Abstract Plant bioflavonoids are widely present in the human diet and have various protective properties. In this study, we have demonstrated the capacity of delphinidin and luteolin to increase human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression level and act as protective agents against halogenated boroxine-induced genotoxic damage. Halogenated boroxine K2(B3O3F4OH) (HB), is a novel compound with potential for the treatment of both benign and malignant skin changes. In vivo and in vitro studies have confirmed the inhibitory effects of HB on carcinoma cell proliferation and cell cycle progression as well as enzyme inhibition. However, minor genotoxic effects of HB are registered in higher applied concentrations, but those can be suppressed by in vitro addition of delphinidin and luteolin in appropriate concentrations. Fresh peripheral blood samples were cultivated for 72 h followed by independent and concomitant treatments of HB with luteolin or delphinidin. We analyzed the differences in relative hTERT expression between series of treatments compared with controls, which were based on normalized ratios with housekeeping genes. The obtained results have shown that selected bioflavonoids induce upregulation of hTERT that may contribute to the repair of genotoxic damage in vitro.

In past five years, there has been a rapid increase in the publication on additive manufacturing (AM). Many technologies have been introduced in a rapidly growing market. The designers are confronted with many challenges in designing products for additive manufacturing. AM offers significant advantages, but there are also many constraints for AM to be used in its full potential. This paper explores trends, issues and challenges in design for AM, including associated costs, design options, quality considerations. It has been found that AM is in its infancy, there is insufficient understanding of the process, method, strategies, tools applied in design for additive manufacturing process, while process quality and capabilities are continuously improving

The significant contribution of R&D to economic development and sustainability has been shown by various studies. Therefore, governments offer different fiscal instruments to attract R&D, especially regarding multinational entities (MNEs). One of the fiscal instruments are tax incentives for R&D. Furthermore, the EU has been working on the switch from Separate Taxation (ST) to Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) for longer than a decade, which will lead to harmonized R&D tax allowances, however without harmonizing the tax rates. Hence, this study aims at analyzing how ST and CCCTB impact the location of MNEs' R&D activities, tax burden and countries' tax revenue through a case study. The results show that, under ST, tax jurisdictions can stimulate MNEs' R&D activities by means of attractive tax allowances and lower tax rates. Especially for high-tax countries, the tax allowances represent an important tool for attracting R&D activities. However, under CCCTB, the location of R&D activities additionally depends on the Formula Apportionment (FA) factors of the tax base, where the countries cannot exert a direct influence. Hence, the reduction of tax rates remains the only tool left to Member States, which can lead to revenue loss on the whole. Furthermore, the FA of the tax base under CCCTB mitigates the impact of any dislocation of R&D to a low-tax country, which, under ST, leads to larger tax savings of MNEs and its impact on jurisdictions' tax revenue is greater.