Aim To investigate a correlation between calculated creatinine clearance as a measure of kidney's functional abilities and ultrasonographically determined kidney volume, which represents actual size of the kidney, in fact residual renal mass in chronic kidney disease, in order to determine possibilities of ultrasound as a diagnostic method in diagnosing and follow up of chronic renal disease. Methods Prospective study included 150 patients with registered demographic and anthropometric data, and also with relevant laboratory tests of renal function. Longitudinal diameter, thickness and width of the kidney and renal volume calculated according to the Dinkel's formula were measured by ultrasound. A correlation between the measured volume of the kidneys and calculated creatinine clearance was done by the Spearman method, with statistical significance of p<0.05. Results Statistically significant correlation between the estimated creatinine clearance values and the average of the calculated values of kidney volume was found (p<0.01). Average value of the kidneys' volume showed a linear decrease with the progression of chronic kidney disease: the kidney volume in the control healthy group was 171.7 ± 32.6 mL (95.22- 229.59 mL), and in the subjects classified in stage IV it was 74.7 ± 24.6 mL (43.22-165.65 mL). Conclusion Calculated volume of kidney well correlated with creatinine clearance as a measure of functional ability of the kidneys and with the stage of chronic renal disease. It can be used in clinical practice for monitoring of chronic kidney disease in conjunction with other clinical and laboratory parameters.

This paper presents the work in progress on the design and testing of a distributed ultrasound-based sensory system for hybrid 1D and 2D environment visualisation. Many common sensors used in robotics, such as infrared and ultrasonic sensors, cameras and lasers mainly focus on quantifying distances and shapes, while rarely have the ability to differentiate among different sensed surfaces/materials. We propose an inexpensive prototype sensory system based on popular ultrasonic sensors which uses ultrasonic reflections to determine the acoustic reflection coefficients. This additional feature allows differentiating among sensed objects. Moreover, the developed ultrasonic cells are equipped with a microcontroller for basic signal processing and a communication link for integration into a sensor network. In this paper, we discuss the possibility of fusing obtained sensor array data and laser measurements.

Introduction: Transfusion is an activity that assures sufficient supply of blood and blood components to treat the sick and injured. In transfusion departments is necessary to timely provide adequate amounts of blood and blood products for various surgical procedures. Material and methods: To determine the total amount of preoperative requirements (BT/AB and BT/AB/MT) for blood and blood products in surgical departments of General Hospital “Prim. Dr. Abdulah Nakas” in the period from June 1, 2014 – December 31, 2014 and analyze the requirements for blood in relation to surgical procedures, surgical discipline, period, age and gender of patients. To determine the maximum consumption levels surgeries. Results: The total amount of preoperative requirements for blood and blood products in surgical departments amounted to 927. Almost the same number of requests with a slightly higher percentage was in December and October and the lowest in June. The average age of patients was 52.2±20.1 years with the youngest patient aged 9 and the oldest at the age of 97 years. Women were more prevalent with 686 or 74% of the time compared to men. The largest number of requests for surgery elective cesarean section 208 (22.5%) with delivery wards, then for surgery or hip replacement 98 (10.6%). Maximum consumption for surgical operations Hysterectomy totalis abdominals 15 doses of blood. Conclusion: The largest number of requests were for elective cesarean section 208 (22.5%) with delivery wards, then for surgery or hip replacement with 98 (10.6%). Maximum consumed doses had gynecology surgery at Hysterectomy totalis abdominals 15 doses of blood, then orthopedics surgery at Primary hip prosthesis 11 doses.

Introduction: Paper is written on the basis of data collected in collaboration with family doctors in several cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Material and methods: In this retrospective, randomized study was carried out processing of data collected by special design questionnaire from the field through studies and analyzes carried out in 5 health care institutions in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study included 270 patients who underwent three consecutive medical examinations. Results: Total reduction in blood pressure in average was 32.8 mmHg for systolic and 17.1 mmHg for diastolic, which is consistent with previously published results. Lisinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide is therefore a valuable therapy in the field of internal medicine. Study of this medication confirmed its efficacy in the treatment of hypertension. Conclusion: Control of high blood pressure in our patients according to data was very low, so it is necessary to intensify measures of prevention and treatment.

Let $M$ be a finite volume, non-compact hyperbolic Riemann surface, possibly with elliptic fixed points, and let $\phi(s)$ denote the automorphic scattering determinant. From the known functional equation $\phi(s)\phi(1-s)=1$ one concludes that $\phi(1/2)^{2} = 1$. However, except for the relatively few instances when $\phi(s)$ is explicitly computable, one does not know $\phi(1/2)$. In this article we address this problem and prove the following result. Let $N$ and $P$ denote the number of zeros and poles, respectively, of $\phi(s)$ in $(1/2,\infty)$, counted with multiplicities. Let $d(1)$ be the coefficient of the leading term from the Dirichlet series component of $\phi(s)$. Then $\phi(1/2)=(-1)^{N+P} \cdot \mathrm{sgn}(d(1))$.