Recent research has uncovered a developmental paradox within theory of mind. While spontaneous response measures indicate sensitivity to false beliefs in infants before their first birthday, tasks involving elicited response measures of false belief are only passed consistently from 4 years of age. In adults, it has been suggested that these spontaneous responses may result from a minimal theory of mind system, which allows rapid and automatic attribution of mental states to others.It has been proposed that the limitations of the minimal system in adults may resemble the limitations demonstrated by non-human animals in tasks thought to involve mental state attribution. Here we have adapted the specific satiety paradigm used with Eurasian jays to investigate adult humans’ anticipatory looking responses based on another individual’s specific satiety.Although no clear evidence was found for spontaneous desire attribution in this study, it is difficult to draw conclusions from these results given the small sample sizes available and the current replication failures of studies demonstrating spontaneous responses to false belief.

Nanocrystalline domains can be used to create robust anti-fatigue-fracture hydrogels for artificial cartilages and soft robots. The emerging applications of hydrogels in devices and machines require hydrogels to maintain robustness under cyclic mechanical loads. Whereas hydrogels have been made tough to resist fracture under a single cycle of mechanical load, these toughened gels still suffer from fatigue fracture under multiple cycles of loads. The reported fatigue threshold for synthetic hydrogels is on the order of 1 to 100 J/m2. We propose that designing anti-fatigue-fracture hydrogels requires making the fatigue crack encounter and fracture objects with energies per unit area much higher than that for fracturing a single layer of polymer chains. We demonstrate that the controlled introduction of crystallinity in hydrogels can substantially enhance their anti-fatigue-fracture properties. The fatigue threshold of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a crystallinity of 18.9 weight % in the swollen state can exceed 1000 J/m2.

The aim of the research was to make a socio-pedagogical description of the minors’ causal attributions for their own delinquent behavior, based on the attitudes expressed by juvenile delinquents. Moreover, the aim was to reveal whether there is a statistically significant correlation between internal and external factors of delinquent behavior. A method of theoretical analysis and a descriptive-analytical method were employed, while a Delinquent Behavior Attribution Scale (Ricijaš, 2009) was used as an instrument. The current research sample consisted of 205 juvenile delinquents aged 14-18 coming from the Zenica-Doboj Canton and showing some forms of risky and delinquent behavior. The results related to the internal causes of delinquent behavior showed that the young people mostly emphasize the following causes: antisocial tendencies, followed by unthoughtfulness, personal frustration, and susceptibility to peer pressure. The results associated with external causes of delinquent behavior indicated that the young people emphasize poverty and material benefit as causes in most cases, followed by excessive control and supervision by parents, poor family relationships, situation in which the minor is, narcotics, antisocial peers, permissive parents and alcohol. The results pertaining to the relationship between internal and external causes of delinquent behavior revealed that there is a statistically significant correlation between internal and external causes of delinquent behavior. It was concluded that socio-pedagogical preventive acting should include a range of factors exerting an influence on the personality development of young people, and that socio-pedagogical programs for providing support to juvenile delinquents should be created and realized with the aim to reduce and eliminate the causes of their delinquent behavior, and to contribute to their better resocialization.

Ḥadiths that have been discussed in this paper consist of narrations regarding divine attributes and having some problematic meanings between supporters of Bishr al-Marīsī and ʿUthmān al-Dārimī. These narrations were mostly accepted denounced (munkar) by Bishr alMarīsī and his supporters due to having an anthropormophist and corporealist content about God. They rejected divine attributes according to their understanding of God based on incomparability (tanzīh) which provided by Muʿtazilite approach towards divine attributes even though they conveyed some features of Ahl al-Ra’y. They found contradicted of attributing human features to God based on their tanzīh understanding, therefore, they interpreted such this kind of narrations in terms of their approach or rejected at all. At the other hand, a hard Ḥadith scholar ʿUthmān al-Dārimī believed that one should accept divine attributes as they are in the Qurʾān and Sunna. According to his belief, he considered the explicit meanings of the narrations without interpretation of divine attributes, and based on his perspective he denied Bishr al-Marīsī (d. 218 /833) and his supporters’ interpretations claiming they would cause divesting God of all attributes (ṭaʿtīl). He argues that these narrations should be taken into considerations based on their explicit meanings. The discussions on these ḥadiths are important due to showing different approaches of scholars from the schools of Ahl al-Raʾy and the ones from Ahl al-Ḥadīth towards the ḥadith during the period when the main Ḥadith works were collected. Discussions on the narrations studied in this paper reveal two schools’ understandings of divine issues, their approaches to divine attributes, as well inform us their perspectives of ḥadith in general.

Explosive forming appeared at the end of the 19th century as unconventional technology that provides new methods to get workpieces with bigger dimensions and complex geometries. As a source of energy this technology uses explosives. Explosive, as such, is relatively inexpensive and theoretically with it, it is possible to get any amount of energy that is needed. Explosive forming is used with other technologies such as deep drawing, expansion of pipes, welding etc. One of the main explosive characteristics is the velocity of detonation that can be determined, inter alia, with the Dautrich method. This paper clarifies the method and gives a case study with explosive Vitezit 20.

Access to orphan drugs (In EU regulation Orphan Drugs are refered as Orphan Medi- cinal Products (OMP)) is a key role in determining whether patients with rare diseases (RDs) will receive adequate and efficient treatment. The objective of this article is to identify differences in patient access to orphan drugs in 3 pharmaceutical markets: Serbia, Croatia and Macedonia. Patient access was defined: as the market access (availability) and affordability (financial accessibility). We analysed the legislative requirements for the authorisation process and made a cross country comparison. Retrospective cross-sectional analysis was done on drug lists in selected countries and a cross-comparison between the List of Orphan Drugs in Europe (LODE) for a six-month period (May 2014-October 2014). We included all 179 OMPs marketed in EU in our analysis, which had received market authorization in Croatia upon its membership in the EU. Total number of marketed drugs in Serbia was 59 (32.96%) drugs and in Macedonia 52 (29.05%) drugs. However, market authorization does not guarantee patient access to any given drug, so only 39.11% of OMPs could be accessed by Croatian patients (70 drugs).The number of refunded drugs in Serbia and Macedonia was smaller (32 and 20, respectively) which makes respectively, 17.88% and 11.17% of drugs on the LODE. The present study showed some variations between countries in selected indicators of availability and access to orphan drugs. Patients in Croatia had greater number of registered and refunded drugs, but in Serbia more than a half of registered OMPs could be refunded from National Health Insurance Fund. Macedonia had smaller number of inhabitants and also had the smaller number of patients from certain RDs which results in lower total number of OMPs. Acta Medica Medianae 2018;57(4):43-51. (OMP), affordability, availability, rare diseases, legislative requirements

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is an annual plant from Polygonaceae family which is well known as pseudocereal with high nutritional value. The yield and quality of the buckwheat`s kernel depend on weather conditions, mainly due to variations in the air temperatures and precipitation during the growing period. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of some metrological parameters on yields and chemical compositions in the kernel of buckwheat. Field experiments were conducted during three years (2011, 2012 and 2013) in the village Donje Selo, near Ilijaš. In this study grain yield, protein content, sludge, fats, mineral matter, cellulose and total phenols were determined. Experimental results suggested that the weather conditions in different years of the research have a significant impact on the yield and the chemical composition of the kernel. The yield of buckwheat varied from the year to year and ranged from 0.98 to 1.29 tons per hectare.

A CMOS controllable constant-power source suitable for thermal-based sensor applications is presented in this paper. It is based on the resistive mirror method. The stability of the proposed controllable constant-power source is not dependent on either the load resistance or the generated power. A generated power dynamic range of 46.2 (33.3 dB), a load resistance dynamic range of 5 (14 dB), a voltage efficiency of 0.81, and a relative error of the generated power less than 2.3 %, with a single supply voltage of 10 V have been measured. The stability test has been carried out using the resistive load in a pulse mode operation confirming the predictions of the analysis performed. In addition, a figure of merit is introduced in order to improve the quality of the performance comparison among the state-of-the-art in the area of controllable constant-power sources.

SONEMUS is an organization established in 2001 for the purpose of performing, promoting and educating in the domain of contemporary music. The SONEMUS Festival is the only festival of its kind in Bosnia and Herzegovina and that is the reason for its great importance for the development and expansion of 21st-century culture and art in the home country, as well asin the region of Southeast Europe. So far, a large number of projects have takenplace under the name of SONEMUS, including a variety of concerts,workshops and lectures. From 2015 to 2018, the Society has registered fourfestivals of exceptional importance for musical life in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Consequently, this article will review of the Festival’s development over the past four years.

The paper presents results of combined, conventional and non-conventional, approach for evaluation of mechanical and technological properties of structural steel's welded joints. The selected structural steels are in the range of most common used strength level(s), as well as corresponding various chemical composition concept(s) and processing routes. A short review regarding weldability is presented based on recommendation provided in EN 1011-2, manufacturers recommendation, and own results. However, even it is a well-known fact, mismatching of properties is presented rather to provide sense of its level for particular steel grades. Moreover, the level of under-matching of weakest weld zone (coarse grained heat affected zone), provided by mean of welding thermo-cycle simulation is presented. This is due to the fact that such estimation is not possible with everyday conventional (standardized) testing. The most important design and technological properties of welded joint(s) are considered; e.g. strength, ductility, hardness, microstructure and toughness.