Neutron powder diffraction (NPD) was employed to further investigate the BaTi1−xSnxO3 (BTS) system previously studied by X-ray diffraction. The room-temperature phase compositions and crystal structures of BTS samples with x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10, 0.12, 0.15 and 0.20 were refined by the Rietveld method using NPD data. It is well known that barium titanate powder (x = 0) crystallizes in the tetragonal P4mm space group. The crystal structures of the samples with 0.025 ≤ x ≤ 0.07 were refined as mixtures of P4mm and Amm2 phases; those with x = 0.1 and 0.12 show the coexistence of rhombohedral R3m and cubic phases, while the samples with x = 0.15 and 0.20 crystallize in a single cubic Pm{\overline 3}m phase. Temperature-dependent NPD was used to characterize the BaTi0.95Sn0.05O3 sample at 273, 333 and 373 K, and it was found to form single-phase Amm2, P4mm and Pm{\overline 3}m structures at these respective temperatures. The NPD results are in agreement with data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric permittivity measurements, which show a paraelectric–ferroelectric transition (associated with structural transition) from Pm{\overline 3}m to P4mm at about 353 K followed by a P4mm to Amm2 phase transition at about 303 K.

Nowadays, we are witnessing the rapid development of medicine and various methods that are used for early detection of diseases. In order to make quality decisions in diagnosis and prevention of disease, various decision support systems based on machine learning methods have been introduced in the medical domain. Such systems play an increasingly important role in medical practice. This paper presents a new web framework concept for disease prediction. The proposed framework is object-oriented and enables online prediction of various diseases. The framework enables online creation of different autonomous prediction models depending on the characteristics of diseases. Prediction process in the framework is based on a hybrid Case Based Reasoning classifier. The framework was evaluated on disease datasets from public repositories. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed framework achieved high diagnosis accuracy.

Prion diseases show remarkable clinical and neuropathological heterogeneity. All reported cases with definite variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) were homozygous at PRNP codon 129. Heterozygosity at codon 219 has been shown to be protective against sporadic CJD (sCJD). Copy number variants (CNVs) are a novel source of genetic variability associated with susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. Aims: Hypotheses tested: · The clinico-pathological phenotype of prion disease is modified by investigation findings, co-deposition of amyloid beta, tau proteins and/or candidate genetic variation. · The MRC Scale can be used for analysis of disease progression in CJD · Copy number variation alters the risk of prion disease in the UK and Papua New Guinea (PNG) Methods: Case reports illustrated genetic susceptibility and phenotypic heterogeneity. The MRC Scale was used to assess disease progression and study power in sCJD. Real-time PCR and gene sequencing were used to assess the role of candidate genes in clinico-pathological heterogeneity. GWAS were used to assess the role of CNVs as susceptibility loci to prion diseases. Results: Two patients with vCJD were heterozygous at codon 219. The MRC scale could be administered daily requiring only 90 patients to provide sufficient study power. Amyloid-β deposition was significantly influenced by APOE e4 haplotype in definite sCJD. Prion protein and hyperphosphorylated tau deposition were influenced by MAPTH1c haplotype. CNV duplications at chromosome 10 and 14 were significantly enriched in cases when compared to controls. The finding was confirmed using real-time PCR but was not replicated in the German cohort. Analysis using Penn CNV revealed a nominally significant association of CNV deletion at PARK2 gene. Conclusion: Heterozygosity at codon 219 is protective against sCJD but may confer susceptibility to vCJD. Patient stratification and assessments using MRC Scale allowed adequate study power to justify future therapeutic trials. MAPTH1c haplotype played a role in both prion and tau protein deposition. Chromosome 10 and 14 duplications and deletion at PARK2 gene may play a role in prion disease susceptibility.

Payers are a major stakeholder in any considerations and initiatives concerning adaptive licensing of new medicinal products, also referred to as Medicines Adaptive Pathways to patients (MAPPs). Firstly, the scope and necessity of MAPPs need further scrutiny, especially with regard to the definition of unmet need. Conditional approval pathways already exist for new medicines for seriously debilitating or life-threatening diseases and only a limited number of new medicines are innovative. Secondly, MAPPs will result in new medicines on the market with limited evidence about their effectiveness and safety. Additional data are to be collected after approval. Consequently, adaptive pathways may increase the risk of exposing patients to ineffective or unsafe medicines. We have already seen medicines approved conventionally that subsequently proved ineffective or unsafe amongst a wider, more co-morbid population as well as medicines that could have been considered for approval under MAPPs but subsequently proved ineffective or unsafe in Phase III trials and were never licensed. Thirdly, MAPPs also put high demands on payers. Routine collection of patient level data is difficult with high transaction costs. It is not clear who will fund these. Other challenges for payers include shifts in the risk governance framework, implications for evaluation and HTA, increased complexity of setting prices, difficulty with ensuring equity in the allocation of resources, definition of responsibility and liability and implementation of stratified use. Exit strategies also need to be agreed in advance, including price reductions, rebates, or reimbursement withdrawals when price premiums are not justified. These issues and concerns will be discussed in detail including potential ways forward.

Anaerobic abilities is the dominant activity in submaximal and maximal intensity. Conditioned by the good functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, morphological status, metabolism, muscle structure, etc. The research has conducted with the aim of evaluating fatique index of students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. The sample included a total of 50 male students from Eastern Sarajevo and Niksic (age 21±0,5years, the average weight 78,05±8,14kg). For the evaluation of fatique index of students applied to the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test  (RAST). The results showed values of anaerobic capacity of students who ''are expected'' for this population. Average index of fatigue was recorded with students (FI=8,00 watts/sec) and max.value about 17watts/sec  suggesting a weaker state of anaerobic capacity or lower tolerance to lactate, despite the fact that it is a physically active population

A pressao intra-abdominal define-se como um estado de pressao na cavidade abdominal, o qual e determinado pelo indice de massa corporal, pela postura, atividade muscular da parede abdominal e pela respiracao. O metodo padrao ouro para mensuracao da pressao intra-abdominal recomendado pela Sociedade Mundial de Sindrome do Compartimento Abdominal e o metodo indireto por meio da sondagem vesical com sonda de Foley e infusao de 25 mL de solucao fisiologica na bexiga. O desenvolvimento de uma tecnica de afericao da PIA por meio de sonda uretral de policloreto de vinila (P.V.C.), torna essa tecnica mais pratica e facil de ser realizada em Medicina Veterinaria. Objetivou-se neste estudo, realizar a mensuracao da PIA em 29 caes anestesiados saudaveis, com uma tecnica que utiliza a sonda uretral de P.V.C. e a infusao de 1mL/Kg de solucao fisiologica, correlacionando os valores encontrados com o peso dos animais. A media da PIA de cadelas anestesiadas com propofol e isoflurano pelo metodo proposto foi de 1,78 cmH 2 0 (± 1,39) e a mediana de 1,9 cmH 2 0. Os valores da PIA tem relacao direta com o peso dos animais.