Aim To investigate the prevalence of derepressed/partly derepressed/inducible and ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacter cloacae isolates and treatment options for infections associated with those isolates. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion and broth microdilution according to CLSI guidelines. Doubledisk synergy test (DDST) was performed in order to screen for ESBLs and combined disk test with phenylboronic acid to detect AmpC β -lactamases. PCR was used to detect blaESBL/blacarb genes. Genetic relatedness of the strains was determined by pulsed-fieldgel-electrophoresis (PFGE). Results Among 14 isolates with the ESBL positive E. cloaceae producing isolates, four (28.6%), nine (64.3%) and one (7.1%) isolates were derepressed/partly derepressed and inducible AmpC producers. Eleven (out of 14) isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem, 79% to cefepime. Five (out of 14; 35.7%) isolates (four derepressed and one inducible AmpC carrying E. cloaceae) were negative in phenotypic test for ESBLs, but positive for broad spectrum TEM-1 β-lactamase. One (out of four derepressed) also produced CMY-2 β-lactamase. Four (out of nine) partly derepressed isolates were positive with the DDST, but did not yield PCR products with primers targeting TEM, SHV and CTX-M beta-lactamases. Four positive partly derepressed isolates carried a blaCTX-M-1 gene, two blaOXA-1 one blaCTX-M-15, OXA-1 and one blaCTX-M-28, OXA-1 (n=1). Conclusion Microbiology laboratories must be able to detect and recognize AmpC-carrying isolates in a timely manner, especially those that are falsely susceptible in vitro to drugs that may be consideredfor therapy of infected patients.

High-throughput sequencing provides the means to determine the allelic decomposition for any gene of interest—the number of copies and the exact sequence content of each copy of a gene. Although many clinically and functionally important genes are highly polymorphic and have undergone structural alterations, no high-throughput sequencing data analysis tool has yet been designed to effectively solve the full allelic decomposition problem. Here we introduce a combinatorial optimization framework that successfully resolves this challenging problem, including for genes with structural alterations. We provide an associated computational tool Aldy that performs allelic decomposition of highly polymorphic, multi-copy genes through using whole or targeted genome sequencing data. For a large diverse sequencing data set, Aldy identifies multiple rare and novel alleles for several important pharmacogenes, significantly improving upon the accuracy and utility of current genotyping assays. As more data sets become available, we expect Aldy to become an essential component of genotyping toolkits. Many genes of functional and clinical significance are highly polymorphic and experience structural alterations. Here, Numanagić et al. develop Aldy, a computational tool for resolving the copy number and the sequence content of each copy of a gene by analyzing whole or targeted genome sequencing data.

Aim To analyse symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and coping strategies of war veterans in Tuzla Canton twenty years after the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Methods The study analysed a group of 120 war veterans from the Tuzla Canton who had experience of the war in BiH. For assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder Harvard Trauma Questionnaire was used, a version for Bosnia and Herzegovina and for assessment of coping styles Life Style Index was used. Results Concerning number of traumatic experiences of war veterans, it was found that they suffered 12 traumatic experiences. Most often traumatic experience was the participation in fighting and shelling (90.0%), knowledge of injuries in combat or landmine injuries of family members or friends (75.8%), exposure to snipers (74.2%). The most important were the symptoms of numbnessemotional numbness (2.62%), the symptoms of intrusion (2.58%) and the severity of the symptoms of PTSD (2.39%). The most common strategy of dealing with veterans of war was a projection (68.31%) and intellectualisation (56.20%). Conclusion War veterans have experienced polytraumatic experiences in war and show increased expression of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, emphasised psychosocial problems with a common defence mechanism in the form of projections twenty years after the war. War veterans are in need of continuous treatment in order to reduce long-term consequences of war trauma.

Aim To asses relation of serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level with albumin concentration in daily urine in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Methods The prospective study included 69 patients with T2DM, both sexes (24 males, 45 females), aged 30-82 years. They were divided into two groups: patients with T2DM and normoalbuminuria(T2DM-NA; n=40) and patients with T2DM and microalbuminuria (T2DM-MA; n=29). Patients were hospitalized at the Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, in the period January-April 2014. Immunonephelometry measurement of hsCRP was performed on the Nephelometer Analyzer BN II (Siemens, Germany). Results Frequency of patients in T2DM-NA and T2DM-MA groups was not significantly different in relation to sex and age. There was significant difference in relation to duration of diabetes ( p=0.001). Average glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in T2DM-NA group comparing to T2DM-MA group (p=0.008 and p=0.047, respectively). Serum creatinine (p=0.011),urea (p=0.009) and hsCRP (p=0.005) were significantly higher in T2DM-MA group compared to T2DM-NA group. Urinary albumin showed significantly positive correlation with the hsCRP (rho=0.286; p=0.017), urea (rho=0.503) and creatinine (rho=0.438) (p < 0.0005). A one unit (mg/L) increase in hsCRP concentration was associated with 11.5% increase of odds of microalbuminuria OR=1.115; 95% CI 1.014-1.225; p=0.025). Conclusion Significantly higher values of serum hsCRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria in comparison to those with normoalbuminuria as well as the correlation of values of inflammatory marker with urinary albumin implicate a low grade inflammation in the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

The paper presents the possibilities of applying Video surveillance and other ICT tools and services in the production process. The first part of the paper presented the system for controlling video surveillance for and the given opportunity of application of video surveillance for the security of the employees and the assets. In the second part of the paper an analysis of the system for controlling production is given and then a video surveillance of a work excavator. The next part of the paper presents integration of video surveillance and the accompanying tools. At the end of the paper, suggestions were also given for further works in the field of data protection and cryptography in video surveillance use.

This study describes validation of a screening model for Referrals to Support with Hidden Disabilities in Higher Education. A screening model describes the screening procedures implemented by HEIs in all 8 public universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the study, 5073 bachelor students were participated. There were 1371 (27%) male and 3702 (73%) female participants. In this research, the questionnaire for students in higher education was used. In order to validate the screening model, a multivariate method of exploratory factor analysis was applied. The intercorrelation of manifest variables was calculated, and on the basis of the obtained coefficients, the variables were selected for further analysis. The variables were subjected by calculating the coefficient of the inner consistency of the Cronbach alpha, and an estimate of the reliability of the variables was made by calculating the interstellar statistics. On the basis of the obtained results of factor analysis, a set of 28 manifest variables have been reduced to 15 variables that have satisfactory reliability and internal agreement, and it is justifiable to use them as a screening model. Findings support the requirement for a reliable and valid standardized assessment procedure for HEIs, which would provide equitable access to an initial diagnosis.