Multi-modal retrieval-augmented generation (MM-RAG) promises grounded biomedical QA, but it is unclear when to (i) convert figures/tables into text versus (ii) use optical character recognition (OCR)-free visual retrieval that returns page images and leaves interpretation to the generator. We study this trade-off in glycobiology, a visually dense domain. We built a benchmark of 120 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) from 25 papers, stratified by retrieval difficulty (easy text, medium figures/tables, hard cross-evidence). We implemented four augmentations-None, Text RAG, Multi-modal conversion, and late-interaction visual retrieval (ColPali)-using Docling parsing and Qdrant indexing. We evaluated mid-size open-source and frontier proprietary models (e.g., Gemma-3-27B-IT, GPT-4o family). Additional testing used the GPT-5 family and multiple visual retrievers (ColPali/ColQwen/ColFlor). Accuracy with Agresti-Coull 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was computed over 5 runs per configuration. With Gemma-3-27B-IT, Text and Multi-modal augmentation outperformed OCR-free retrieval (0.722-0.740 vs. 0.510 average accuracy). With GPT-4o, Multi-modal achieved 0.808, with Text 0.782 and ColPali 0.745 close behind; within-model differences were small. In follow-on experiments with the GPT-5 family, the best results with ColPali and ColFlor improved by ~2% to 0.828 in both cases. In general, across the GPT-5 family, ColPali, ColQwen, and ColFlor were statistically indistinguishable. GPT-5-nano trailed larger GPT-5 variants by roughly 8-10%. Pipeline choice is capacity-dependent: converting visuals to text lowers the reader burden and is more reliable for mid-size models, whereas OCR-free visual retrieval becomes competitive under frontier models. Among retrievers, ColFlor offers parity with heavier options at a smaller footprint, making it an efficient default when strong generators are available.

The biodiversity of the gut flora is widely accepted as a key indicator of human health. The diversity of gut flora depends on age, lifestyle, diet and the use of certain drugs, especially antibiotics. The normal flora is called the microbiota, and the entire genetic material of all microorganisms makes up the microbiome. Probiotics have functions from digesting food, absorbing nutrients to modulating immunity. The purpose of this review is to point out the importance of proper nutrition, as well as the importance of the rational use of antibiotics in order to preserve the biodiversity of the gut flora, which contributes to human health. Articles were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO databases. The research was limited to articles published between 2010 and 2026. Irrational use of antibiotics disrupts the gut flora, which can cause inflammatory bowel diseases, increase intestinal permeability, impairing individual health. The use of oral probiotics with antibiotics can be important in preserving the gut microbiota, and can also help in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Taking probiotics helps build a diverse population of beneficial gut bacteria before infection occurs, so it is especially recommended to take them during the season of foodborne infections (like summer). The combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces boulardii has proven to be beneficial. After stopping oral probiotics, the microbiota continues to form depending on the diet. Biodiversity of gut flora is different in each person, although it is quite similar among family members with a common environment and diet. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Fragments of two Roman limestone sarcorphagi decorated with a motif of mourning Eros and mourning shepherd/ Attis Tristis from Aureus Mons (today Seone), a Roman settlement on the Upper Moesian Limes in the immediate vicinity of Singidunum , are kept in the Museum in Smederevo. The study based on documentation and preserved fragments proposes a reconstruction of these sarcophagi, researching their typology, iconography, and closest Pannonian and Upper Moesian analogy. It aspires towards a better understanding of local sarcophagus production and the influences that came from Pannonia.

The thermal stability and structural evolution of a GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) heterostructure grown on a Si (111) substrate were investigated using in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD), reciprocal space mapping (RSM), Raman spectroscopy, and rocking-curve (RC) analysis at varying temperatures. The heterostructure, consisting of a p-GaN cap, an AlGaN barrier, and a GaN channel supported by two AlGaN/AlGaN superlattice (SL) buffer layers, maintained clear and periodic satellite peaks up to a temperature of 1000 deg C, confirming excellent structural integrity. Symmetric and asymmetric RSM results reveal that both the Si and GaN diffraction peaks shift to lower angles with increasing temperature, consistent with thermal expansion, and show no significant broadening or relaxation throughout the heating process. The c-lattice constant follows the theoretical expansion predicted by the multi-frequency Einstein model, whereas the a-lattice expansion is slower due to in-plane strain constraints imposed by the underlying Si substrate and buffer layers. Rapid lattice contraction during the fast-cooling stage induces a residual compressive strain of approximately 0.3 percent in the GaN channel after cooling. Raman spectra further confirm this strain state through a blue shift of approximately 1.5 cm-1 of the GaN E2 (high) phonon mode, corresponding to an in-plane strain of about 0.2 percent. Rocking-curve analysis reveals an increase in both screw and edge dislocation densities by 28 percent and 12 percent, respectively. These results collectively demonstrate that the GaN HEMT heterostructure exhibits robust crystalline stability up to 1000 deg C, with only minor strain redistribution and limited dislocation activity, providing experimental evidence for GaN device applications under high-temperature conditions.

Abstract.

Let $X$ be an orbisurface, meaning a compact hyperbolic Riemann surface possibly with a finite number of elliptic points, and let $X_1$ denote its unit tangent bundle. We consider the twisted Selberg zeta function $Z(s;\rho)$ associated to a representation $\rho: \pi_1(X_1) \to \text{GL}(V_\rho)$. We prove a relation between the twisted Selberg zeta function $Z(s;\rho)$ and the regularized determinant of the twisted Laplacian associated to $\rho$. These results can be viewed as a generalization of a result due to Sarnak who considered the trivial character. Yet our proof is different, as it is based on evaluation of the Laplace-Mellin type integral transformations. Going further, we explicitly compute the multiplicative constant, which we call the torsion factor, and express its dependence on parameters which determine the representation. We study the asymptotic behavior of the constant for a sequence of non-unitary representations introduced by Yamaguchi and prove that the asymptotic behavior of this constant as the dimension of the representation tends to infinity is the same as the behavior of the higher-dimensional Reidemeister torsion on $X_1$ (up to an absolute constant).

U radu je istaknuta uloga Univerziteta u Sarajevu – Prirodno-matematičkoga fakulteta kao baštinske institucije i vrijednost njegova arhiva u istraživanju razvoja prirodnih i matematičkih znanosti u Bosni i Hercegovini. Posebna je pažnja posvećena vrednovanju registraturnoga (dokumentarnoga) gradiva u dijelu arhiva koji je u Studentskoj službi Prirodno-matematičkoga fakulteta uporabom elektroničkog (“automatiziranog”) sustava rada studentskih službi na Univerzitetu u Sarajevu. Dokumentacijskom i komparativnom metodom utvrđen je nestanak jednoga dijela dokumenata iz digitalnoga arhiva koji svjedoče o svakodnevnom životu Fakulteta i jednoga dijela njegove populacije, čime su oni isključeni iz društvenoga sjećanja, i čije postojanje još uvijek čuva tzv. “tiskani arhiv” Studentske službe, s gradivom u konvencionalnom, papirnatom obliku. Također, nazire se tendencija potpunoga nestanka pojedinih povijesno važnih podataka iz oba arhiva. Taj je nestanak izravna posljedica digitalne revolucije i položaja čovjeka u postdigitalnom dobu, kao i položaja arhiva Studentske službe Fakulteta i njegova utjecaja na percepciju stvarnosti i bogatstvo kulturnoga nasljeđa Bosne i Hercegovine.

<p><em>Tourism is a widespread and enduring global phenomenon, driven by a variety of motives, including religion. Travel has multiple benefits, particularly in terms of an individual's spiritual progress, even when not explicitly motivated by religious purposes. The paper examines the cultural and Islamic-religion dimensions of tourist journeys while taking into account contemporary geographical and tourism science approaches as well as Islamic perspectives. A comparative analysis established the major values of tourism travels (geographic and cultural awareness, religious belief, socialization, and material advantage), with a focus on Muslims' spiritual upliftment. The paper provides strategies for planning travel while taking into account the rights of Muslim women and their ability to engage in tourism while honoring the perspectives of the Islamic community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Demonstrative examples highlight how specific visits may produce a profound impression and enhance social cohesion or an individual's behavior.</em></p>

Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has long been shaped by institutional instability, political volatility, and repeated shocks. This paper synthesizes findings from 42 studies to examine how entrepreneurs in this region navigate uncertainty. The systematic coding process revealed recurring themes, including institutional fragility, political involvement, responses to external shocks, digital innovation, migrant and cultural entrepreneurship, long-term reforms, and regional development. Evidence shows that entrepreneurs in CEE rely less on formal institutions and more on trust-based networks, pragmatic approaches to innovation, and practices rooted in identity. Events such as pandemics and the Ukraine war have exposed existing vulnerabilities, but also highlighted the adaptive strategies, including increased digital engagement and refugee entrepreneurship. Overall, entrepreneurship serves as both a coping mechanism amid crises and a catalyst for transformation in transitional economies. Based on these insights, the paper proposes strategies for institutional reforms, digital skills enhancement, and inclusive support systems.

This review explores the intersection of gender, geography, and sustainability by examining the role of women in the blue economy across Europe’s Outermost Regions (ORs). Despite growing recognition of the blue economy’s role in sustainable development, there is limited understanding of how women participate in these sectors at the geographic periphery of the European Union. Using publicly available data from Eurostat, INSEE, ISTAC, and other national portals, we analyze employment patterns through a gender lens, supported by qualitative insights from case studies in regions such as the Azores, Réunion, and Guadeloupe. Due to the scarcity of disaggregated blue economy data, general labor force participation is used as a proxy, highlighting both opportunities and visibility gaps. Theoretically grounded in feminist political ecology and intersectionality, the review identifies key barriers, including data invisibility, occupational segregation, and structural inequalities, as well as resilience enablers such as women-led enterprises and policy interventions. We conclude with targeted recommendations for research, policy, and practice to support inclusive blue economies in ORs, emphasizing the need for better data systems and gender-sensitive coastal development strategies.

Natural plant oils are commonly used in skincare products for their emollient properties. Plum seed oil is a promising cosmetic ingredient since it represents a sustainable material derived from fruit processing waste, recognized in the CosIng Database for its skin-conditioning function. The aim of this study was to incorporate plum seed oil into a topical emulgel and assess its biophysical effects on the skin. An in vivo study on healthy volunteers evaluated the safety (irritation potential) and long-term efficacy (impact on biophysical skin parameters during 28-day application) of emulgel containing 6% (w/w) plum seed oil as a natural emollient and active ingredient. Results showed that plum seed oil exhibited no irritation potential during a 24-hour safety assessment since transepidermal water loss (TEWL) decreased (p <0.05), and erythema index didn’t change significantly. Results of 28-day efficacy study suggested, potential anti-irritant effects after long-term usage. In addition, pH, skin integrity and skin color were preserved during the study, while skin hydration was increased. To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ non-invasive biophysical methods to assess the influence of plum seed oil in cosmetic formulations. These findings point plum seed oil’s potential as a natural, sustainable, safe and effective raw material for cosmetics.

<p>Rad, ali i nastojanje koji su poduzeti izvan rada, predstavljaju uvertiru analiziranju stanja i perspektiva socijalne pedagogije u zemljama Evropske unije i Bosne i Hercegovine. S ciljem jednog konkretnijeg, jezgrovitijeg, ali i pragmatičnijeg i vi&scaron;e informisanog zagovaranja za socijalnu pedagogiju u Bosni i Hercegovini, akumulacijom teorijskog i na praksi utemeljenog kapitala socijalne pedagogije, Bosna i Hercegovina potrebuje za stručnom praksom socijalne pedagogije. Socijalna pedagogija, ali i druge komplementarne i temeljne pomagačke znanosti i struke u Bosni i Hercegovini, nisu imale značajne teorijske i istraživačke pomake od kraja rata, a koje bi se nametnule kao socijalno-politički bitnima. Paradigmatska revolucija koja bi započela iz socijalne pedagogije, čini se da bi inovirala odgojno-obrazovne programe koji su nerijetko sredstvo u funkciji obespravljivanja. To bi se rezonovalo i na socijalnu politiku koja negira sudjelujuće odlučivanje i kvazi model deficita koji je samo inačica medicinskog modela tretiranja osoba različitih sposobnosti u Bosni i Hercegovini.</p>