Project management is one of the most challenging jobs in any organization, as it requires a broad understanding of the various areas that must be coordinated. Over the past few decades, a number of studies have emerged on the correlation between project managers’ and project teams members’ competencies and project success. To improve project success, the organizations have to consider various skills such as communication (internal and external), effective control and monitoring, effective planning, ability to manage risk, etc, and their significance and the role in the project success. The aim of this paper is to use Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis in order to analyze contextual interrelationships among the identified skills, divided into clusters, to develop structural relationship among these skills and to classify factors based on their driver and dependence power and their mutual relationships.

The efficient functioning of the repo market and repo operations is of essential importance for the financial stability and monetary policy of the country, but on the other hand, excessive use of the repo market can affect the increase of systemic risk, which was demonstrated during the recent financial crisis. The main goal of this research is to investigate the scientific and professional literature in the field of repo transactions, and to analyze the development of repo transactions on the EU market, as well as the current level of development of repo transactions on the financial market in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the stability of repo transactions for commercial banks and other participants in order to maintain liquidity on the repo market.

This paper analyzes possible approaches and directions for the subsequent alignment of the legal framework for consumer protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina with EU acquis after the adoption of the Consumer Protection Law of BiH in 2006, in which most of the implemented directives have undergone significant changes to date, with some even being repealed with the adoption of entirely new consumer directives aimed at modernizing the existing structures of EU secondary consumer law. The chronic inconsistency of consumer law in Bosnia and Herzegovina, compared to the EU’s secondary consumer law, negatively affects the current level of protection for the rights and obligations of consumers and traders in consumer contracts within the single economic area of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this context, the trade of goods with a digital element and digital services in the EU’s single digital market requires completely different approaches to the affirmation and development of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s digital market, with the aim of ensuring a high and unified level of consumer protection, as well as creating a legal and institutional infrastructure that will enable more effective implementation of consumer policies and the use of entirely new legal instruments in resolving consumer disputes.“ The objectives of this study are focused on analyzing the current legal framework for consumer protection in BiH, which needs to be amended and aligned with EU secondary consumer law through the implementation of newly adopted consumer directives. These directives introduce entirely new legal concepts, methods of contract formation, types of consumer contracts, and ways to protect consumer rights, which also implies presenting appropriate proposals for legislative interventions and improving the existing legal framework for consumer protection in the BiH market, and its further alignment with the EU acquis in fulfilling the obligations arising from the Stabilization and Association Agreement between BiH and the EU.

The objectives of this study are focused on a comparative legal analysis of the importance of achieving consistency between the legal, tax and accounting qualifications of financial leasing transactions within the economic and legal system of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), as well as offering an assessment of the potential of transposing different economic-legal concepts and the development of relevant practices based on examples from Germany, England, and the USA. The issue of congruence between civil law and tax qualifications of financial leasing transactions presents a significant challenge in providing consistent answers for national economic systems, both of continental and common law traditions. Furthermore, the civil law qualifications of financial leasing transactions in B&H are not complementary with the qualifications adopted in national and relevant international accounting standards (IAS 17 and FASB 13). Some national accounting frameworks do not recognize leasing capitalization criteria at all, while others wrongly classify most leasing transactions under the treatment for operating leases. This opens up broad opportunities for the development of undesirable practices, such as the disappearance of financial leasing assets from the lessee’s balance sheet, as well as the duplication of leasing assets in the balance sheets of both the lessor and the lessee. The answers to the questions raised in this paper are of multiple importance for achieving a more creative development of the leasing industry in B&H and formulating appropriate proposals for improvements based on the results of the comparative legal analysis of the reference examples from Germany, England and the USA.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of non-conventional techniques in extracting phenolic compounds from tobacco agro-industrial waste. Two fractions of tobacco waste obtained from Virovitički Duhani dd (solid waste and dust) were subjected to ultrasound and subcritical water in a wide temperature range, treatment times and various liquid-solid ratios to determine the changes in the content of phenolic compounds and antiradical activity. Analysis of extracts was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric methods. Results showed that UAE is preferable in phenolic compound separation. In contrast, phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid and rutin) were degraded during SWE, which may have increased the amount of undesirable breakdown products or beneficial simple phenolic compounds.

Cytokines are polypeptides or glycopeptides involved in intercellular communication, functioning as key mediators alongside hormones and neurotransmitters. Acting through specific receptors, cytokines regulate gene activation, influencing cellular function and phenotype. Their activity is modulated by inhibitors that control biological effects and cellular responses. Classified based on function, cytokines include growth factors, proinflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 play a crucial role in inflammation, mediating immune responses, fever, and metabolic changes. They induce leukocyte activation, protein catabolism, and alterations in endocrine function, contributing to immune regulation and systemic effects. Additionally, cytokines influence metabolism by modulating nutrient absorption, energy balance, and acute-phase protein synthesis. This review highlights the fundamental properties, classification, and biological effects of cytokines, emphasizing their central role in immune function, metabolism, and inflammation. Understanding cytokine interactions is essential for developing therapeutic strategies targeting immune and inflammatory disorders.

Electron beam radiotherapy is a teletherapy technique utilizing megavoltage electron beams produced by a linear accelerator. These electrons interact with tissue, reaching their maximum dose at shallow depths and rapidly decreasing beyond the target area, minimizing radiation exposure to distal tissues and organs. The clinical application of high-energy electron beams (up to 20 MeV) allows for effective treatment of superficial tumors while preserving deeper healthy tissues. Due to these advantages, electron beam therapy plays a crucial role in both human and veterinary oncology. In veterinary oncology, radiotherapy has become an essential modality for tumor treatment, with two primary techniques: teletherapy and brachytherapy. Teletherapy, including electron beam radiation, is the most commonly used approach in veterinary radiotherapy, offering significant advantages in treating superficial tumors while minimizing radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. Recent studies highlight the growing role of electron beam therapy in the management of tumors in dogs and cats, particularly for oral tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, mast cell tumors, nasal carcinomas, and brain tumors. Additionally, hypofractionated radiation protocols (8–10 Gy per fraction, with total doses of 16–30 Gy) have been explored for palliative treatment in companion animals with short life expectancy, where the risk of late radiation side effects is low. This technique provides symptom relief and improves the quality of life for affected animals. Despite advancements in veterinary radiotherapy, treatment outcomes depend on factors such as total radiation dose, fractionation schedule, and tumor type. While electron beam radiotherapy has demonstrated efficacy in various oncological applications, further studies are needed to optimize treatment protocols and enhance long-term tumor control while minimizing adverse effects.

Background: Medical deontology rests on two of its pillars. One is medical ethics, and the other is medical law, i.e. legal regulations that regulate work on health protection and improvement. Ethics is of exceptional importance for medicine, due to the specificity of its calling. Objective: The aim of this article was to explaine the role of medical ethics and medical right in the healthcare professional praxis. Methods: The author used important scientific and professional literature regarding medical deontology, medical ethics and medical low published in the books, monographs and papers deposited in the scientific indexed databases PubMed Central, HINARI, Embase, etc. Results and Discussion: The specificity stems, first of all, from the fact that medicine deals with human life and health, which, in itself, carries a great responsibility. The relationships established between medical professionals and patients are also specific. In this relationship, the patient is in a subordinate and dependent position, which creates preconditions for his abuse. Due to the nature of the work, it is difficult to establish external supervision or control in order to prevent these abuses. This in turn emphasizes the importance of internal supervision and control with the help of medical ethics. Medical ethics sensitizes medical professionals to problems of an ethical nature and helps them recognize and solve them. Medical ethics is, in fact, a set of principles or rules of conduct that a medical professional must follow when making decisions about what is right and wrong, what is permitted and prohibited, what is good and bad for the patient, but also for the community. Making these decisions is often not easy. Conclusion: There are ethical principles that can conflict, which leads to ethical dilemmas, which are sometimes difficult to resolve. Take, for example, the obligation of a doctor to take into account the interests of the patient and to maintain his medical confidentiality. At the same time, however, he must also take care of the interests of the community or other persons. There are cases when the health, and even the lives of those other persons, could be endangered without revealing the medical confidentiality. Medical ethics helps resolve such and similar dilemmas.

Background: During the last ten years, there has been a dysplosis in the development of digital libraries, which have taken precedence over classical libraries. Objective: With this article, we want to make a kind of comparison of classic and digital libraries, with a description of the pros and cons of both, so we can easily see their advantages and disadvantages. Methods: Authors used as source published papers deposited in indexed databases like PMC, MEDLINE, HINARI, etc. regardsing to appropriate facts about classic and digital libraries in Bosnia and Herzegovina and wordwide. Results and Discussion: Libraries, even a scientific one, must have professionally trained staff and an appropriate technological infrastructure, the main component of which is the Library Information System (BIS). It is a phrase that refers to an integrated library system, which consists of online databases, digital libraries, electronic books, magazines and various multimedia formats on which information sources are stored (hard disks, CDs, USB sticks, DVDs, etc.). In the past, libraries tended to develop means or instruments that would enable access to documentary resources on the spot, i.e. in the library itself - through the catalog. Later, a lot of effort was invested in the development of an automatic version of these local tools - by creating an online catalog for accessing data about library resources from a distance, such as, for example, (www.cobiss.ba) maintained by the National and University Library in Sarajevo (www.nub.ba) with members of the Virtual Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ViBBIH) consortium. Thanks to information technology, libraries were able to automate their many functions such as: acquisition, loan, material processing and other work procedures that were previously performed manually. The publishing production of databases has enabled libraries to offer users, through free access or licensing, access to the most diverse contents, Conclusion: Thus, digital libraries have numerous advantages, they are organizations that offer resources for use, include professional staff that select, organize, provide intellectual access, explain, distribute, preserve the integrity and ensure the durability of collections of digital works in such a way that they are ready and economically available for use by one or more communities. However, time steps on us every day, and so does technology, and new inventions, computers, cell phones, so I believe that we should not ignore the beauty when we pick up a book and read it. The historical value of books should not be neglected, both for our sake and for the sake of future generations.

Background: Whatever is done should be systematic, meaning to have an established system of steps from the beginning to the end of the action. Systematicity is especially important in writing a scientific research paper, because the more complex is the topic, the easier it is to make an error. In order to minimize the possibility of errors, many have proposed various mechanisms of systematicity in the form of steps. Objective: The aim and topic of this article is to describe the system of steps in writing a scientific research paper from the birth of an idea, to the publication and presentation of a scientific paper, and to present a scientific research paper as accessible, suitable for work and perhaps even as enjoyment for scientists. Methods: The author used appropriate and relevant sources - books, monographs, published articles, proceedings from the scientific conferences about preparing, publishing, and printing scientific papers which are deposited in the most influential indexed databases in the fields of science editing. Results and Discussion: Scientific research work is of great importance in the development of science, and is one of the key links in the education system, it is part of the culture of the individual and the nation, it contributes to the development of the individual and the community, and it is one of the sources of knowledge. The systematicity of writing a scientific research paper can be broken down into several parts: the scientist preparation, the preparation of the material, the performance of the action, the statistical analysis and interpretation of the data obtained from the research and their final analysis and interpretation for the purposes of publication in scientific and professional journals. The scientist preparation includes the scientist's intention, with which everything begins and which is ultimately an important measure of the quality of the work. At this stage, the scientist should not be affected by the „publish or parish“ syndrome, vanity or the desire for fame, because in these cases he may resort to means of intellectual dishonesty in research and lose honor and reputation. With the view that the works are evaluated and toward the end, we must not neglect the rest of the steps in the creation of scientific research work. Through the preparation of the material, online databases are described, which are a source of important information for anyone who wants to be involved in scientific research. Conclusion: In the step of performing the action, the very act of writing a scientific research paper, its structuring and the rules to be followed when writing the paper are described. The method of publishing the work is also described, as well as guides on how to present the work so that the message sent reaches the audience. By knowing all the steps of creating a scientific research paper, it becomes tempting and accessible to write and publish quality and practically applicable papers.

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: diatom alga Achnanthidium rosenstockii, bryoparasitic fungi Arrhenia retiruga and Arrhenia spathulata, saprotrophic fungi Coccomyces dentatus and Hysterobrevium mori, liverworts Lunularia cruciata and Pallavicinia lyellii, fern Salvinia natans, monocots Eleocharis carniolica and Pseudorchis albida and dicots Biscutella laevigata, Fumana arabica, Hieracium ferdinandi-coburgii, Impatiens balfourii, and Onosma pseudoarenaria subsp. fallax