Metal-air (O 2 ) batteries have recently gained significant attention as high-energy alternatives to state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. While Li-O 2 batteries offer higher theoretical specific energies, Na-O 2 cells have been reported to exhibit superior reversible electrochemistry, achieving higher capacities on discharge and much lower overpotentials on charge compared to their Li-O 2 counterparts [1,2]. To support the transition from Na-O 2 to practical Na-air systems, it is essential to understand how humidity affects key aspects of aprotic electrolyte performance, particularly the stability window. In this talk, we investigate the role of water across both low potentials—relevant for deposition and stripping processes—and high potentials, where electrolyte anodically decomposes. To accomplish this, we employ the rotating (ring) disk electrode (R(R)DE) technique for in situ detection of proton generation as a direct indicator of anodic electrolyte breakdown [3]. This approach not only enables rapid screening of the stability window but also provides a robust method for generating a high-quality data library, leveraging well-defined, inert, and atomically flat surfaces. Accurate and reliable electrochemical data of this kind are essential for machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) to achieve their full predictive potential in materials and electrolyte discovery. These insights offer a pathway toward the rational design of more stable organic electrolytes, a key requirement for enabling high-capacity sodium–air batteries. References: [1] McCloskey, B.D., Garcia, J.M. and Luntz, A.C., 2014. Chemical and electrochemical differences in nonaqueous Li–O2 and Na–O2 batteries. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters , 5 (7), pp.1230-1235. [2] Xia, C., Black, R., Fernandes, R., Adams, B. and Nazar, L.F., 2015. The critical role of phase-transfer catalysis in aprotic sodium oxygen batteries. Nature chemistry , 7 (6), pp.496-501. [3] Hatsukade, T., Zorko, M., Haering, D., Markovic, N.M., Stamenkovic, V.R. and Strmcnik, D., 2020. Detection of protons using the rotating ring disk electrode method during electrochemical oxidation of battery electrolytes. Electrochemistry Communications , 120 , p.106785. ___________________ The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan. http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan

Ni-based materials have long served as cathodes in industrial alkaline water and chlor-alkali electrolysis, offering an effective balance of affordability, durability, and catalytic performance. However, progress in improving their intrinsic activity has been limited for decades, largely due to the lack of fundamental understanding of how the complex surface chemistry of Ni governs catalytic activity at the atomic/molecular level. Anyone working with Ni-based electrodes in the pursuit of improved hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts has likely faced serious reproducibility challenges. Even those who achieve internally consistent results ultimately still fall within the broad spread shown in Figure 1a, which compiles HER activities of metallic Ni and its oxide- or hydroxide-modified variants from numerous published studies. This variability does not result from poor reproducibility, the common practice of reporting geometric current densities instead of ECSA-normalized activities, or intrinsic reactivity. Rather, it stems from the uncontrolled diversity of Ni surface states, combined with variations in electrode and electrolyte histories and measurement protocols across the field. In this work, we do not aim to introduce yet another “high-performing” catalyst, but to resolve the fundamental origins of this scatter. Using well-defined, extended Ni surfaces prepared through rigorously controlled protocols, we identify the distinct roles of native Ni species in alkaline HER. Specifically, NiO often believed to participate in HER, acts as a passive spectator; NiH x inhibits HER; and Ni(OH) 2 promotes HER by facilitating water dissociation and generating new, highly active sites in its vicinity on metallic Ni (Figure 1b) [1]. These sites differ inherently from those composed solely of Ni atoms. The behavior of these species is interpreted in the context of two major factors controlling HER rates on Ni-based catalysts in alkaline solutions: the availability of active sites on the Ni electrode surface (the 1−θ ad term) and the energetics of the activated water complex (the Δ G 0# (H2O) term). Taken together, this study provides a unified framework for understanding the intrinsic activity of Ni-based catalysts, resolving discrepancies in the literature and offering guidance for the design of the next-generation alkaline water electrolyzers. Figure 1. (a) Summary of reported HER activities for metallic Ni (black symbol) and for Ni surfaces modified by oxide (red symbol) or hydroxide (green symbol), compiled from numerous published studies. Dashed horizontal lines mark the activity range measured in this work, from the least to the most active surface. (b) Representative polarization curves illustrating the distinct HER behavior induced by different native Ni surface species. Figures adapted from the authors’ own preprint/work. Reference: [1] D.K. Kozlica, M. Finšgar, P.F.B.D. Martins, M. Huš, B. Genorio, J.G. Connell, M. Martins, M. Hývl, T. Žibert, K.A. Varda, A. Osmić, M. Bele, B. Likozar, D. Strmčnik, The role of individual nickel surface species in the hydrogen evolution reaction on nickel in alkaline electrolytes, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square (doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7285662/v1), (22 August 2025). ___________________ The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan. http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan Figure 1

We present a technically natural microscopic realization of apparent phantom dark energy based on an axion coupled to $N$ copies of two-flavor dark QCD related by a $\mathbb{Z}_N$ exchange symmetry. The symmetry exponentially suppresses the axion vacuum potential, naturally generating the dark-energy scale, while reheating into a single dark sector induces a controlled breaking of $\mathbb{Z}_N$ that simultaneously restores the physical axion periodicity, sets the dark-matter abundance, and drives the late-time dark-energy dynamics. The selected sector contains dark-pion dark matter, whose finite density initially traps the axion away from its vacuum minimum. As the Universe expands and the dark-pion density redshifts away, the axion is released and rolls on the reheating-induced vacuum potential, generating an effective phantom crossing without tuned cancellations. We identify a viable parameter region that simultaneously reproduces the observed dark-matter relic abundance and dark-energy scale, satisfies cosmological and astrophysical constraints, and qualitatively reproduces the DESI preference for an evolving dark-energy equation of state.

Pravna priroda plodouživanja temelji se na njegovu obilježju ograničenog stvarnog prava na tuđoj stvari, kojim se nositelju priznaje pravo uporabe i ubiranja plodova stvari, uz istodobnu obvezu očuvanja njezine supstance. Iako se radi o klasičnom pravnom institutu duboko ukorijenjenom u rimskoj pravnoj tradiciji, aktualni izazovi tržišta nekretnina ponovno aktualiziraju njegovu primjenu, osobito u kontekstu rastuće stambene nedostupnosti i potrebe za fleksibilnijim oblicima stanovanja. Na razini Europske unije tržište nekretnina suočeno je s kontinuiranim rastom cijena stanova i najamnina, ograničenim pristupom stambenom financiranju za mlade, promjenama na tržištu rada, itd. Slični, a možda i izraženiji izazovi prisutni su u Bosni i Hercegovini, gdje mladi, suočeni s nesigurnim oblicima zaposlenja, niskim primanjima i nedostatnom institucionalnom potporom, u velikoj mjeri nisu u mogućnosti riješiti stambeno pitanje putem vlasništva. Ipak, postojeće stambene politike dominantno su usmjerene na vlasničke modele, dok su alternativni oblici dugoročnog i sigurnog stanovanja nedovoljno razvijeni. U takvim okolnostima plodouživanje se može promatrati kao pravni instrument investicijskog, socijalnog i stambenog planiranja. Rad razmatra plodouživanje kao mogući odgovor na aktualne izazove, ističući njegov potencijal u povezivanju socijalne potrebe s racionalnim upravljanjem nekretninama. Ključne riječi: plodouživanje, rimska pravna tradicija, rješavanje stambenog pitanja mladih, investicijsko planiranje, Bosna i Hercegovina.

Donošenjem Zakona o zaštiti prava na pravično suđenje u razumnom roku u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine osigurava se zaštita prava na razuman rok kao preventivnog pravnog sredstva. Pravno sredstvo za zaštitu prava na pravično suđenje u razumnom roku je: zahtjev za zaštitu prava na pravično suđenje u razumnom roku i isplatu primjerene naknade u slučaju povrede prava na pravično suđenje u razumnom roku. Kriteriji koji se uzimaju u obzir kod ocjene razumnosti dužine trajanja postupka su: složenost predmeta u činjeničnom i pravnom smislu, aktivnost suda i drugih tijela, ponašanje podnositelja pravnog sredstva, zakonske odredbe o hitnosti postupka, ukupna dužina trajanja postupka. Prema novom zakonu predsjednici sudova će se naći pred izazovom tumačenja kriterija i standarda određivanja kršenja razumnog roka. Autori će se u radu baviti tumačenjem europskih standarda uspostavljenih sudskom praksom Europskog suda za ljudska prava u Strasbourgu za kriterije utvrđivanja povrede prava na pravično suđenje u razumnom roku te sudskom praksom Ustavnog suda Bosne i Hercegovine i Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske. Ključne riječi: kriteriji kod određivanja kršenja razumnog roka, tumačenje europskih standarda i sudske prakse ustavnih sudova.

Agroecological conditions, the biological characteristics of grapevine varieties, and the application of viticultural practices significantly influence the physico-chemical properties of grapes. This study assessed the impact of agroecological conditions at two cultivation sites, Sarajevo and Trebinje, on the physico-chemical properties of Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grape varieties. The results showed that location had a statistically significant effect on several physical parameters of grape bunches and berries. Significant differences were observed in bunch and berry mass (in ‚Chardonnay‘), bunch length (in both varieties), bunch width (in ‚Cabernet Sauvignon‘), berry length (in ‚Chardonnay‘), berry width (both varieties), as well as in the mass of 100 berries, pulp and skin mass of 100 berries, and the number of seeds per 100 berries. Furthermore, the cultivation site significantly influenced the sugar and total acid content in both varieties, as well as the phenolic content in ‚Chardonnay‘ berries, and the flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity in ‚Cabernet Sauvignon‘.

Background: The Renal Registry of Bosnia and Herzegovina systematically collects national data on kidney replacement therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This report summarizes 2 decades of registry data (2002-2022), showing trends in incidence, prevalence, modality distribution, and patient outcomes. Methods: Data were obtained annually from 30 dialysis centers across the country. Incidence, prevalence, and survival rates for hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and kidney transplantation were calculated per million population (pmp). Descriptive statistics and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed using SPSS 25. Results: Between 2002 and 2022, the number of dialysis centers increased from 18 to 30, and the total treated population rose by 43.5% (from 1687 to 2421 patients). Hemodialysis remained the predominant modality (80.4%), while PD accounted for only 3.0% of all dialysis patients. The incidence rate in 2022 was 118.9 pmp, and the prevalence reached 685.6 pmp. The leading causes of ESKD were diabetic nephropathy (29.5%) and hypertensive nephropathy (13.1%). The crude mortality rate among dialysis patients in 2022 was 13.2%, primarily due to cardiovascular disease. By the end of 2022, a total of 402 patients lived with a functioning kidney graft. Conclusion: Over the past 2 decades, Bosnia and Herzegovina has experienced steady growth in its dialysis population and gradual improvements in registry coverage. However, the country continues to face challenges, including low utilization of PD and limited transplantation activity. Strengthening early chronic kidney disease detection and expanding organ donation programs remain key national priorities.   Cite this article as: Resić H, Rebić D, Turković AM. The renal registry of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Turk J Nephrol. Published online May 11, 2026. doi: 10.10.5152/turkjnephrol.2026.25988.

Rad analizira usklađenost Zakona o zaštiti ličnih podataka iz 2025. (ZZLP) s Općom uredbom o zaštiti podataka (GDPR), kao i njegov odnos prema općim pravilima odštetnog prava sadržanim u Zakonu o obligacionim odnosima (ZOO). Iako ZZLP kao lex specialis i lex posterior ima prednost u primjeni, ispitano je da li određene nedorečenosti ili kolizije između ova dva zakona podrivaju temeljni cilj GDPR-a – osiguranje djelotvornih, odvraćajućih i razmjernih pravnih sredstava. Utvrđen je visok stepen normativne usklađenosti ZZLP-a s GDPR-om, naročito u pogledu administrativnih i krivičnih sankcija. Međutim, značajna odstupanja uočena su u oblasti naknade štete. Sudska praksa Suda Evropske unije potvrđuje da ne postoji pravilo de minimis, da šteta mora biti stvarna i dokaziva, te da naknada ima isključivo kompenzacijski karakter. Budući da je BiH kandidat za članstvo u EU, ovi standardi su relevantni i za domaće sudove. Ključni problem identificiran je u pitanju uzročnosti i štete, koju ZZLP ne uređuje detaljno, pa se primjenjuju pravila ZOO. Dokazivanje uzročnosti može otežati ostvarivanje zaštite, zbog čega se razmatra mogućnost kvalifikacije obrade podataka kao opasne djelatnosti, čime bi se teret dokazivanja prebacio na obrađivača. Posebno su analizirana pitanja materijalne i nematerijalne štete. Kod materijalne štete, mali iznosi mogu obeshrabriti oštećene, pa se razmatra potencijalna uloga nominalne ili kaznene štete, uprkos restriktivnom stavu Suda EU. Najveći nesklad između ZZLP/GDPR i ZOO odnosi se na nematerijalnu štetu. Dok GDPR i ZZLP dopuštaju naknadu neovisno o intenzitetu i trajanju povrede, ZOO polazi od subjektivnog koncepta koji zahtijeva određeni prag bola ili straha. Stoga se predlaže de lege ferenda prelazak na objektivnu koncepciju nematerijalne štete, prema kojoj sama povreda ličnih prava predstavlja štetu, dok bi intenzitet bola i straha služio samo za određivanje visine naknade. Također su kritizirane procesne manjkavosti, uključujući izostanak alternativne mjesne nadležnosti i nedostatak odredbi o kolektivnoj zaštiti prava. Ključne riječi: zaštita osobnih podataka, GDPR, naknada štete za povredu osobnih podataka, nematerijalna šteta, kolektivna zaštita.

In the last few decades, bark beetle outbreaks have increased in European forests, triggered by extreme weather events, such as drought and windstorms. A core element of integrated pest management to control outbreaks are salvage logging and sanitation felling, i.e., the timely removal or treatment of potential brood material and already infested trees after disturbance events. Associated with these management operations as well as with regular, planned thinning and cutting, felling residues, such as treetops, branches and stumps that remain in the forest provide potentially suitable breeding material for bark beetles and may trigger further outbreak events. Although felling residue management is part of regular forest management in most of Europe, no overview exists on its use throughout the continent. To fill this gap, we gathered forest health experts from 20 European countries and used a questionnaire to provide information on felling residue management in the context of forest protection in managed forests. Relevant legislation in these countries was reviewed for regulations concerning this topic. We found that most countries have felling residue management in their legislation and/or perform it in practice. In 12 of the 20 countries, felling residue management is being applied to manage bark beetles, particularly in areas that have experienced large-scale outbreaks in the last few decades. Felling residues are mainly managed in forests dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) and pines (Pinus spp.) (in 19 and 17 of the countries, respectively). The most frequently used management methods on a European level were piling or mulching of felling residues. These methods were used in 14 and 16 of the countries, respectively. Besides bark beetle management, use of residues for bioenergy (4 countries) and biodiversity conservation (6 countries) was reported. The diversity of felling residue management practices across Europe may reflect differences in forest policies and climatic gradients that are affecting bark beetle outbreak risks. This overview presents the variety of felling residue management applied across 20 European countries, highlighting the reasons for and implications of its use, as well as further research needs.

Novi regulatorni okvir za industrijski dizajn u EU, utemeljen na Uredbi (EU) 2024/2822 i Direktivi (EU) 2024/2823, donosi značajnu modernizaciju sustava zaštite koji nije mijenjan više od 20 godina. Glavne novosti uključuju proširenje definicije proizvoda, klauzula o popravku, suzbijanje 3D ispisa, promjenu terminologije, kao i moderne prikaze dizajna. Veći dio pravila počeo se primjenjivati od svibnja 2025., dok države članice imaju rok do kraja 2027. za potpuno usklađivanje nacionalnih zakona s novom Direktivom (EU) 2024/2823, kako bi se modernizirao sustav i prilagodio izazovima digitalnog doba. U radu će se analizirati razlozi zbog koji su usvojena nova pravila, te sudska praksa koja je oblikovala nova rješenja odnosno kako Sud EU-a kroz svoju praksu stvara pravni okvir koji paketu reformi dizajna daje snagu i koherentnost. Ključne riječi: industrijski dizajn, Uredba (EU) 2024/2822, Direktiva (EU) 2024/2823, klauzula o popravku, suzbijanje 3D ispisa.

International migrants face well-documented barriers to healthcare access, yet the extent to which these barriers shape patterns of disease co-occurrence remains poorly understood. Drawing on a nationwide dataset of approximately 13 million hospital admissions from around 4 million individuals in Austria (2015-2019), we constructed and compared comorbidity networks between Austrian nationals and non-Austrian migrants, matched 1:1 by age, sex, and time of first hospital admission (272,779 per group). Following matching, metabolic and cardiovascular diagnoses, including type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction, were more common among non-Austrians, while depression was more common among Austrians. Comorbidity network analysis showed that among all disease pairs that differed significantly between groups, 70% showed stronger co-occurrence in Austrian patients and 30% in non-Austrian patients. Distinct sex-specific patterns appeared: Austrian males showed stronger associations between alcohol use disorder and mental health diagnoses, whereas non-Austrian males more frequently presented with acute somatic conditions. Among non-Austrian women, a pronounced cluster of recurrent depression, somatoform disorders, and dorsalgia was observed. We interpret the disproportionately fewer comorbidity links observed in non-Austrians not as evidence of lower disease burden, but as a likely reflection of structural access barriers, including language differences, cultural factors, and crisis-oriented admission patterns, that prevent comprehensive diagnostic assessment, though a contribution from the healthy migrant effect cannot be excluded. These findings stress the need for culturally aware care strategies and earlier identification of high-risk multimorbidity profiles in migrant populations.

Real-time prediction of complex physical systems requires surrogate models that learn from data while representing strong multiphysics coupling. Deep Operator Networks have shown success in single-physics problems, yet their effectiveness in capturing nonlinear interactions in coupled systems (such as thermo-mechanical or electro-thermal coupling) remains underexplored. Here we pose a practical question: should the architecture of a neural operator reflect the strength of physical coupling it aims to model? We compare single-branch and multi-branch designs, in both feedforward and sequential recurrent forms, across three representative systems: a reaction-diffusion problem with heterogeneous sources, a nonlinear thermo-electrical problem with temperature-dependent conductivity and Joule heating, and a viscoplastic thermo-mechanical model of steel solidification. Single-branch networks consistently outperform multi-branch variants in tightly coupled regimes by encouraging shared latent representations, whereas multi-branch designs remain favorable for decoupled or single-physics tasks. Once trained, these surrogates deliver full-field predictions up to 1.8 × 104 times faster than physics-based solvers.

Agent-based neural models often encode transmission within neuron state updates, which can make it difficult to separately log and quantify spatial recruitment patterns, delay structure, and environment-mediated feedback effects. We present LANA (Local Adaptive Neural Agents), a dual-agent neural agent-based model in which neurons and propagating signals are represented as distinct interacting entities embedded in a dynamic environmental field. The model combines discrete leaky integrate-and-fire neuron dynamics, mobile signal agents, synaptic links with distance-dependent delays, and a bounded environment-to-neuron feedback mechanism. LANA is intended as a normalized phenomenological mesoscopic framework for mechanism-level comparison rather than as a circuit-specific biophysical reconstruction. To support interpretability and reproducibility, we report a compact internal verification block for the implemented operators, including delay propagation, environmental decay and diffusion, threshold activation, and refractory enforcement. We then compare the full LANA model against a matched neuron-only baseline and summarize spatial recruitment using first-spike maps, cumulative recruitment times, and wavefront speed as a secondary descriptive metric. Finally, we evaluate two controlled operating regimes, a resting regime (S1) and a hyperexcitable regime (S2), under fixed network size, stimulation schedule, and matched random seeds. Relative to the baseline, the full model sustains and spreads activity more effectively and provides spatially resolved recruitment summaries, including first-spike timing and cumulative recruitment measures, that are not available in the same form when transmission is represented only through neuron-level updates. Relative to S1, S2 exhibits earlier activation, higher firing activity, stronger environmental accumulation, and faster cumulative recruitment. Local and factorial sensitivity analyses further identify the parameters that most strongly govern these regime differences. Together, these results position LANA as a normalized mesoscopic and computationally tractable framework for studying how excitability, transport state dynamics, delayed coupling, and environment-mediated feedback jointly shape emergent activity in controlled simulation settings.