In addition to the already well-known application in metal production, electroplating, electrochemical energy sources, electrochemistry is also applied in other branches of industry. Today, electrochemical technologies for the treatment of wastewater and drinking water are increasingly present. In recent years, new advanced oxidation processes based on electrochemical technology - Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), have been developed for the treatment of persistent pollutants, which cannot be removed by conventional water treatments. EAOPs are based on “in situ” electrolytic formation of strong oxidants in an electrochemical reactor, able to degrade almost all organic pollutants. Despite their effectiveness in degrading different types of pollutants, the biggest challenge for EAOPs is high electricity demand to power these systems, which can have serious consequences from both an ecological and an economic point of view. The use of electricity from the distribution network to power electrochemical reactors is the biggest barrier to achieving commercial success of this technology. A possible solution to this challenge is the application of direct solar UV radiation to produce electric energy by use of a solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays for power supply of EAOPs. The aim of the research was to demonstrate the feasibility of using EAOPs directly powered by PV systems, as a sustainable system for efficient water treatment.

It is known that throughout history the people of Herzegovina have been good and skilled fighters and competitors, especially in wrestling, boxing, throwing maces, spears and knives, fencing, etc. Those fighting skills and various competitions were traditional activities of Herzegovinians and were nurtured, preserved and passed down from generation to generation. In the Middle Ages, in the area of today's Herzegovina, physical activities were nurtured and practiced, as well as in neighboring areas and countries. During the Turkish occupation (1463-1878) there was a halt in their development, while during the Austro-Hungarian occupation (1878-1918) sports and other physical activities and competitions began to be practiced more intensively. Numerous sports and other physical activities appeared and began to develop, such as: athletics, cycling, equestrian sports, roller-skating, bowling, hunting, fencing, football, climbing, swimming, wrestling, diving, sokolism, tennis, etc. In the Kingdom of SCS/Yugoslavia (1918-1941), this development became more intensive in terms of content and institutions. In addition to the already mentioned, also began the development of other sports, such as: basketball, folk sports, volleyball, skiing, archery, etc. After the end of the Second World War, sport gained full momentum in Herzegovina, especially in the form of institutional organization. The subject of this research is sport and other physical activities in the territory of Herzegovina, with the aim of making an overview of their origin and development up to the most recent times. During writing historical method was used.

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications is an important part of future driver assistance and traffic control systems that will reduce accidents and congestion. The millimeter-wave (mmWave) band shows great promise to enable the high-data-rate links that are required or at least beneficial for such systems. To design such systems, we first need a detailed understanding of the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2X) propagation channels. This paper provides a systematic account of a series of measurement campaigns for such channels, conducted by the four research institutions of the authors over the past year. After a description of the similarities and differences of the channel sounders used in the campaigns, a description of the measurements in two European and one American city is given, and the scenarios of convoy, opposite-lane passing, and overtaking, are described. This is then followed by key results, presenting both sample results of power delay profiles and delay Doppler (or angular) spectra, as well as the statistical description such as delay spread and size of stationarity region. We also discuss the availability of spatial diversity in V2I connections and the correlation of the channels between different frequency bands.

Deformation analysis is a complex procedure where, based on several periodic geodetic measurements, displacements of points in the geodetic network are detected and determined. On this basis, movements and deformations of the built and natural environment are detected. The article discusses the Squared Msplit estimation, an extension of the maximum likelihood method, which is one of the procedures used in deformation analysis. The equations of the Squared Msplit estimation are derived and the method is presented on 2D geodetic network case study. The effectiveness of the presented method is compared with the results of other deformation analysis approaches performed with the same numerical example. The results obtained using the Squared Msplit estimation slightly differ from the simulated values, with the maximum discrepancy being 11.5 mm at unstable points and 10.4 mm at stable points, which are satisfactory results. The findings indicate that the Squared Msplit estimation provides results comparable to other methods. Therefore, it is considered suitable for deformation analysis and can be regarded as one of the applicable procedures in this field.

A voltage-controlled pulsed current source (VCPCS) capable of generating current pulses with four different waveforms in the time domain is presented in this article. These waveforms are the following: hyperbolic waveform in time domain (HWTD), squared HWTD (SHWTD), quasi-Dirac delta function (QDDF) based on HWTD, and QDDF based on SHWTD. The QDDF is treated as a generalized function (GF) whose limit value leads to the required shape. The controllability of the shapes and frequency of the current pulses is provided by adjustment of the parameters of saw-tooth and triangle control voltages. The design of the proposed VCPCS can be implemented in a standard CMOS technology. However, it has been prototyped here first using discrete off-the-shelf components mounted on a printed circuit board with a single supply voltage of 3.3 V. Measured results confirm the predictions of the analysis performed. Specifically, the measured ratio of the largest and the smallest HWTD current is 7.6 times larger than that in the state-of-the-art, for the same supply voltage, which is of particular importance in optical quantum random number generators (OQRNGs).

Food sovereignty is the human right to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and the right of people to define their own food and agriculture systems. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. In contrast to food security, which focuses on ensuring that enough food is available, food sovereignty emphasizes control over food production and distribution by local communities. Shifting the focus from food security to food sovereignty essentially represents a reconnection between nature, food, and people. The right to seeds is at the basis of each community’s food sovereignty, what is possible to achieve only in the system of farmers’ seeds. Farmer seed systems are a critical contribution to food sovereignty and farmers’ rights. For over 10.000 years, people have freely saved, selected, exchanged, and sold seeds, using and reusing them for sowing and food production. The farmers’ seed system is defined by the long-standing continuous renewal and free distribution of seeds and knowledge among people. Seeds are gifted, shared, or traded in informal and formal markets. These seeds are more resilient to climate change, pests, and pathogens, and they also ensure a more diverse food system and a dynamic global ecosystem. Today, farmers’ rights to seeds, crucial for their survival, are seriously threatened and are in decline worldwide. These seed systems are undermined by inadequate legislation and insufficient support from governments and public research, primarily as the result of a protected seed market based fundamentally on intellectual property rights and trade agreements. Farmers’ seed systems are vital for preservation of plant genetic diversity of all agricultural crops. It is increasingly expected that global climate change, combined with other factors, will significantly alter this agricultural biodiversity. Broad efforts will be needed to help reduce the climate vulnerability of current agricultural production systems and building more resilient and adaptive agroecosystems. The farmers’ seed system and the associated traditional agricultural practices are key factors for adaptation.

The hexacyclic system graph Fn is the graph derived from a linear hexagonal chain Ln with n > 1 hexagons by identifying two pairs of ends of Ln. The M¨obious hexacyclic system graph Mn is the graph derived from a linear hexagonal chain Ln with n > 1 hexagons by identifying two pairs of ends of Ln with a twist. In this paper, we compute, in a closed form, the resolvent energy, the Laplacian and the signless Laplacian resolvent energy, as well as the resolvent Estrada index and the resolvent signless Estrada index of Fn and Mn. All five indices are expressed as a rational function in the number n of hexagons, defined in terms of Chebyshev polynomials of the first and the second kind. Those expressions allow for a fast numerical computation of indices and for deducing sharp bounds on their growth.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic condition of reduced blood flow through the arteries. Early detection and prevention of PAD, especially in at-risk populations, is crucial to reducing morbidity and mortality. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the clinical feasibility of vascular ultrasound screening for early detection of PAD, as well as potential financial savings through preventive measures. Methods: The study was conducted as a prospectively designed cross-sectional study with retrospective sample analysis, in which the sample consisted of 826 patients over 60 years of age, of both sexes, divided into two groups, conducted from January 2023 to May 2024. Results: The study included 826 patients aged 60 and over, divided into two groups after ultrasound examination of the arteries (Group A with atherosclerosis /63.8%/; Group B - without atherosclerosis /36.2%/). The average age was 65.44±5.9 years, 60-65 years was 64.3%, and over 65 years was 35.7%. A statistically significant difference was recorded between the analyzed groups in terms of comorbidities and risk factors. We found that age, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking and chronic obstructive disease have a significant relationship with the degree of atherosclerosis. Multivariate analysis showed that the age of the subjects, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and smoking are significant predictors of atherosclerosis. The prevalence for hemodynamically significant stenosis of ACI/ACC was 5.0%, for peripheral arteries 4.2%, the prevalence of aneurysm abdominal aorta (>3 cm) was 2.3%, and 0.5% for diameter >5 cm. Conclusion: The results show the high efficiency of ultrasound diagnostics in identifying asymptomatic patients with advanced atherosclerosis, emphasizing the need for better organization of preventive programs, which could lead to potential savings in healthcare costs through earlier detection and treatment.

Background: In recent years, research efforts have focused on understanding virtual environments and the importance of collaboration in such environments. The spread of remote working, exacerbated by the global pandemic and changing workforce dynamics, has meant that organizations are increasingly reliant on dispersed teams. Building trust in virtual teams is paramount to fostering effective collaboration, and achieving common goals. Trust reduces uncertainty, promotes collaboration and facilitates open communication between team members. Building trust in virtual contexts is challenging due to limited face-to-face interactions. In addition, knowledge sharing plays a crucial role in improving team effectiveness by enabling information sharing and problem solving. The lack of physical proximity in virtual environments is a barrier to spontaneous knowledge sharing and highlights the critical need for a culture that encourages knowledge sharing. Methodology: This study highlights the importance of cultivating a supportive virtual environment, ensuring psychological safety and utilizing technical platforms to facilitate information sharing. Quantitative data and survey methods are used to explore the integral impact of trust, knowledge sharing, collaboration, and team effectiveness. Findings and Conclusions: The results of this study contribute to the existing literature on virtual teamwork by highlighting techniques and practices that improve team performance. The finding that trust and information sharing play a central role in virtual teams can help organizations develop effective virtual work policies, design appropriate training programs, and select suitable collaboration platforms. Limitations and Future Research: While the study provides valuable insights, the generalizability of the findings to other contexts is limited by the restriction to a single sample. Replicating the study in different organizational contexts would improve the robustness of the results. Furthermore, the cross-sectional nature of the study limits the possibility of proving causality. Future research efforts could use longitudinal studies to examine the complex relationships between trust, teamwork, collaboration, and knowledge sharing over time.

The paper is concerned with hexacyclic systems (Fn) and their M¨obius counterparts (Mn). Continuing the studies in MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 94 (2025) 477, the characteristic polynomial and the eigenvalues of the Sombor matrix of Fn and Mn, and the respective Sombor energies are determined. Upper and lower bounds for the Sombor energy in terms of the number of hexagons are also obtained.