Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease of unknown etiology in which tissues and cells are damaged by pathogenic autoantibodies and immune complexes. About ninety percent of patients with lupus are women between the ages of 20 and 40. The disease may affect only one organ system, and it also can be a multisystem and affect the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, nervous system, and serous membrane. In the case report is presented a 38 year old patient with severe systemic lupus erythematosus, which adequately reacted to the treatment of mycophenolate mofetil. Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus, the effect of therapy, mycophenolate mofetil. (Scr Med 2016:47:74-75) ( ) * + , . , / 0 1 0 2 3 4 5 4 . 4 3 . 6 . , 7 . , 8 9 : ; + 7 , 7 < = . 0 = > ? @ A B B . C B < A : + 0 1 / / / Introduction D E F G H I J K L M N M F H O E G P H I Q G R F M F S D T U V J F Q W J F H Q F H R X M Y Z [ Y R \ Y H G J R L R ] E J Y \ P J K P G J F F M H F Q Y W K H L L F Q O H W Q I Q ] H W ^ E N Q G P R ] H Y J K Q M G R Q Y G J ^ R W J H F Q Y W J I I M Y H K R I N L H _ H F ` a b J Y H G E N H O K H Y G R X L M N M F N Q G J H Y G F Q O H \ R I H Y c M F M Q L L E J Y G P H O H N O R W M K G J d H F G Q ] H R X L J X H c ^ M G K P J L W O H Y c H L W H O L E Q Y W I H Y K Q Y Q L F R ^ H K R I H J Y X H K G H W ` e D T U J F I Q Y J X H F G H W ^ E F M ^ Z f H K G J d H Q Y W K L J Y J K Q L F J ] Y F M F M Q L L E R Y G P H F [ J Y c f R J Y G F Q Y W J Y G H O Y Q L R O ] Q Y F ` g R R W [ Y R \ L H W ] H R X G P H N Q G J H Y G Q Y W G P H Q K G J d J G J H F R X P J F h P H O F J L L Y H F F Q Y W W J F H Q F H K R M O F H Q O H W H K J Z F J d H X Q K G R O F J Y G P H K P R J K H R X N P Q O I Q K R G P H O Q N E i F Q L J K E L Q G H F c b D j k l F c Q Y G J I Q L Q O J Q L F c K R O G J K R F G H O R J W F c J I I M Y R F M N N O H F Z F J d H Q ] H Y G F Q Y W I R Y R K L R Y Q L Q Y G J ^ R W J H F ` m Case report k Y n Q O K P o p p q c r s Z E H Q O Z R L W N Q G J H Y G \ Q F Q W I J G G H W G R G P H l H N Q O G I H Y G R X O P H M I Q G R L R ] E ^ H K Q M F H R X N R R O ] H Y H O Q L K R Y W J G J R Y c \ H Q [ Y H F F Q Y W N Q J Y J Y G P H f R J Y G F Q Y W I M F K L H F ` t H O I H W J K Q L P J F G R O E F P R \ H W G P Q G F P H P Q W ^ H H Y G O H Q G H W M Y W H O Q W J Q ] Y R F J F R X F H O R Y H ] Q G J d H O P H M I Q G R J W Q O G P O J G J F F J Y K H j M ] M F G o p p u Q Y W G P H G O H Q G I H Y G J Y d R L d H W L R \ Z W R F H K R O G J K R F G H O R J W F Q Y W P E W O R _ E K P L R O R v M J Y H ` w P H N Q G J H Y G W J W Y R G K P H K [ J Y X R O O H ] M L Q O K R Y G O R L F X R O Q L R Y ] H O N H O J R W R X G J I H ` w P H R ^ f H K G J d H x Y W J Y ] F F P R \ H W N Q L H F [ J Y Q Y W d J F J ^ L H I M K R M F I H I ^ O Q Y H F c \ J G P ^ M G G H O y E O Q F P R Y G P H X Q K H c N J G Z G J Y ] H W H I Q R X G P H L R \ H O L H ] Q Y W X R R G W R O F M I c Q F \ H L L Q F F E Y R d J G J F J Y G Q L R K O M O Q L f R J Y G F ` T Q ^ R O Q G R O E x Y W J Y ] F F P R \ H W F H d H O H Q Y H I J Q \ J G P G P H d Q L M H F R X H O E G P O R K E G H F p ` z { _ { p { o h L Q Y W P H I R ] L R ^ J Y z ` s ] h W L c J Y K O H Q F H W L H d H L F R X N O R G H J Y J Y G P H M O J Y H z ` s ] h o z P c W H K O H Q F H W K O H Q G J Y J Y H K L H Q O Q Y K H R X z q I L h I J Y c M O J Y Q O E N O R G H J Y N R F J G J d H S | | | V c O H W M K H W d Q L M H R X K R I N L H I H Y G K R I N R Y H Y G F c Q N R F J G J d H j b j G H F G c Q N R F J G J d H Q Y G J Z W F l b j } o p p k ~ h I L c Q Y G J Z F F l b j N R F J Z G J d H } o p p k ~ h I L ` l M O J Y ] P R F N J G Q L J  Q G J R Y c G P H N Q G J H Y G \ Q F G O H Q G H W \ J G P I H G P E L N O H W Y J F R L R Y H J Y Q W R F H R X { I ] h [ ] h W Q E c Q Y G J ^ J R G J K F Q Y W G O Q Y F X M F J R Y R X N Q K [ H W O H W ^ L R R W K H L L F ` n E K R N P H Y R L Q G H I R X H G J L J Y Q W R F H R X o p p p I ] W Q J L E \ Q F ] J d H Y R Y G P H F H d H Y G P W Q E R X P R F N J G Q L J  Q G J R Y ` l M H G R G P H L R \ d Q L M H R X O H W ^ L R R W K H L L F Q G G P H ^ H ] J Y Y J Y ] R X G O H Q G I H Y G c N M L F H G P H O Q N E \ J G P K E K L R N P R F N P Q I J W H \ Q F Y R G M F H W ` j W Z W J G J R Y Q L \ R O F H Y J Y ] R X G P H W J F H Q F H S L R \ d Q L M H J Y G P H O H W ^ L R R W K H L L F V R K K M O O H W R Y G P H G \ H Y G J H G P W Q E R X G O H Q G I H Y G ` j X G H O H F G Q ^ L J F P H W W H G H O J R O Q G J R Y J Y G P H P H I Q G R N R J H G J K F E F Z G H I c \ H W H K J W H W G R Q W I J Y J F G H O I H G P E L N O H W Y J F R L R Y H N M L F H G P H O Q N E X R O G P O H H W Q E F c Q G Q W Q J L E W R F H R X { p p p I ] N Q O H Y Z G H O Q L ` j X G H O G P H Q ^ R d H I H Y G J R Y H W c F G Q ^ J L J G E J Y O H W ^ L R R W Z L J Y H \ Q F Q K K R I N L J F P H W ` j X G H O G P H P R F N J G Q L G O H Q G I H Y G c P J ] P N O R G H J Y F d Q L M H F J Y M O J Y H r ` z ] h o z P Q Y W O H W M K H W K O H Z Q G J Y J Y H K L H Q O Q Y K H r { I L h I J Y O H I Q J Y H W ` w P H N Q G J H Y G \ Q F W J F K P Q O ] H W \ J G P O H K R I I H Y W Q G J R Y F Q ^ R M G G P H O Q N E \ J G P K R O G J K R F G H O R J W F c I E K R N P H Y R L Q G H I R X H G J L c P E W O R _ E K P L R O R Z v M J Y H c R F G H R N R O R G J K N O R G H K G J R Y Q Y W Q Y G J N L Q G H L H G G P H O Q N E ` w P H N Q G J H Y G P Q W K R I H X R O O H ] M L Q O K P H K [ M N F Q Y W Q G G P H L Q F G K R Y G O R L c J Y D H N G H I ^ H O o p { € c G P H d Q L M H R X N O R G H J Y J Y M O J Y H Q Y W K O H Q G J Y J Y H K L H Q O Q Y K H c Q F \ H L L Q F R G P H O L Q ^ R O Q G R O E N Q Z O Q I H G H O F \ H O H \ J G P J Y Y R O I Q L d Q L M H F ` Discussion w P H K Q F H R X N O H F H Y G H W N Q G J H Y G J F W J F K M F F H W J Y G H O I F R X W J Q ] Y R F J F F E F G H I J K L M N M F H O E G P H I Q G R F M F J Y Q K K R O W Q Y K H \ J G P G P H K O J G H O J Q X R O G P H W J Q ] Y R F J F Q Y W H _ G O H I H L E X Q d R O Q Z ^ L H O H F N R Y F H Q X G H O I H G P E L N O H W Y J F R L R Y H N M L F H G P H O Q N E Q Y W K R Y G J Y M R M F G P H O Q N E \ J G P I E K R N P H Y R L Q G H I R X H G J L ` D E I N Z G R I F Q Y W F J ] Y F J Y R M O K Q F H Q O H I H H G J Y ] G P H K O J G H O J Q X R O W J Q ] Y R F J F ` w P H O H Q O H  R X G P H H L H d H Y K O J G H O J Q X R O G P H K L Q F Z F J x K Q G J R Y R X F E F G H I J K L M N M F H O E G P H I Q G R F M F J Y G P H N Q G J H Y G i I Q L Q O O Q F P c Q O G P O J G J F c [ J W Y H E W J F R O W H O F c P H I Q G R L R ] J K Q L W J F R O W H O F c N R F J G J d H Q Y G J Y M K L H Q O Q Y G J ^ R W E Q Y W Q N R F J G J d H Q Y G J Z W F l b j Q Y W Q Y G J Z F F l b j Q Y G J ^ R W E ` ‚ w P H K Q F H O H N R O G J F F P R \ Y W M H G R G P H J I N R O G Q Y K H R X H Q O L E W J Q ] Y R F J F R X F E F Z G H I J K L M N M F H O E G P H I Q G R F M F c Q Y W H Q O L E Q ] ] O H F F J d H G O H Q G Z I H Y G ` Conclusion l M H G R J Y Q ^ J L J G E G R N H O X R O I [ J W Y H E ^ J R N F E c K L J Y J K Q L Z L Q ^ R Z O Q G R O E Q F F H F F I H Y G J F d H O E J I N R O G Q Y G J Y J Y W J d J W M Q L G P H O Z Q N H M G J K Q N N O R Q K P G R G P H F H N Q G J H Y G F J Y R O W H O G R Q K P J H d H L R Y ] Z G H O I O H I J F F J R Y R X G P H W J F H Q F H ` w P J F K Q F H O H N R O G N O H F H Y G H W G P H N Q G J H Y G \ P R \ Q F G O H Q G H W N O R I N G L E \ J G P Q ] Z ] O H F F J d H G P H O Q N E N M L F H W R F H F R X I H G P E L N O H W Y J F R L R Y H Q Y W P J ] P W R F H F R X I E K R N P H Y R L Q G H I R X H G J L Q Y W \ P R Q K P J H d H W K R I N L H G H L Q ^ R O Q G R O E Q Y W K L J Y J K Q L O H I J F F J R Y R X G P H W J F H Q F H ` Reference { ` t Q O J F F R Y R d Q Y Q H L Q J Y G H O Y H I H W J K J Y H ` { € ` k  W Q Y f H ` U M ] H Y H ƒ O Q Q M Y d Q L W S H G Q L V Z ƒ H R ] O Q W i ƒ Q O W „ x Y … ƒ Q Y Z f Q T M [ Q i † R I Q Y R d o p p z ‡ Y f J ] Q o ` r { { i { q o o o ` D K P M O ˆ t ` ‰ \ H O d J H d R X K L J Y J K Q L I Q Y J X H F G Q G J R Y F R X G P H F E F G H I J K L M N M F H O J G H I Q G R W M F J Y Q W M L G F ` l R F G M N Y R Y Q \ \ \ ` M N G R W Q G H ` K R I ` r ` j M F G J Y t j c ƒ Q L R \ Š U i b Q G M O Q L P J F G R O E Q Y W G O H Q G Z I H Y G R X L M N M F Y H N P O J G J F ` D H I J Y b H N P O R L { q i o c { q q q ` ˆ n J W i q q € o o u  z ` U ] Y H O ‹ ` w P H M F H L Q ^ R O Q G R O E G H F G H F J Y G P H W J Q ] Y R F J F R X D U T ` Š Œ L J Y ˆ Q G P R L o p p p … € r i z o z Z r o `  Ž Ž  + 2 2 (  . ( ) * . ) 5 ‘ 2 , . , , ’ 7 2 “ ”  . 0 ’ . 7 . 8 = 8 • – * ( + , — , , 1 — — • – > * ( + • – > , 1 ’ , = ’ Odgovor na terapiju mikofenolat mofetilom kod pacijentice sa teškim oblikom sistemskog eritemskog lupusa SAŽETAK Sistemski eritemski lupus (SEL) je bolest nepoznate etiologije u kojoj su tkiva i ćelije oštećeni patogenim autoantitijelima i imunskim kompleksima. 90% oboljelih su žene, a starosna dob u kojoj najčešće oboljevaju je između 20. i 40. godine života. Bolest može zahvatiti samo jedan organski sistem, a može biti i višesistemska i zahvatiti kožu, zglobove, bubrege, pluća, nervni sistem i serozne membrane. U radu je prikazan slučaj 38-ogodišnje pacijentice sa teškim oblikom sistemskog eritemskog lupusa, koji je adekvatno odreagovao na terapiju mikofenolat mofetilom. Ključne riječi: Sistemski eritemski lupus, efekat terapije, mikofenolat mofetil 75 LJ. BOŽIĆ-MAJSTOROVIĆ, B. GAŠIĆ, D. JOVIĆ, M. VUKČEVIĆ, J. AĆIMOVIĆ

Contemporary forms of business in tourism impose new trends conditioned by an ever-increasing number of tourists travelling in the world today. It is an undeniable fact that tourists are increasingly demanding and that it is not a simple task to satisfy all their needs and expectations. Tourist satisfaction is an important strategic weapon on which success of a tourist destination is dependent. Customer satisfaction often results in prolonged stay in a tourist place, which is certainly dependent on a fair relationship between the service user and provider, but also on the way in which that service has been delivered. Meeting the expected level of satisfaction should be a common attitude, as the emotional reaction of the visitor is based on the difference between the expected and the delivered service. A basic indicator of customer satisfaction in tourism are revisits of a tourist destination. Guests visit many destinations several times during their lifetimes, which clearly indicates that satisfaction with time spent at a certain place leads to the intention of revisiting. On the other hand, an increasingly large share of family business in tourism, especially the accommodation sector, can be directly related to the tendency of achieving tourist satisfaction through an experience based on a direct contact with service providers. Successful hosts have already realized that their guests must not be perceived merely as numbers, but need to strive towards creating a personal relationship that would generate satisfaction. The practice of renting out accommodation in private homes and households has been present in Montenegro for decades. Moreover, that form of accommodation is numerically superior to all other kinds. The goal of this paper is to explore the satisfaction of customers with services offered on tourist destinations and to establish in what way it affects the successfulness of family business based on private accommodation facilities. Research described in this paper was conducted in the coastal town of Sutomore (Bar municipality) in the Republic of Montenegro, which has been recording a significant growth of tourist visits in the recent years. The paper demonstrates the results of survey research created according to the qualitest model, conducted on a sample of 160 tourists accommodated in private accommodation premises. The results obtained will serve to propose measures for improvement the tourism offer.

Este artigo discute a producao das culturas infantis a partir das experiencias de meninos e meninas, de 3 a 5 anos de idade, com a linguagem das historias em quadrinhos (HQs), tendo como foco as relacoes de genero. Reconhece as HQs como uma das producoes midiaticas que interfere nos modos de viver das criancas, muitas vezes reforcando estereotipos fundados nas diferencas sexuais. Assim, em uma interlocucao com a filosofia, sociologia, sociologia da infância, pedagogia da infância e arte, problematiza como as criancas se apropriam dos quadrinhos, o que deles reproduzem, inventam ou reinventam. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado em uma pre-escola municipal localizada na regiao do Grande ABC Paulista, que teve como procedimentos metodologicos: a observacao e registro de campo, os relatos orais das criancas, a analise dos documentos oficiais da Rede Municipal de Educacao e da pre-escola, entrevista com quadrinhista e a analise das HQs produzidas pelas criancas. Defende que meninos e meninas participam de maneira ativa na sociedade da qual fazem parte, portanto, nao so reproduzem a cultura do mundo adulto, mas ao se apropriarem coletiva e criativamente desta produzem as culturas infantis. Demonstra serem as HQs parte da cultura material da infância, que se constituem em suportes para aspectos simbolicos das culturas infantis, que as criancas compartilham entre si e com os adultos e as adultas, onde se observam padroes e valores identitarios sendo negociados; isso revela que elas nao so reproduzem estereotipos da cultura heteronormativa, mas transgridem as fronteiras de genero. Nesse sentido, aponta para o desafio de trazer as criancas para o debate acerca da relacao “infâncias, midia e genero”, na perspectiva de (re)conhecer como elas fruem, produzem e vao alem das imagens midiaticas. “Girls don´t draw cars… but there are girls who do it”: child cultures, gender and comics Abstract This article discusses child culture-oriented productions based on the experience of boys and girls aged 3-5 with the language found in comics, focusing on gender relations. The article views comics as one of the media products which can be related to child behavior, from the perspective of sexual differentiated stereotypes. It also examines an association with philosophy, sociology, sociology of childhood, early childhood pedagogy and art, in a sense which casts light on how children interact with comics.  It shows a case study conducted at kindergarten, in the Greater ABC region, which had methodological procedures: the field observation and recordings; the oral reports of children; analysis of the official documents of the Municipal Administration of Education and the documents of preschool; an interview with a comic artist, and analysis of comics produced by children.  It supports that boys and girls actively take part in their societies. In fact, not only do they reproduce the adult world culture, but also produce child cultures. It demonstrates that comics are part and parcel of childhood as a symbolic resource to be shared among adults and children. It points out that identity patterns and values are in the spotlight, suggesting that gender boundaries are to be redrawn. In sum, the article prompts further reflections on childhood, the media and gender. Keywords : Childhood. Gender. Media. “Las ninas no dibujan coches… pero hay ninas que los dibujan”: culturas infantiles, relaciones de genero e historietas Resumen Este articulo discute la produccion de las culturas infantiles a partir de las experiencias de ninos y ninas de 3 a 5 anos de edad con el lenguaje de las historietas (comics), teniendo como foco las relaciones de genero. Reconoce las historietas como una de las producciones mediaticas que interfiere en la manera de vivir de los ninos, muchas veces reforzando estereotipos fundados en las diferencias sexuales. De esta manera, en una interlocucion con la filosofia, sociologia, sociologia de la infancia, pedagogia de la infancia y el arte, problematiza como los ninos, se apropian de las historietas, lo que de ellas reproducen, inventan o reinventan. Se trata de un estudio de caso realizado en un kindergarten municipal ubicado en la region del Grande ABC Paulista, que tenian los procedimientos metodologicos: la observacion y el campo de registro; los informes orales de los ninos; el analisis de los documentos oficiales de la Red de Educacion Municipal y preescolar; entrevista con el comic; y el analisis de los comics producidos por los ninos. Defiende que los ninos y ninas participan de manera activa en la sociedad de la cual hacen parte, por lo tanto no solo reproducen la cultura del mundo adulto, pero al apropiarse colectiva e individualmente de esta producen las culturas infantiles. Demuestra que las historietas son parte de la cultura material de la infancia, que se constituye en soportes para aspectos simbolicos de las culturas infantiles, que los ninos comparten entre si y con los adultos, donde se observan patrones y valores de identidad siendo negociados; eso revela que ellas no solo reproducen estereotipos de la cultura normativa heterosexual, pero infringen las fronteras de genero. En ese sentido, apunta para el desafio de traer los ninos para el debate acerca de la relacion “infancias, media y genero”, en la perspectiva de (re)conocer como ellas disfrutan, producen y van mas alla de las imagenes mediaticas. Palabras claves: Infancia. Relaciones de Genero. Media.

This paper presents a framework for determining the price of power and energy at each node in distribution network as well as the price of energy losses in their elements. The proposed framework is based on the concept of the radial structure network and gives one approach to solving the pricing problem that is based on purchase price of power and energy at the network supply point. In this way it is possible to determine the economic value of energy losses whether in the network as a whole or in particular voltage levels. The model has been successfully tested and results from test studies are reported.

Background: The current standard treatment of chronic hepatitis C in Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of pegylated interferon alpha in combination with ribavirin. Interferon therapy has many psychiatric side effects, with depressive symptomatology being most prominent. The aim of the study was to establish the frequency and severity of depression in patients with chronic hepatitis C during two months of the aforementioned therapy. Subjects and Methods: The overall sample consisted of 46 subjects, divided into three subgroups, aged 18 to 65. The study population consisted of subjects treated for chronic hepatitis C (n = 15), subjects infected but not treated for chronic hepatitis C (n = 15), and healthy controls (n = 16). The assessment and level of depression were based on the Structural clinical interview (SCID), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. The assessments were conducted before interferon therapy (on the day 0), after 4 and 8 weeks of therapy. Results: Regarding its frequency, MADRS scoring showed that the number of depressed subjects receiving therapy increased after 8 weeks (46.7%). There was statistical significance between the subgroups after 4 and 8 weeks. Likewise, the ZUNG scale showed that the number of depressed subjects receiving therapy increased after 8 weeks (73.3%). There was statistical significance between the subgroups on the day 0, after 4 and 8 weeks. Conclusions: Depression was significantly more frequent in chronic hepatitis C subjects treated with interferon alpha in combination with ribavirin than in subjects in the group without therapy. Mild depression was most prevalent.

Introduction: Dilatation of the left atrium and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DDLV) according to recent studies has significance in the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke and death. Authors of some studies found no relationship between these parameters and atrial fibrillation. Objective: this study is to determine the time of occurrence and duration of atrial fibrillation in patients after surgical revascularization (CABG) due to the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and left atrium dilatation and identify the most significant predictors of incident AF. Methods: Prospective study included 116 patients undergoing surgical myocardial revascularization followed from admission to discharge. The study was conducted at the Special Hospital “Heart Center BH” Tuzla for a period of one year (March 2011/2012 g.). For all patients was performed preoperative ultrasound examination, especially parameters of diastolic function of the left ventricle and left atrium volume index (LAVi), as the best parameter sized left atrium, and the postoperative occurrence of certain AF and day occurrence, duration in hours, the number of attacks. To assess whether an event occurred or not was used logistic regression, and the effect of time on the event of interest is analyzed by Cox ‘s regression hazard parallel. Results: 75.9 % of patients had DDLV, and 91.4 % were hypertensives, 12.9 % from the previous stroke (ICV) and 42.2 % diabetics (DM), 14 % with COPD. The average age of patients was 61.41 ± 4.69 years. In both groups was 32.8 % women and 67.2 % men. LAVi preoperative values were significantly higher as DDLV greater degree. In patients with DDLV and higher values LAVi risk of AF is higher, the greater the length of AF and significantly higher number of attacks FA. Early occurrence of atrial fibrillation and its longer duration in function with increasing LAVi a marked increase in the value LAVi have the greatest hazard for the early appearance of atrial fibrillation. As a result of analysis of the most significant predictors of AF are DDLV and LAVi. Conclusion: Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurs earlier and lasts longer in patients with DDLV and elevated left atrial volume index especially LAV > 36ml/m2. LAVi has the best explanation of the function of hazard occurrence of atrial fibrillation after CABG.

Background: The risk of wound infection after elective inguinal hernia repair depends on several factors. One of the most important factors is the preoperative skin preparation. The use of antisepsis is performed to reduce the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) and to remove causing organisms. This work compares two different agent forms for preoperative skin preparation to prevent SSIs. Objectives: The objective of the study is comparing the effects of two different agents used for preoperative skin preparation and prevention of SSIs. Material and methods: 100 adult patients were divided and randomized into two groups, each containing 50 patients. Both groups included patients that are scheduled for elective Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair. The first group includes patients whose skin preparations were done with povidone iodine (PI) only. The second group included patients that are treated with two antiseptics; Alkosol (96% ethanol, isopropanol-30g and ortophenilphenol-0.1g) and povidone iodide. Alkosol is applied before the induction of anesthesia. The povidone iodide is applied after Alkosol has evaporated. The presence of bacterial growth in the wound was determined 24 and 48 hours after operation. Swabs were used to take samples, which were then cultivated to check for bacterial growth. The presence of infection was also determined by the following criteria: pain or tenderness, induration, erythema, local warmth of the wound etc. Results: The surgeon or clinician declared that after 24 hours the wound was infected in 20 patients in the control group and in 22 patients after 48 hours. In the Alkosol (96% ethanol, isopropanol-30g and ortophenilphenol-0.1g) and povidone iodide group infection was declared in only 3 patients after 24 hours. Discussion: Compared to the use of providone only, the use of Alkosol (96% ethanol, isopropanol-30g and ortophenilphenol-0.1g) and povidone iodide has many advantages and was associated with lower rates of SSIs following clean surgery. A larger trial is warranted in order to add definitive and more conclusive data to the current evidence base.