We give a new proof of the best presently known error term in the prime geodesic theorem for compact Riemann surfaces, without the assumption of excluding a set of finite logarithmic measure. Stronger implications of the Gallagher-Koyama approach are derived yielding to a further reduction of the error term outside a set of finite logarithmic measure.

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a eficacia da sistematizacao da assistencia de enfermagem na prevencao, promocao, recuperacao e reabilitacao da saude do paciente, na percepcao do enfermeiro. O estudo e qualitativo, descritivo e exploratorio com base na Teoria das Representacoes Sociais, seguindo as diretrizes do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A amostra foi composta por 100 enfermeiros de dois hospitais do estado de Sao Paulo, que responderam a um questionario elaborado pelos pesquisadores, com cinco questoes para caracterizacao sociodemografica dos participantes e uma referente ao objetivo principal, como questao norteadora.. Os enfermeiros que consideraram a sistematizacao eficaz expressaram ideias centrais categorizadas em: “Processo”; “Documento”; “Holistico”; “Sim, segundo plano” e “Sim, falta comprometimento”. Os que nao consideraram a sistematizacao eficaz expressaram ideias centrais como “Nao, falta colaborador”; “Nao e eficaz”; “Nao, falta conhecimento”; “Nao, e burocratica”; “Nao tem valor”; “Nao, falta comprometimento”; “Nao, segundo plano” e “Cultural”. Observou-se variacao na opiniao dos enfermeiros assistenciais, desde aqueles que consideram a sistematizacao efetiva como os que a reconhecem como ineficaz. Mas mesmo os que a consideram eficaz destacam aspectos necessarios para sua melhoria, como recursos administrativos e humanos.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three Lactobacillus plantarum strains on in-vivo small intestinal barrier function and gut mucosal gene transcription in human subjects. The strains were selected for their differential effects on TLR signalling and tight junction protein rearrangement, which may lead to beneficial effects in a stressed human gut mucosa. Ten healthy volunteers participated in four different intervention periods: 7-day oral intake of either L. plantarum WCFS1, CIP104448, TIFN101 or placebo, proceeded by a 4 weeks wash-out period. Lactulose-rhamnose ratio (an indicator of small intestinal permeability) increased after intake of indomethacin, which was given as an artificial stressor of the gut mucosal barrier (mean ratio 0.06 ± 0.04 to 0.10 ± 0.06, p = 0.001), but was not significantly affected by the bacterial interventions. However, analysis in small intestinal biopsies, obtained by gastroduodenoscopy, demonstrated that particularly L. plantarum TIFN101 modulated gene transcription pathways related to cell-cell adhesion with high turnover of genes involved in tight- and adhesion junction protein synthesis and degradation (e.g. actinin alpha-4, metalloproteinase-2). These effects were less pronounced for L. plantarum WCFS1 and CIP104448. In conclusion, L. plantarum TIFN101 induced the most pronounced probiotic properties with specific gene transcriptional effects on repair processes in the compromised intestine of healthy subjects.