The aim of this two‒year research was to determine the rate of productive tillers per plant of different winter wheat cultivars under different sowing densities in the agroecological conditions of Banja Luka. NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka wheat cultivars were sown at eight different sowing densities: 384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 584, 588 and 604 seeds m-2. The experiment was set up in the open field, and each wheat cultivar was sown at different sowing density in four replications. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial analysis of variance 2×8×3 while significant differences between treatments were tested by LSD test. The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved for the winter wheat cultivar NS 40S (2.29). The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved at sowing density of 384 seeds m-2 and the lowest at sowing density of 588 seeds m-2.

To evaluate the quality of sleep, it is important to determine how much time was spent in each sleep stage during the night. The gold standard in this domain is an overnight polysomnography (PSG). But the recording of the necessary electrophysiological signals is extensive and complex and the environment of the sleep laboratory, which is unfamiliar to the patient, might lead to distorted results. In this paper, a sleep stage detection algorithm is proposed that uses only the heart rate signal, derived from electrocardiogram (ECG), as a discriminator. This would make it possible for sleep analysis to be performed at home, saving a lot of effort and money. From the heart rate, using the fast Fourier transformation (FFT), three parameters were calculated in order to distinguish between the different sleep stages. ECG data along with a hypnogram scored by professionals was used from Physionet database, making it easy to compare the results. With an agreement rate of 41.3%, this approach is a good foundation for future research.

Humans excel at recognizing (or inferring) another's distal intentions, and recent experiments suggest that this may be possible using only subtle kinematic cues elicited during early phases of movement. Still, the cognitive and computational mechanisms underlying the recognition of intentional (sequential) actions are incompletely known and it is unclear whether kinematic cues alone are sufficient for this task, or if it instead requires additional mechanisms (e.g., prior information) that may be more difficult to fully characterize in empirical studies. Here we present a computationally-guided analysis of the execution and recognition of intentional actions that is rooted in theories of motor control and the coarticulation of sequential actions. In our simulations, when a performer agent coarticulates two successive actions in an action sequence (e.g., “reach-to-grasp” a bottle and “grasp-to-pour”), he automatically produces kinematic cues that an observer agent can reliably use to recognize the performer's intention early on, during the execution of the first part of the sequence. This analysis lends computational-level support for the idea that kinematic cues may be sufficiently informative for early intention recognition. Furthermore, it suggests that the social benefits of coarticulation may be a byproduct of a fundamental imperative to optimize sequential actions. Finally, we discuss possible ways a performer agent may combine automatic (coarticulation) and strategic (signaling) ways to facilitate, or hinder, an observer's action recognition processes.

Rast korjenovog sistema deset vegetativnih podloga jabuke (5 klonova podloge M9: T337; Burgmer 984; Fleuron 56; Pajam®1 Lancep i Pajam®2 Cepiland; Jork 9, Mark (MAC 9), M26, Supporter 4 i MM106) analiziran je u toku 2013. godine u dva modifikovana zemljisna supstrata u kontrolisanom kontejnerskom gajenju. Analiziran je broj, ukupna i prosjecna dužina korjenova I poretka kao i ukupan i prosjecan broj korjenova II poretka grananja. Rezultati analiza pokazuju da je kod svih ispitivanih podloga ukupna dužina korjena veca u supstratu 2 (kombinacija bastenske zemlje, treseta i pijeska) u odnosu na supstrat 1 (oranicni sloj pseudoglejnog zemljista), osim kod podloga Jork i M9 B984. Broj korjenova II poretka grananja kod svih podloga bio je veci u supstratu 2, osim podloga Jork i Pajam 2. Dobijeni rezultati analize rasta korjena vegetativnih podloga jabuke su prva istraživanja rasta ovih podloga u BiH.

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Osnovni cilj sprovedenog istraživanja je ispitivanje ucestalosti internet zavisnosti među studentima Medicinskog i Pravnog fakulteta Univerziteta u Banjaluci. METODE: U ispitivanju je koriscen standardizovani test za ispitivanje internet zavisnosti dr Kimberly Young (IAT). Testiranje je sprovedeno anonimno, uz informisani pristanak, nad 147 studenata Medicinskog (75) i Pravnog (72) fakulteta. REZULTATI: Istraživanje je pokazalo da prema je rezultatima IAT-a, od 75 studenata Medicinskog fakulteta, njih 19 (25.3%) zavisno od interneta. Od toga, 17 studenata (22.7%) ima blagi stepen, dok njih dvoje (2.67%) ima srednji stepen zavisnosti od interneta. Nema medicinara sa visokim stepenom ove zavisnosti. Veci postotak studenata Pravnog fakulteta je internet zavisno: 35 studenata (48.6%). Od ukupnog broja njih 30 (41.7%) ima blagi stepen zavisnosti, 4 (5.56%) srednji stepen, dok 1 buduci pravnik (1.39%) ima visok stepen internet zavisnosti.

Poremecaji ponasanja su raznolika grupa poremecaja, okarakterisana ucestalim i trajnim ponavljanjem obrazaca ponasanja, koji narusavaju socijalne norme. Ovaj rad predstavlja prikaz novijih saznanja, koja se ticu funkcionalnosti porodice i poremecaja ponasanja kod djece. Sadrži osnovne karakteristike porodice, obilježja funkcionalnih i disfunkcionalnih porodica i njihov uticaj na razvoj razlicitih vidova poremecaja ponasanja. Razlicite studije pokazale su kako su u porodicama sa djecom sa poremecajem ponasanja cesce prisutne razlicite karakteristike disfunkcionalnih porodica, kao sto su emocionalna hladnoca, cesto fizicko kažnjavanje, pretjerano strogi roditelji, nedosljedna disciplina, kriminalna proslost clanova porodice, psihijatrijski poremecaji. Funkcionalnost porodica posmatra se sa razlicitih aspekata. Najkoristeniji model u ispitivanjima jeste cirkumpleks model porodicnih i bracnih odnosa, koji proucava dimenzije kohezivnosti i fleksibilnosti, uz komunikaciju. Osim toga, u novijim istraživanjima koristi se i sistemski pristup porodici, baveci se patologijom veza, moci i granica.Vodeci se ovim modelima, istraživanja su pokazala kako se kod djece sa poremecajem ponasanja cesce uspostavljaju patoloske veze, izmijenjene su uloge, a granice unutar porodice su rigidne ili difuzne.

Orthodontic tooth movement is the result of bone remodeling that occurs in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone tissue as a response to mechanical loading of the tooth. The aim of this study is to investigate the time- and dose-response effects of locally administered clodronate on tooth movement. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 15 specimens: E1 - application of 10 mMol of clodronate in 3-day intervals; E2 - application of 2.5 mMol of clodronate in 3-day intervals; E3 - application of 10 mMol of clodronate in 7-day intervals; E4 - application of 2.5 mMol of clodronate in 7-day intervals. A 50 μL clodronate solution was injected into a subperiosteal area to the right maxillary incisor. The left maxillary incisor served as a control, with an injection of saline solution. In 3-day interval application regime, there was no effect of clodronate dosing on tooth movement. In 7-day interval application regime, decreased tooth movement was observed with 10 mMol compared with 2.5 mMol clodronate concentration. However, decreased tooth movement was also observed when 2.5 mMol of clodronate was applied in 7-versus 3-day intervals. Conversely, no difference was observed when 10 mMol concentration was applied in 3- versus 7-day intervals. When clodronate is applied subperiosteally in the root area, it decreases the tooth movement. Tooth movement is impeded by the higher clodronate dosing, as well as by shorter application interval even with lower dosing. The purpose of future trials should, therefore, be to determine a safe therapeutic dose/interval application of clodronate in humans and their potential side effects.