This letter presents simple analytical expressions for the spatial and temporal correlation functions in channels with von Mises-Fisher scattering. In contrast to previous results, the expressions presented here are exact and based only on elementary functions, clearly revealing the impact of the underlying scattering parameters. The derived results are validated by a comparison against numerical integration, where an exact match is observed. To demonstrate their utility, the presented results are used to analyze spatial correlation across different antenna array geometries and to investigate the temporal correlation of a fluctuating radar signal from a moving target.

This letter presents an analytical analysis of the Doppler spectrum in von Mises-Fisher (vMF) scattering channels. A simple closed-form expression for the Doppler spectrum is derived and used to investigate the impact of the vMF scattering parameters, i.e., the mean direction and the degree of concentration of scatterers. The spectrum is observed to exhibit exponential behavior for mobile antenna motion parallel to the mean direction of scatterers, while conforming to a Gaussian-like shape for the perpendicular motion. The validity of the obtained results is verified by comparison against the results of Monte Carlo simulations, where an exact match is observed.

The no‐reflow phenomenon is a potential contributor to poor outcome despite successful thrombectomy. There are multiple proposed imaging‐based definitions of no‐reflow leading to wide variations in reported prevalence. We investigated the agreement between existing imaging definitions and compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients identified as having no‐reflow.

Cooperative connected automated mobility depends on sensing and wireless communication functions. With increasing carrier frequency both functions can be realized with the same hardware, however, the attenuation of radio signals increases quadratically with the carrier frequency. Hence, link setup becomes challenging in vehicular scenarios due to the required beam finding process. In this paper we investigate the multipath components of the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) radio channel in three frequency bands with center frequencies of 3.2 GHz, 34.3 GHz and 62.35 GHz using measurement data with 155.5 MHz bandwidth and a sounding repetition rate of $31.25 \mu \mathrm{~s}$. The channel impulse responses are collected simultaneously at all three carrier frequencies. Using the high temporal sampling rate we apply the CLEAN algorithm, enabling the estimation of the weight, delay and Doppler frequency of multipath components. By analyzing the collinearity of the Doppler normalized scattering function between the frequency bands we found that the collinearity between the 3.2 GHz and 34.3 GHz band as well as between the 3.2 GHz and 62.35 GHz is smaller in the non-line of sight (NLOS) region but increases for the line-of-sight (LOS).

Abstract The variability of phenolic compounds among grape varieties has an important role in selecting winemaking techniques, but the use of phenolic profiles for quality control is still fragmented and incomplete. Given the recent climate change and global warming, biochemical characterisation of secondary metabolites in autochthonous grape varieties is a very important factor for their preservation and sustainable agriculture. Two autochthonous grape varieties from the western Herzegovina region in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been selected for the research targeting at the evaluation of their phenolic profiles, antioxidant activities, and the correlation with oxidoreductase enzymes polyphenol oxidase and Class III peroxidase, in different berry tissues. The obtained results indicate a similar qualitative profile of phenolic compounds in exocarp and mesocarp in both varieties, but their concentrations and antioxidant activity vary significantly. The correlation between phenolic compounds and oxidoreductase enzyme activities in different grape berry tissues is discussed in this article. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

In this study, we develop an in silico model of a neuron’s behaviour under demyelination caused by a cytokine storm to investigate the effects of viral infections in the brain. We use a comprehensive model to measure how cytokine-induced demyelination affects the propagation of action potential (AP) signals within a neuron. We analysed the effects of neuron-neuron communications by applying information and communication theory at different levels of demyelination. Our simulations demonstrate that virus-induced degeneration can play a role in the signal power and spiking rate, which compromise the propagation and processing of information between neurons. We propose a transfer function to model the weakening effects on the AP. Our results show that demyelination induced by a cytokine storm not only degrades the signal but also impairs its propagation within the axon. Our proposed in silico model can analyse virus-induced neurodegeneration and enhance our understanding of virus-induced demyelination.

Neurological impairment disorders in fetuses, such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder, can arise from numerous factors impacting the development of the fetal nervous system. Although diagnosing these disorders early is difficult, it is essential for prompt intervention. Recent progress in deep learning and ultrasound technology offers the potential to create a tool for early detection. Development of the TRUEAID system is based on combining the meticulously tuned Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test (KANET) with a sophisticated convolutional neural network for construction of an AI empowered ultrasound module capable of automated diagnostic decision support in the field of fetal neurodevelopmental risk assessment. The model's performance was evaluated using accuracy metrics, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and Mathesson Correlation Coefficient (MCC). The custom CNN architecture achieved an overall accuracy of 93.83%. This pilot study lays the foundation for AI-based fetal neurobehavioral assessment, providing a promising tool for the early detection of fetal neurological impairment disorders. The research holds implications for improving outcomes for affected children and making advanced diagnostic capabilities accessible in diverse healthcare settings.

Aim: During the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many countries reported a significant decrease in the prevalence of influenza virus cases. The study aimed to characterize the flu seasons from 2018 to 2023 in Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), and to assess the possible impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the influenza A and B virus circulation.  Methods: The CDC Human Influenza Virus Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panels were used for the detection of influenza virus A and B, and subtyping of influenza virus A (H1pdm09 virus and H3). The data for this regis-try-based retrospective study were collected at the Clinical Centre of the University of Sarajevo, Unit for Clinical Microbiology (the laboratory that acts as a referral for the detection and characterization of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 in Federation B&H). Results: In the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, an equal percentage of positive cases was recorded (148/410; 36%, and 182/504; 36%, respectively). The absence of the influenza virus was observed in 2020/2021. During 2021/2022, influenza virus was detected among 19/104 (18%) patients and slightly increased in 2022/2023 (45/269; 17%). The switch of the influenza B virus lineage was observed. Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 virus had an impact on the prevalence of influenza virus infection among the population of the Sarajevo Canton, B&H. Since the interactions between these two viruses are not entirely clear, awareness of a possible threat to public health is crucial.

Objective To evaluate the systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stratified by systemic inflammatory status. Methods Seropositive patients with RA (n=58) were divided into two groups based on serum hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels: RA patients with hs-CRP levels of at or 3 mg/L or above (high systemic inflammatory status; n=38) and RA patients with hs-CRP levels of less than 3 mg/L (low systemic inflammatory status; n=20). The control group comprised 31 healthy individuals. Blood samples were tested for the next parameters: leukocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes [platelet (PLT)], high-sensitivity hs-CRP, sed rate [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)], neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). The SII index was derived as Neu x PLT/Lym. Results In patients with RA, the SII index was elevated compared with that of healthy individuals and positively correlated with hs-CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, NLR, MLR, PLR, tender joint count, and swollen-to-tender joint count ratio. Patients with RA who had hs-CRP levels of 3 mg/L above exhibited a statistically significant increase in the SII compared with those with hs-CRP levels below 3 mg/L. Additionally, within the cohort of RA patients with hs-CRP levels at or above 3 mg/L, a positive correlation was found between the SII index and both NLR and PLR. The SII index was positively correlated with NLR, MLR, and PLR in RA patients with hs-CRP levels below 3 mg/L. The cut-off point of the SII index for distinguishing between RA cases with hs-CRP levels 3 mg/L and those with hs-CRP levels 3 mg/L or higher was ≥323.4, with a sensitivity of 77.6% and a specificity of 54.8%. Conclusions The serum SII index can be a potentially useful marker for evaluating the inflammatory process and clinical progression of RA.

AIM To evaluate the clinical impact of corticosteroids (CS) overuse in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Excessive use of CS could delay more efficacious treatment and may indicate poor quality of care. METHOD This is a two-phase study that used Steroid Assessment Tool (SAT) to measure corticosteroid exposure in IBD patients. In the first phase, data from 211 consecutive ambulatory patients with IBD (91 with ulcerative colitis, 115 with Crohn's disease, and five with unclassified inflammatory bowel disease) were analysed by SAT. In the second phase, one year after data entry, clinical outcome of patients with corticosteroids overuse was analysed. RESULTS Of the 211 IBD patients, 132 (62%) were not on corticosteroids, 45 (22%) were corticosteroid-dependent, and 34 (16%) used corticosteroids appropriately, according to the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization guidelines. In the group of patients with ulcerative colitis, 57 (63%) were not on corticosteroids, 18 (20%) were corticosteroid-dependent, and 16 (16%) used corticosteroids appropriately; in the group of patients with Crohn's disease 70 (61%), 27 (23%) and 18 (16%), respectively. Overall, 24 (out of 45; 53%) patients with IBD could avoid the overuse of corticosteroids if they had a timely change of the treatment, surgery, or entered a clinical trial. CONCLUSION An excessive corticosteroid use can be recognized on time using the SAT. We have proven that excessive corticosteroid use could be avoided in almost half of cases and thus the overuse of CS may indicate poor quality of care in those patients.

AIM To determine the normative range of ultrasound dimensions for the liver, spleen and kidneys in healthy children according to gender, age, body measurements, body surface area (BSA), and the influence of ethnicity on organ size. METHODS The prospective study included children, ranging from full-term neonates to children aged 15, with normal ultrasonographic (US) findings of the liver, spleen and kidney and no clinical evidence of a disease. Gender, age, as well as body measurements and BSA, were determined for each child along with US measurements, and normative ranges were established. RESULTS US images of the liver and spleen from 372 children and 366 US images of kidneys of 366 children were included. US measurements of the liver, spleen and kidney correlated well with gender, age, body weight and height, and often differed to a greater or lesser extent from the normal range of measurements (5th to 95th percentile) reported in other studies. CONCLUSION Our results differed slightly from other reports conducted in Europe, but larger differences compared to measurements performed on children on other continents were found. Thus, our study confirmed that ethnically appropriate and modern tables of normal ultrasound dimensions for the liver, spleen and kidneys should be used, and that the national nomogram is justified.

Aim: To investigate out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) trend, provided advanced life support (ALS) measures, automated external defibrillator (AEDs) utilization and by-standers involvement in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during OHCA incidents. Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed data pertaining to all OHCA incidents attended to by the Emergency Medical Service of Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, covering the period from January 2018 to December 2022. Results: Among a total of 1131 OHCA events, 236 (20.8 %) patients achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC); there were 175 (74.1%) males and 61 (25.9%) females. The OHCA incidence was 54/100.000 inhabitants per year. After a 30-day period post-ROSC, 146 (61.9%) patients fully recovered, while 90 (38.1%) did not survive during this timeframe. Younger age (p<0.05), initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) (p<0.05) and faster emergency medical team (EMT) response time (p<0.05) were significantly associated with obtaining ROSC. Only 38 (3.3%) OHCA events were assisted by bystanders, who were mostly medical professionals, 25 (65.7%), followed by close family members, 13 (34.3%). There was no report of AED usage. Conclusion: This follow-up study showed less ROSC achievement, similar bystanders’ involvement, similar factors associated with achieving ROSC (age, EMT response time) and a decline in OHCA events (especially in year 2021 and 2022) comparing to our previous study (2015-2019). There was an extremely low rate of bystander engagement and no AEDs usage. Governments and health organizations must swiftly improve public awareness, promote better practice (basic life support), and actively encourage bystander participation.

Chylothorax represents the accumulation of chyle in the pleural cavity due to leakage from the thoracic duct or its tributaries. Intraoperative intrathoracic lymphatic injury is a common cause, but it can also occur on its own. Management of chylothorax involves both medical therapy and, in some cases, surgery for postoperative patients and those who haven't responded to medical therapy. We describe a case of a one-month-old female infant with right-sided chylothorax following primary esophageal atresia repair, who underwent successful thoracic duct ligation by open thoracotomy after unsuccessful medical treatment. Minimally invasive radiology is now the standard treatment for traumatic chylothorax because it is safe and effective. However, surgical ligation of the thoracic duct remains an effective option for treating high-output or recurring chylothorax in countries with limited resources.

Introduction: Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a severe type characterized by forming new blood vessels on the iris and the anterior chamber angle, often resulting from ischemic retinal diseases. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is a standard surgical procedure for treating various retinal and vitreous conditions. Understanding the risk factors associated with NVG development following PPV is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Objective: To identify and evaluate demographic, clinical, and surgical risk factors associated with developing NVG following PPV. Patients and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted over two years, involving 60 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (31 males and 29 females; mean age 60.48±9.63 years) who underwent PPV at the Eye Clinic and Department of Clinical Immunology, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Patients were thoroughly informed about the study, and written informed consent was obtained. Comprehensive data collection included demographic information, medical history, preoperative and postoperative eye examinations, and intraoperative details. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21 (Released 2012; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results: Within 12 months postoperatively, 17 patients (28.3%) developed NVG. Significant preoperative risk factors for NVG included prolonged duration of T2DM (p=0.037), elevated preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) (p=0.024), and higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p=0.011). Intraoperative factors, such as sharp dissection (p=0.000) and operative complications (p=0.004), were also significantly associated with NVG development. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified prolonged T2DM duration (OR 1.132, p=0.023), increased preoperative IOP (OR 1.192, p=0.029), elevated VEGF levels (OR 1.002, p=0.016), and intraoperative sharp dissection (OR 0.114, p=0.006) as independent risk factors. Conclusions: Multiple preoperative and intraoperative factors influence the development of NVG post-PPV. Prolonged T2DM duration, elevated preoperative IOP, high VEGF levels, and specific intraoperative techniques significantly increase the risk of NVG. These findings underscore the importance of careful preoperative assessment and tailored intraoperative strategies to mitigate NVG risk in PPV patients.