The Đerdap/Iron Gates section of the Danube River has undergone a profound hydromorphological transformation following the construction of the Iron Gates hydropower system, affecting flow conditions, habitat structure, connectivity, and fish assemblages. This study assessed long-term changes in native and non-native fish communities within the Đerdap Reservoir using monitoring data collected over 18 years. Fish were sampled at three sites (Dobra, Donji Milanovac, and Tekija) in 2005, 2010, 2017, 2019, and 2023 using electrofishing and gillnets. Temporal patterns were evaluated using complementary univariate and multivariate approaches to assess changes in community structure, diversity, disturbance status, and relationships with hydrological variability. The biomass contribution of non-native fish increased at all sites, with the most pronounced changes observed at Donji Milanovac and Dobra. These changes were accompanied by clear shifts in community composition, indicating progressive restructuring across the reservoir. Although diversity indices remained relatively stable, abundance–biomass comparison (ABC) analyses suggested moderate disturbance. Overall, long-term hydromorphological changes in the reservoir were associated with shifts in fish community structure and an increased contribution of non-native species, potentially influencing assemblage stability.

This study presents an experimental investigation of a Savonius wind turbine conducted under controlled wind tunnel conditions. Turbine performance was evaluated at inlet airflow velocities of 5, 7, and 9 m/s. Airflow velocities were measured upstream and downstream of the turbine to determine the effective rotor velocity, while rotational speed measurements enabled calculation of the tip-speed ratio (TSR). The airflow velocity distribution along the turbine height and width was analysed to examine air–blade interactions and identify regions influencing turbine performance. The results demonstrate a strong dependence of rotor behaviour on inlet airflow conditions, with improved performance observed at higher velocities. Smoke-based flow visualisation provided qualitative insight into airflow patterns and vortex formation around the blades, confirming the influence of flow guidance on turbine operation. These findings contribute to a better understanding of Savonius wind turbine aerodynamics and support further optimisation of turbine design and flow control strategies.

BACKGROUND The inverse relationship between vitreous humour (VH) glucose and lactate, classically used in the Traub formula, is widely applied in post-mortem biochemistry. METHODS We analysed 127 VH samples from external examinations and forensic autopsies performed in a hospital forensic setting (PMI 4-187 h; 58 septic and 69 non-septic deaths). Glucose was available in 78 cases, lactic acid in all 127. Cases were stratified by PMI window, septic status and storage condition. Spearman correlations and non-parametric comparisons were applied. RESULTS Within the first 24 h post-mortem, glucose and lactic acid showed significant opposite correlations with PMI. Glucose reached a low-value floor of approximately 2 mg/dl by 25-48 h, after which no meaningful PMI-related decrease was observed. Lactic acid showed a different trajectory: septic and non-septic cases had similar baseline levels at ≤10 h, but diverged thereafter, with continued increase in septic cases through 25-48 h. This divergence emerged after glucose depletion, suggesting glucose-independent lactate accumulation. Glucose-lactate coupling was absent in septic cases and weak in non-septic cases. CONCLUSIONS VH glucose and lactic acid showed limited evidence of direct stoichiometric coupling in this hospital cohort. Glucose reflected PMI mainly within the first 24 h, whereas its interpretative value declined after reaching a post-mortem floor. Lactic acid showed a sepsis-associated post-mortem amplification not explained by glucose availability alone, possibly reflecting autolytic processes. These findings do not invalidate the Traub formula in its original diagnostic context, but caution against its uncritical application in heterogeneous forensic cohorts.

This paper analyzes the application of a vibro-impact element as a dynamic absorber for a Duffing oscillator. The Duffing oscillator is a nonlinear oscillator, modeled here as a single-degree-of-freedom system with a nonlinear spring. The complete system consists of a body performing translational oscillatory motion, a drive mechanism, a slider, a spring that connects the oscillator to the slider, and a vibro-impact element, in the form of the ball, that performs translational motion with impacts. For comparison, the response of the Duffing oscillator without the absorber is also analyzed. The differential equations of motion of both systems are derived using Lagrange’s equations of the second kind, and solved numerically. The results are presented in the form of amplitude–frequency diagrams and time–displacement diagrams. It is shown that the amplitude of the main body is reduced when it is coupled with an impact element. The way in which this is affected by the stiffness of the spring, that connects the ball and Duffing oscillator, is presented. For selected excitation frequencies the basins of attraction of the ball are obtained. In this way, the set of possible initial conditions for which the system behaves like vibro-impact or purely oscillatory one, is determined.

Methods: This retrospective–prospective study included 90 patients with BT. Based on the type of BT, the participants were divided into three groups of 30 patients each: patients with gliomas, with meningiomas and with brain metastasis. Demographic data such as age, sex, alcohol and cigarette consumption were collected. In all three study groups, the time of onset of the first ES, type, characteristics, and frequency were analyzed as well as abnormalities on electroencephalography (EEG). EEG was reviewed for any abnormal background or interictal epileptic discharges. Results: Brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) was present in 46.7% of patients. The incidence of epilepsy secondary to brain tumors was 66.7% in patients with gliomas, 46.6% in those with meningiomas, and 26.7% in those with metastasis. The tumors associated with BTRE were most commonly located in the frontal (40%) and temporal (32.2%) lobes, followed by the parietal (25.6%) and occipital (2.2%) lobes. Focal to bilateral tonic–clonic ES represented the most common seizure type among the studied patients. Abnormalities on the initial EEG recordings were observed in 33 patients with BTRE. Focal EEG abnormalities were identified in 54.7% of patients, while diffuse changes were present in 23.8% of patients (p < 0.005). Conclusions: The highest incidence of BTRE was observed in patients with gliomas, followed by those with meningiomas, while the lowest incidence was recorded in the group with metastases. Smaller and slower growing tumors were associated with higher incidence of seizures than larger, more rapidly growing lesions. Focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures were the most common seizure type among patients with BTRE.

BACKGROUND The C-MIC II trial demonstrated benefits of 6 months of cardiac microcurrent (C-MIC) therapy in patients with non-ischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The prospective C-MIC II Follow-Up Study evaluates safety and efficacy outcomes post-device deactivation. METHODS Primary safety-related endpoints included all-cause, cardiovascular and device-related mortality and hospitalizations and adverse events (AEs). Secondary efficacy-related endpoints included changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Overall Summary Score (KCCQ-OSS), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and device reactivation rate. Here, we report 12-month results comparing the 6-month time-point (at the end of active therapy) with the 18-month time-point (12 months post-deactivation). RESULTS Of 32 eligible patients, 31 (97%) were enrolled. At 12 months post-device deactivation, 3 patients (10%) were hospitalized and 1 died (3%); none were device-related. One device-related AE occurred and resolved completely. Improvements in LVEF (vs pre-implantation: +6%; 95% CI 5-8; p<0.0001) and KCCQ-OSS (vs pre-implantation: +43 points; 95% CI 36-49; p<0.0001) were sustained and unchanged from 6 months (LVEF: -0.1%; 95% CI -2-2; p=0.87; KCCQ-OSS:-2; 95% CI -8-4; p=0.49). The 6MWD remained improved (vs pre-implantation: +150 m; 95% CI 109-191; p<0.0001), with a modest decrease (-31 m; 95% CI -56- -7; p=0.013) from 6 months. Improvements in NYHA class (≥1-class improvement in 77% patients) were sustained. Three (10%) patients required device reactivation. CONCLUSION Among patients previously treated with C-MIC device, improvements in LVEF, 6MWD, NYHA class and KCCQ-OSS were sustained, with a favorable safety profile 12 months post-deactivation.

Organic semiconductors, particularly conjugated polymers, are critical for advancing flexible electronics. Their electrical conductivity is enhanced by increasing carrier concentration through doping by blending small atoms or molecules, which can introduce Coulombic traps and disrupt packing. Here, we elucidate a molecular design principle that leverages dopant energy depth quantified by ΔE, which is the difference between appropriate frontier orbital energies of the doped polymer and its counterion, to mitigate disorder and simultaneously improve conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient. Using a modified Gaussian disorder model that incorporates carrier screening, we simulate the density of states and validate our findings experimentally with iodine- and Magic Blue-doped poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Our results reveal that deeper dopant frontier energy levels significantly reduce energetic disorder and enhance transport properties when the carrier-counterion separation is small. We identify a saddle-point behavior in conductivity as a function of ΔE and show that ΔE can significantly boost conductivity when the dopant is located close to the backbone. This work introduces ΔE as a powerful molecular lever for designing high-performance organic semiconductors, offering a new design rule to overcome the long-standing trade-off between conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, thereby increasing thermoelectric efficiency in doped conjugated polymers.

The aim of this study was to assess the possible adverse effects of different dietary regimens—namely diets based onbakery products and meat products—on erythrocytes, their morphology, erythrocyte indices, platelets, leukocytes, andthe leukogram in rats during late puerperium. A monotonous diet may affect the hematological profile and potentiallycause pathophysiological disorders. The study included 18 clinically healthy rats in the late puerperal period, divided intothree groups of six animals each: a group fed meat products (Group M), a group fed bakery products (Group H), and acontrol group (Group K) that consumed standard pelleted rodent feed. All groups of rats were fed their respective dietsseparately for a period of 49 days. At the end of the experimental period, hematological blood analyses were performed.Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among the groups for the parameters MCV, MCH, and PLT. It wasalso established that HCT, HGB, MCV, and MCH values in the experimental bakery-product group (H) were lower than boththe physiological reference intervals and the corresponding values in the control group (K). Moderate anulocytosis wasobserved, accompanied by hypochromic erythrocytes of reduced volume. Regarding the experimental group that consumedprocessed meat products, the results indicated the presence of hypochromic anemia, as evidenced by decreasedHGB, MCV, and MCH values. Examination of peripheral blood smears revealed the presence of poikilocytotic erythrocyteforms, namely echinocytes, with a notable percentage occurrence (14.05%) within microscopic fields of view. A diet basedon bakery products led to changes in hematological parameters, resulting in the development of iron-deficiency anemia.Furthermore, prolonged consumption of meat products contributed to the development of hypochromic anemia and suggestedpossible impairment of kidney function. This study demonstrated that rats during the late puerperal period are notimmune to the adverse effects of a monotonous meat-based diet nor to a monotonous diet consisting of bakery products.

Darts is a precision-based sport that requires a high level of motor control, coordination, and psychological stability. The aim of this review paper is to synthesize current scientific knowledge on the determinants of performance in darts, with a focus on motor skills, biomechanics, and psychological factors. A narrative review methodology was used, drawing from studies in motor control, sport psychology, and skill acquisition. The findings suggest that successful darts performance depends on fine motor control, movement consistency, visual–motor coordination, and mental focus. Psychological factors such as concentration, anxiety regulation, and self-confidence play a crucial role in performance under pressure. Additionally, deliberate practice and repetition are essential for skill acquisition. This review highlights the importance of integrating physical and psychological training in darts.

Kinesiology, as the scientific study of human movement, has undergone substantial conceptual and structural changes over the past decades. According to Mraković, kinesiology is defined as an empirical, experimentally based science that studies the laws, principles, and patterns of controlled and purposeful physical activity and its effects on the human organism. This definition highlights the scientific and systematic nature of the discipline. The aim of this review paper is to examine the development of kinesiology in the 21st century, with particular emphasis on its paradigm shift from a practice-oriented field toward an interdisciplinary scientific discipline. The analysis is based on foundational and contemporary literature, including empirical and systematic studies . The findings suggest that kinesiology has evolved into a comprehensive field integrating biological, social, and behavioural sciences. Modern kinesiology focuses on health, performance, and human development, addressing global challenges such as physical inactivity and chronic disease. The discipline is increasingly recognised as a central scientific framework for understanding human movement in the 21st century. The review further demonstrates that the future development of kinesiology will depend on interdisciplinary collaboration, methodological standardization, international scientific cooperation, and the integration of emerging technologies such as wearable sensors, artificial intelligence, motion analysis systems, and precision exercise medicine. These developments position kinesiology as a central scientific discipline for addressing contemporary challenges in health, human performance, and physical activity across the lifespan.

Background: Technological changes and the demand for digital-based financial services have driven the gold pawn industry in Indonesia to undertake innovative governance and regulatory transformations to address the public's need for safe, fast, and transparent access to financing. Methods: This study uses a normative legal research approach that analyzes the synchronization of regulations, corporate governance principles, and harmonization of legal norms related to the digital gold pawn business by applying legal document analysis. Findings: The study results show that the implementation of digitalization expands the reach of services and improves operational efficiency. However, regulatory synchronization, data security, transaction validity, and consumer protection remain key challenges that require continuous policy adaptation. Conclusion: Strengthening adaptive governance and responsive regulatory updates are key to maintaining public trust in digital gold pawn services. Collaboration between regulators, industry players, and public education is crucial to support financial inclusion and protect public interests. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the harmonization of regulations for the gold pawn business in the digital era, highlighting the need for legal protection and technology-based governance strategies, and emphasizing the relevance of digital literacy for the sustainability of the pawn industry in Indonesia.

The increasing complexity of Internet of Things (IoT) environments requires adaptive mechanisms for efficient service allocation across distributed infrastructures. Existing approaches are often focused on specific optimization algorithms or isolated Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, lacking a unified framework for decision-making across IoT, Fog/Edge, and Cloud layers. This paper proposes a modular QoS-aware decision-making framework that integrates QoS profiles, key performance indicators (KPIs), utility functions, and multi-criteria decision-making mechanisms to support both static and dynamic service allocation. The framework considers service execution latency, energy consumption, network throughput, and network coverage as decision criteria and enables adaptive balancing of conflicting QoS requirements. Its applicability is demonstrated through a smart transportation use case involving multiple service allocation scenarios across CRU, Fog, and Cloud infrastructures. The results confirm that different allocation strategies exhibit distinct QoS trade-offs and demonstrate the suitability of the proposed framework for adaptive and resource-efficient service allocation in layered IoT architectures.

Large‐scale assessments such as the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) provide valuable opportunities to examine factors associated with academic achievement across educational contexts. Using TIMSS 2023 data from Bosnia and Herzegovina, this study examined the association between teacher job satisfaction and students' mathematics achievement while controlling for socioeconomic status (SES) and gender. Data were analyzed using three‐level hierarchical linear modeling to account for the nested structure of students within classrooms and schools. Mathematics achievement was represented by the five TIMSS plausible values, and parameter estimates were pooled using Rubin's rules. Results showed that both individual and school‐level SES were strong positive predictors of mathematics achievement, while boys scored slightly higher than girls. School socioeconomic composition emerged as the strongest predictor in the models. Teacher job satisfaction showed a small but statistically significant positive association with achievement after controlling for socioeconomic factors and school climate indicators. In contrast, perceptions of safe and orderly schools and school emphasis on academic success were not significantly associated with achievement. These findings highlight the importance of socioeconomic context in shaping educational outcomes while suggesting that teacher job satisfaction may represent an additional factor associated with students' mathematics achievement.