This review assesses the burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), aiming to inform strategies for prevention and early detection. Despite the availability of highly effective HPV vaccines and screening programs, HPV-related cancers remain a significant public health burden worldwide. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and GLOBOCAN to identify all available data on HPV prevalence/genotype and HPV-related malignancies in BH, including information on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening. A comprehensive literature search revealed limited data on HPV prevalence and HPV-related cancers, as well as the absence of a national HPV vaccination or cervical cancer screening program in BH. In the largest study with available data from BH, HPV prevalence was 43% among women undergoing routine gynecologic exams. HPV-16 was identified as the most common cause of cervical cancer. The HPV prevalence was 50% in head and neck cancer, with HPV-18 being the most prevalent subtype. HPV was detected in 80% of patients with colorectal cancer, and HPV-16 was the most common subtype. Conclusions. HPV-related cancers, particularly cervical cancer, represent a significant public health problem in BH. Implementation of a national HPV vaccination program, along with organized cervical cancer screening is essential to reduce HPV-related morbidity and mortality. Addressing systemic challenges, such as establishing a comprehensive cancer registry, is essential for effective HPV prevention and control. Raising public awareness about HPV infection, its consequences, and the importance of prevention is essential for vaccine acceptance and promoting healthy behaviors. By investing in HPV prevention, BH can significantly improve the health and well-being of its population, particularly women.

In the era of exponentially expanding data, particularly driven by social media development, effective data management and query processing have become critical challenges in application development. Graph databases, such as Neo4j, JanusGraph, ArangoDB, and OrientDB, offer significant advantages for applications requiring intensive processing of interconnected data, including social networks and recommendation systems. In this work, we focus on Neo4j as a representative of graph databases and MySQL as a representative of relational SQL databases for clarity and precision in data representation. We begin by introducing fundamental optimization techniques specific to each type of database. Subsequently, we concentrate on an experimental and investigative analysis of query performance on Neo4j and MySQL databases using original datasets and structures under consideration. The findings reveal that SQL databases outperform simpler queries, whereas graph databases excel in handling complex structures with multiple relationships. Moreover, the complexity of composing queries becomes apparent when addressing territories requiring table mergers (or node and relationship manipulation in graph databases). We also evaluate related research in this area, which further demonstrates that integrating graph and relational databases effectively can lead to optimal data management solutions, while utilizing both types of databases may offer combined advantages depending on the application requirements.

A biocatalytic strategy for the preparation of a small library of compounds containing a quaternary chiral center is described. By applying halohydrin dehalogenases, four racemic 2,2-disubstituted epoxides were converted in the presence of four nucleophiles to 14 chiral products in yields of 21-47% with 74 to >99% ee. The obtained set of building blocks, which hold diverse functional groups, can be modified to form many high-value organic molecules for use in medicinal chemistry and other areas.

Research Objective: This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening Indonesia's presidential institution through the advancement of presidentialism and the refinement of its constitutional framework, while also exploring the historical development of presidential power within the country's political dynamics. Research Method: The research employed a qualitative approach, conducting a systematic analysis of existing literature, legal frameworks, and political practices. This analysis assessed the evolution of the presidential institution and its current operational context within Indonesia's constitutional system and democratic governance framework. Results: Identifying correlations between presidential authority and governance effectiveness as the institution has adapted to changing political landscapes and constitutional amendments. The study uncovers patterns of institutional evolution across various presidential administrations. Findings and Implications: The presidential institution is essential for effective governance, particularly in enhancing decision-making processes and ensuring political stability. The research demonstrates that a robust presidential system significantly improves policy implementation and government coherence, while also underscoring the need for constitutional improvements to establish appropriate inter-institutional checks and balances. Conclusion: A strong presidential system is vital for Indonesia to effectively address contemporary governance challenges and maintain national resilience. A well-balanced presidential authority within a democratic framework serves as a foundational element for political stability and effective governance in the modern era. Contribution: This study enhances scholarly understanding of presidentialism within Indonesia's constitutional context, offering analytical insights into how institutional design influences governance outcomes. Additionally, it contributes to constitutional theory by examining presidential power within frameworks of democratic consolidation. Limitations and Suggestions: The study is limited by a lack of empirical data regarding governance outcomes across different presidential administrations. Future research could benefit from comparative analyses of presidential systems in similar emerging democracies, as well as longitudinal studies on presidential effectiveness in specific policy areas

The coordination of vehicles is a crucial element of autonomous driving, as it enhances the efficiency, convenience, and safety of road traffic. In order to fully exploit the capabilities of such coordination, communication with high data rate and low latency is required. It can be reasonably argued that millimeter-wave (mm-wave) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) systems are capable of fulfilling the aforementioned requirements. Nevertheless, in order to develop a system that can be deployed in real-world scenarios and to gain an understanding of the various effects of mm-wave propagation, it is necessary to perform radio propagation measurements and to derive radio channel models from them across a range of scenarios and environments. To this end, we have conducted measurement campaigns at 60 GHz in a variety of situations, including driving in a convoy, driving in opposite direction on a six-lane road, and overtaking. These measurements employ a channel sounder based on ReRoMA, a recently introduced concept that enables the real-time measurement of dynamic double-directional radio channels. The evaluations presented herein encompass key channel parameters, including the path loss (path loss coefficient of approximately 1.9), the root mean square (RMS) delay spread (within a range of 5 ns to 110 ns), the angular spreads (in a range of 0.05 to 0.4), the power distribution among multipath components, and the channel stationarity time (multiple seconds).

Executive functions (EF) have been significantly correlated with many important participant characteristics, including education, behavior, and overall health. Assessing EF in children is particularly important, as doing so can help clinicians develop programs for EF remediation. However, there is a limited understanding of comprehensive performance-based EF assessment tools for children. Our goal in the present paper was to conduct a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the Yellow-Red test, a performance-based EF measure, in a Bosnian sample of early elementary school students. Specifically, our participants were 180 children aged 8–11 years (M age = 9.6 years, SD = 1), including 83 girls and 97 boys. The CFA showed that the data fit well with both a unidimensional model (global EF) and a two-dimensional EF model, comprised of (i) working memory and (ii) inhibition plus cognitive flexibility. A comparison of these two models showed that the two-factor model was a statistically better fit to this sample’s performance than the unidimensional model. These results suggest that EF in this age group can be viewed as both a single construct and a multi-factor construct (with at least two-factors). The Yellow-Red Test, with its engaging and cross-cultural research base, is a useful instrument for detecting EF dysfunction, and it can provide valuable insights for informing tailored interventions.

The coordination of vehicles is a crucial element of autonomous driving, as it enhances the efficiency, convenience, and safety of road traffic. In order to fully exploit the capabilities of such coordination, communication with high data rate and low latency is required. It can be reasonably argued that millimeter-wave (mm-wave) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) systems are capable of fulfilling the aforementioned requirements. Nevertheless, in order to develop a system that can be deployed in real-world scenarios and to gain an understanding of the various effects of mm-wave propagation, it is necessary to perform radio propagation measurements and to derive radio channel models from them across a range of scenarios and environments. To this end, we have conducted measurement campaigns at 60\,GHz in a variety of situations, including driving in a convoy, driving in opposite direction on a six-lane road, and overtaking. These measurements employ a channel sounder based on ReRoMA, a recently introduced concept that enables the real-time measurement of dynamic double-directional radio channels. The evaluations presented herein encompass key channel parameters, including the path loss (path loss coefficient of approximately 1.9), the root mean square (RMS) delay spread (within a range of 5\,ns to 110\,ns), the angular spreads (in a range of 0.05 to 0.4), the power distribution among multipath components, and the channel stationarity time (multiple seconds).

Objectives. Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) represent the most common type of nervous system injuries, resulting in 5 million injuries per year. Current gold standard, autografts, still carry several limitations, including the inappropriate type, size, and function matches in grafted nerves, lack of autologous donor sites, neuroma formation, and secondary surgery incisions. Polymeric nerve conduits, also known as nerve guides, can help overcome the aforementioned issues that limit nerve recovery and regeneration by reducing tissue fibrosis, misdirection of regenerating axons, and the inability to maintain long- distance axonal growth. Polymer-based double-walled microspheres (DWMSs) are designed to locally and in a sustainable fashion deliver bioactive agents. Lysozyme is a natural antimicrobial protein that shares similar physical and chemical properties to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, making it an ideal surrogate molecule to evaluate the release kinetics of encapsulated bioagent from polymeric biodegradable microspheres embedded in polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/polyurethane blend nerve conduits. Approach. Lysozyme was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(L-lactide) DWMSs fabricated through a modified water-oil-water emulsion solvent evaporation method. Lysozyme-loaded DWMS were further embedded in PCL and PCL-PU based nerve guides constructed via polymer dip-coating and electrospinning method respectively. Lysozyme DWMS and nerve guides were imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Released lysozyme concentration was determined by using a colorimetric micro-BCA protein assay and spectrophotometric quantitation. Tensile and suture pull-out tests were utilized to evaluate the mechanical properties of both dip-coated and electrospun nerve guides, embedded and free of lysozyme DWMS. Main results. The study revealed significant distinctions in the lysozyme release profiles, and mechanical properties of the manufactured polymer nerve guides. Both PCL dip-coated and PCL/PU electrospun DWMS-embedded nerve guides revealed biphasic protein release profiles. PCL/PU electrospun and PCL dip-coated nerve guides released 16% and 29% of the total protein concentration within 72 h, plateauing at week 16 and week 8, respectively. SEM analysis of the nerve guides confirmed the homogeneity and integrity of the polymer nerve guides’ structures. The electrospun guides were found to be more flexible with a higher extension under stress bending, while the dip-coated PCL nerve guides displayed more rigid behavior. Significance. This study provides useful insights on how to optimize nerve guide design and fabrication to enhance recovery progress of PNI.

This study explores an innovative method to enhance Directed Energy Deposition (DED) of aluminum 5356 products by integrating an electromagnetic vibration system into the DED setup. The application of vibrations significantly improved surface quality, reducing surface waviness and increasing building efficiency by 14%, from 78.5% to 92.25%.Gas porosity was reduced from 1.5 ± 0.04% in as-built (AB) components to 0.34 ± 0.07% in vibration-assisted (VA) parts. Tensile tests showed a marked reduction in anisotropy, with the tensile strength deviation between the x and z directions decreasing to less than 0.4% for vibration-assisted samples, compared to 7.9% for asbuilt ones. Additionally, secondary phase analysis revealed a homogenization effect, with magnesium- and iron-rich precipitates displaying a finer dispersion (3.57 ± 3.42 µm²) compared to 11.28 ± 12.49 µm² in as-built parts. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of vibration-assisted DED to improve part properties, reduce defects, and advance the DED manufacturing process.

Abstract Mental health is deteriorating quickly and significantly globally post-COVID. Though there were already over 1 billion people living with mental disorders pre-pandemic, in the first year of COVID-19 alone, the prevalence of anxiety and depression soared by 25% worldwide. In light of the chronic shortages of mental health provider and resources, along with disruptions of available health services caused by the pandemic and COVID-related restrictions, technology is widely believed to hold the key to addressing rising mental health crises. However, hurdles such as fragmented and often suboptimal patient protection measures substantially undermine technology’s potential to address the global mental health crises effectively, reliably, and at scale. To shed light on these issues, this paper aims to discuss the post-pandemic challenges and opportunities the global community could leverage to improve society’s mental health en masse.

Background and Objectives: Burden of cervical cancer in Central and Eastern Europe is higher than in other parts of Europe. We analyzed cervical cancer epidemiology in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska) from January 2016 to December 2020, exploring the role of available sociodemographic factors and healthcare service parameters on incidence and mortality rates, using an ecological approach based on aggregated data. Materials and Methods: Incidence and mortality rates are standardized using the method of direct standardization with the World-ASR-W. Administrative units are grouped by tertiles of incidence and mortality to explore sociodemographic factors and healthcare parameters across these groups. Results: Average age-standardized incidence rates of cervical cancer per 100,000 females were 19.28 in Serbia, 12.48 in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 22.44 in the Republic of Srpska. Mortality rates per 100,000 females were 6.67, 5.22, and 4.56 in Serbia, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Republic of Srpska, respectively. Several parameters of sociodemographics and health service usage differed significantly across units grouped by tertiles based on incidence level, i.e., female population ≥ 15 years old (p = 0.028), population density (p = 0.046), percent of gynecologists in the primary healthcare (p = 0.041), number of gynecologists per 10,000 females ≥ 15 years (p = 0.007), and the area-to-gynecologist ratio (p = 0.010). A moderate negative correlation was found between incidence and population density (rho = −0.465, p = 0.017), and a moderate positive correlation between incidence and area-to-gynecologist ratio (rho = 0.534, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer among women in developing countries. Implementing tailored activities, such as educational programs, preventive services, and investments in healthcare infrastructure, particularly at the administrative units’ level, can help in reducing health disparities and improving health outcomes.

The aim of the study was to elucidate predictors associated with the initial choice of vascular access (VA) type. The secondary aim was to determine the initial VA's median utilization time and the factors governing it. This prospective cohort study included 387 hemodialysis (HD) patients admitted to the Clinic for Hemodialysis, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, in consecutive order between January 2006 and December 2016. We selected the primary predictors for the initial VA type using a random forest algorithm. We further quantified factors governing the initial choice of VA: temporary catheters (TC), compared to arteriovenous fistula (AVF), using multivariate logistic regression. Finally, we used log-rank and Cox regression models to estimate the median time on each initial VA and find predictors governing it. Of the 387 patients, 265 (68,5%) used TC at dialysis initiation and 122 (31,5 %) AVF. Predictors of the TC's vs. AVF's initial use were older age (OR=1.02, CI=1.0, 1.03, p=0.03) and primary cause of CKD, particularly diabetes, compared to all other causes of kidney disease (CKD). Median time on initial AVF was 57.0 months (95%CI =36.9, 64.1), and on initial TC 4.99 months (95%CI =2.69, 8.48). Younger age (HR=.98,95%CI=.97, .99, p=.01), male sex (HR=1.51, 95%CI=1.05, 2.19, p=.03), and hypertension (HR=1.63, 95%CI=1.13,2.36, p=.01) predicted median time on initial TC, while older age (HR for patients>70years = 1.86, 95%CI=1.09, 3.17, p=.02), and diabetes (HR=1.97, 95%CI=1.19, 3.24, p=.01), predicted median time on initial AVF. These results point to late VA referrals and delays in transitioning to permanent VA.

Proton decay has been studied for decades now as one of the consequences of grand unified theories. Among those theories exists SU(5) theory, firstly postulated by H. Georgi and S. Glashow [1]. However, there were some problems with this theory such as mass degeneration and coupling unification [1-3]. This created a need for an extension of an original SU(5) model – a specific minimal SU(5) [4-5]. In this minimal SU(5) there is a viable parameter space with achievable gauge coupling unification. In this article, we present the process of gauge coupling unification for three mass scales of new physics states in this model, namely for 1 TeV, 10 TeV, and 100 TeV.

Abstract Serpentine soils are characterized as a unique environment with low nutrient availability and high heavy metal concentrations, often hostile to many plant species. Even though these unfavorable conditions hinder the growth of various plants, particular vegetation with different adaptive mechanisms thrives undisturbed. One of the main contributors to serpentine adaptation represents serpentine bacteria with plant growth-promoting properties that assemble delicate interactions with serpentine plants. Robinia pseudoacacia L. is an invasive but adaptive species with phytoremediation potential and demonstrates extraordinary success in this environment. To explore more in-depth the role of plant growth-promoting serpentine bacteria, we isolated them and tested their various plant growth-promoting traits both from the rhizosphere and roots of R. pseudoacacia. Based on the demonstrated plant growth-promoting traits such as siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid production, and ACC deaminase production, we sequenced overall 25 isolates, 14 from the rhizosphere and 11 from the roots. Although more efficient in exhibiting plant growthpromoting traits, rhizospheric bacteria showed a low rate of diversity in comparison to endophytic bacteria. The majority of the isolates from the rhizosphere belong to Pseudomonas, while isolates from the roots exhibited higher diversity with genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Lysinibacillus and Brevibacterium/Peribacillus/Bacillus. The capacity of the described bacteria to produce siderophores, solubilize phosphate, and fix nitrogen highlights their central role in enhancing nutrient availability and facilitating R. pseudoacacia adaptation to serpentine soils. The findings highlight the potential significance of serpentine bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas, in contributing to the resilience and growth of R. pseudoacacia in serpentine environments.