Introduction: The increase in the percentage of the Cesarean sections has got an important place in determination of modern obstetrics. The evaluation of that needs actual, modern opinion for obstetrics and transformation actual obstetric science than investigating the best situation for the mother and child in the actual moment. All medical, organizational, economic and ethical capacities with support of modern diagnostic and therapeutic procedures present a reason for the access in modern obstetrics. It takes the descriptive and analytic method at work. In our country the percentage of the Caesarean section is 15% (according to WHO data), with large variations in frequency depending on the writer and the investigated time. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of Cesarean section in Bosnia and Herzegovina until 2017. Patients and Methods: In our investigation made prospective and target analysis is investigated at 2017 as a target year. Sources are: patient charts, notes and charts of new born. Group A presents number investigated patients with made Cesarean section in time at one year (2017) in General hospital „Prim.dr A.Nakaš“. Group B presents control group with identical number of deliveries with Cesarean section in 2007 in General hospital „Prim.dr A. Nakaš“ with all variables who detected in investigation group. Results: Analysis the number of deliveries finished Cesarean section in time from 2007 to 2017 in General hospital „Prim.dr Abdulah Nakaš “Sarajevo presents augmentation frequency from 15,5 % in 2007 year to 21,7 % in 2011; smaller number in 2012 to 20,3% and finally 22.9% in 2017 for all deliveries. Conclusion: Our investigation shows an important number of Cesarean section and is still working because of clearer obstetric indication but they make a vital indication for the mother and baby. It worries percent of poorly described indications, that are something important for the comfort of doctor and any patients that wants natural delivery. It worries the public because the more important short term and long-term unwanted effects; Cesarean delivery in correlation with augmentation of this operation.

Abstract The main goal of this paper is to examine the influence of macro factors and the degree of the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) on aggregate and disaggregate import prices of the industrial sectors in the short- and long-run. The study is based on a model used by Campa and Goldberg (2002) and Campa et al. (2005). The ERPT is determined by applying the single equation and the cointegration approach (autoregressive distributed lag model [ARDL]), vector decomposition, and data over the period from 2002Q1 to 2016Q4. In the long-run, the ERPT is complete for the aggregate import and for the industrial sector beverages and tobacco. In the short-run, the ERPT is incomplete for the aggregate import and for majority of industrial sectors. Further, we have discovered that the degree of the ERPT is higher with heterogeneous products than with homogeneous products. Due to the inaccessibility of data for micro factors, we were not able to determine their effect on import prices. The results of our research can help economic policymakers to create adequate measures in the field of economic policies that will improve the competitiveness of the economy. Finally, this paper identified the effect of the volatility degree of the ERPT on the disaggregate import prices of industrial sectors that has not been sufficiently explored so far.

The Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (PReS) has over many years, developed a portfolio of educational activities to address increasing educational needs of workforce and support young clinicians to acquire skills to develop new knowledge and deliver clinical care in the future. These educational activities aim to facilitate growth of paediatric rheumatology and ultimately improve the clinical care for children and families. This article describes the current portfolio of PReS educational activities and their relevance to the international paediatric rheumatology community.

Pustahija, F., Bašić, N. & Siljak-Yakovlev, S.: Chromosome numbers and genome size data for some Balkan species. [In Kamari, G., Blanché, C. & Siljak-Yakovlev, S. (eds), Mediterranean plant karyological data 28]. – Fl. Medit. 28: 420-428. doi: 10.7320/FlMedit28.420 Chromosome numbers and metaphase plates are given for eight species, seven from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Alnus × pubescens, Erythronium dens-canis, Genista tinctoria, Leucanthemum vulgare, Melittis melissophyllum, Orchis mascula, Stachys recta), and one species from F.Y.R.O.M. (Scorzonera austriaca). Chromosome counts and genome sizes are discussed.

Abstract This study estimates the present and future distribution potential of 12 thermophilic and rare tree species for Europe based on climate-soil sensitive species distribution models (SDMs), and compares them to the two major temperate and boreal tree species (Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies). We used European national forest inventory data with 1.3 million plots to predict the distribution of the 12 + 2 tree species in Europe today and under future warming scenarios of +2.9 and +4.5 °C. The SDMs that were used to calculate the distributions were in a first step only given climate variables for explanation. In a second step, deviations which could not be explained by the climate models were tested in an additional soil variable-based model. Site-index models were applied to the found species distribution to estimate the growth performance (site index) under the given climate. We find a northward shift of 461 km and 697 km for the thermophilic species over the regarded time period from 2060 to 2080 under a warming scenario of 2.9 °C and 4.5 °C, respectively. Potential winners of climatic warming have their distribution centroid below 48°N. Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies will lose great parts of their potential distribution range (approx. 55 and 60%, respectively). An index of area gain and growth performance revealed Ulmus laevis, Quercus rubra, Quercus cerris and Robinia pseudoacacia as interesting alternatives in managed temperate forests currently dominated by F. sylvatica and P. abies. The 12 investigated species are already in focus in forestry and it has been shown that the changing climate creates conditions for a targeted promotion in European forests. Nevertheless, area winners exhibited lower growth performances. So, forest conversion with these warm-adapted species goes hand in hand with loss of overall growth performance compared to current species composition. So, the results are a premise for a further discussion on the ecological consequences and the consistency with forest socio-economic goals and conservation policies.

This paper is motivated by the control of robot teams by a human. Control challenges arise because i) typically, the team needs to achieve multiple control objectives, shared between the robot team and the human, in order to accomplish a task, ii) robust stability needs to be guaranteed to facilitate the safe interaction with the human and the apriori unknown environment. The concept of passivity has been successfully applied for robust stabilization of robotic systems, however, not in the context of shared control in human-robot team interaction. In this paper we propose a novel control approach which decouples the robot team dynamics into multiple subsystems, each having a different control objective. The proposed control law, suitable for the interaction of the robot team with the human or environment, guarantees passivity of the subsystems. The approach is illustrated in a simulation.

Abstract This paper aimed to investigate metaphorical images used by master’s students in order to gain an insight into their schemata for thinking about the process of master’s thesis writing. Semistructured interviews on the topic of master’s thesis writing with three students coming from humanities, social sciences and natural sciences served as a corpus from which the data were extracted. The paper analysed participants’ unconscious use of metaphorical language in their narratives, mirroring their perception of the thesis writing process. The results revealed that the participants’ personal experience revolves around the concept of journey as the central image they share and the journey metaphor, along with a group of related specific metaphors, serves to illustrate the complexity of the writing process itself.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a disease that affects more than 50 million people worldwide. This most common chronic neurological disorder, which actually represents impairment of some brain structures, makes the patients suffering from epilepsy victims of environmental stigma, which, due to ignorance, is considered them to be mentally ill. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the demographic data of epilepsy patients, disease duration, frequency of seizures and type of therapy (mono/polytherapy), determine the existence of depressive symptomatology in patients with epilepsy and to examine predictive gender significance, degree of education, employment status, type of epileptic seizure on the presence of stigma. Patients and methods: The sample consisted of 100 respondents, both sexes, treated in the Epilepsy Outpatient Clinic of the Clinic for Neurology of the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, selected randomly. All respondents fulfilled the Mini Mental Status Test. Patients who met the required score (27 and more of a total of 30) performed a test to evaluate the possible presence of depressive affective disorder with Back’s Depression Scale. They also responded to the questionnaire of the revised version of Epilepsy Stigma Scale. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 37.46±11.9 years. Men are on average older 40.84±11.9 years, than women 34.69±11.2 in the tested sample, and the difference shown is statistically significant, p=0.009. The difference in the frequency of respondents by status of employment is statistically significant, χc2=50.4; p=0.0001. According to Beck’s Depression Scale, a total of 15 respondents were without a stigma, a total of 51 respondents felt mild stigma, and 34 respondents felt high level of stigma, 18 of which (52.9%) with score ≤9, 2 (5.9%) score 10-15, 4 (11.8%) had a score of 16-19, 4 (11.8%) score of 20-29, while 6 (17.6%) had a score of ≥30. The degree of depression and the degree of stigma are in correlation, p=0.011. The time without epileptic seizures was approximately 6 (3-8) months for respondents without stigma, in respondents with mild stigma 4 (3-6) months and respondents with high stigma 6 (4-9) months. The mean time without epileptic seizures is statistically significantly different in relation to the degree of stigma, p=0.026 Conclusion: The results of this study showed that poor control of epileptic seizures and the presence of depression had a significant predictive value for the development of the stigma. Therefore, in addition to establishing good control over epileptic manifestations, it is extremely important to pay attention to psychological changes, to raise awareness in the community, to continuously carry out education, in order to have the best outcomes in treatment of a patient with epilepsy.

Studying the hazel flowering was carried out in agro-ecological conditions of the Banja Luka in the period from December to March during 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. The study was conducted on 13 hazel cultivars in two orchards. In the first orchard, the following four cultivars were observed: ‘Tankoljuskasti’, ‘Multiflora’, ‘Merveille de Bollwiller’and ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’, whilst the second orchard included the following: ‘Hall’s Giant’, ‘Gustav’s Zellernuss’, ‘Istrian Round’, ‘Avellana’, ‘Romai’, ‘Apolda’, ‘Ludolph’s Zellernuss’, ‘Imperiale de Trebizonde’and ‘Jean’s’. Phenological observations of the development of flowering phenophase with the aforementioned cultivars were monitored every three days in both years. In 2010/2011 the blooming of male and female inflorescence of the observed hazel cultivars lasted from late December to mid-March in total. The presence and pollen germination was proven to be a limiting factor for a successful pollination and fruit set in 2011. Namely, the pollen of cultivars: ‘Hall’s Giant’, ‘Istrian Round’, ‘Ludolph’s Zellernuss’, ‘Avellana’, ‘Imperiale de Trebizonde’ and ‘Romai’ did not germinate, and with ‘Gustav’s Zellernuss’, pollen germination was very low (7,22%). In ‘Apolda’, ‘Jean’s’, ‘Merveille de Bollwiller’, ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’, ‘Multiflora’ and ‘Tankoljuskasti’ pollen germination ranged between 28,57-81,69%. In 2011/2012 the flowering of male and female inflorescence of the observed hazel cultivars started 30 to 45 days later than the previous year i.e., female inflorescence of all the observed cultivars bloomed in early and mid-March, except in ‘Tankoljuskasti’, in which female inflorescence bloomed in late January and early February. Male inflorescence of ‘Tankoljuskasti’, ‘Hall’s Giant’ and ‘Gustav’s Zellernuss’ bloomed in the second half of January and early February, and in all other cultivars in mid-March. Pollen germination in 2012 proved to be a limiting factor for ‘Apolda’ and ‘Romai’, as their pollen did not germinate, as well as for ‘Hall’s Giant’ and ‘Jean’s’ where pollen germination was below 5%. For other cultivars, pollen germination was very good and ranged from 37,24 (‘Merveille de Bollwiller’) to 73,97% (‘Multiflora’). Based on the analysis of dynamics of blooming and pollen germination of 13 hazel cultivars in two years, the monitoring of pollen germination and strategy of artificial pollination must be adopted as a basic approach to control hazel fertility in the conditions of the Banja Luka region.

Abstract Despite numerous scholarly attempts, there is a lack of consensus regarding the relevance of various factors influencing consumer’s intention to purchase organic food. The purpose of this study is to asses the impact of subjective and personal norms on consumer attitude toward buying organic food. Moreover, this study aims to explore the moderating role of contextual factors - product knowledge and consumer scepticism on the norms- attitude link. Data were collected through an online survey on a sample of 212 organic food buyers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Moderated regression analysis was used to test the hypothesized relations between the constructs of interest. Findings indicate the subjective and personal norms are positively and significantly related to consumer attitude toward organic food purchases. Also, our findings revealed that product knowledge strengthens the subjective norms-attitude relationship, while consumer scepticism toward organic food claims weakens the subjective norms-attitude link. This study informs producers, marketers, and policy-makers about the relative importance of norms, scepticism, and knowledge in the context of organic food consumption.

Electrical measurement of degradation in metal films induced by high thermo-mechanical stress is not possible. Therefore, different imaging methods are used in practice to visualize the changes in material microstructure. In this work, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) cross section images of the metal layer of interest that illustrate the fatigue induced degradation and material microstructure are analyzed. We propose an unsupervised algorithm for detection and quantitative assessment of the damage in mentioned images. In the first stage of the algorithm, the metal layer of interest is extracted from the background using k-Means method. In the second stage, the non-local means (NL-means) denoising method with automatically computed standard noise deviation followed by post-processing and k-Means is used to detect the damage patterns. Visual and quantitative evaluation of results reveals that the algorithm provides robust and plausible results.