Embedded systems, particularly when integrated into the Internet of Things (IoT) landscape, are critical for projects requiring robust, energy-efficient interfaces to collect real-time data from the environment. As these systems become complex, the need for dynamic reconfiguration, improved availability, and stability becomes increasingly important. This paper presents the design of a framework architecture that supports dynamic reconfiguration and “on-the-fly” code execution in IoT-enabled embedded systems, including a virtual machine capable of hot reloads, ensuring system availability even during configuration updates. A “hardware-in-the-loop” workflow manages communication between the embedded components, while low-level coding constraints are accessible through an additional abstraction layer, with examples such as MicroPython or Lua. The study results demonstrate the VM’s ability to handle serialization and deserialization with minimal impact on system performance, even under high workloads, with serialization having a median time of 160 microseconds and deserialization having a median of 964 microseconds. Both processes were fast and resource-efficient under normal conditions, supporting real-time updates with occasional outliers, suggesting room for optimization and also highlighting the advantages of VM-based firmware update methods, which outperform traditional approaches like Serial and OTA (Over-the-Air, the ability to update or configure firmware, software, or devices via wireless connection) updates by achieving lower latency and greater consistency. With these promising results, however, challenges like occasional deserialization time outliers and the need for optimization in memory management and network protocols remain for future work. This study also provides a comparative analysis of currently available commercial solutions, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.

This paper is based on the analysis of the relationship between early education, mathematical skills, and student achievement in Bosnia & Herzegovina, using data from the trends in international mathematics and science study (TIMSS) 2019. The study involves 5,628 fourth-grade students whose average age was 10.1 years. The research specifically focuses on factors such as the age of students at the beginning of schooling, attendance at preschool institutions, and their mathematical skills before starting school. Through the application of SPSS analysis, insights into the statistical relationships and trends between these factors are provided, emphasizing the importance of early educational experiences to improve the quality of education in Bosnia & Herzegovina. The analysis results show that the length of stay in preschool institutions, attendance in preschool programs, and the early acquisition of mathematical skills (counting skills, recognition of numeral representations, numeral writing, simple addition, and subtraction) impact later mathematical achievements of students.

Students in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) score very low on international assessments (TIMSS & PISA), lower than the countries in the region with which it shares similar background. In this paper the characteristics of teachers’ professional development (TPD) in the region of Western Balkan countries (Albania, B&H, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia) and Croatia are brought into correlation with average results in mathematics and science on TIMSS 2019. Research questions analyze teachers’ attitudes towards their profession and investigate the impact of professional development (PD) of mathematics and science teachers in the last two years, with a specific focus on the situation in B&H, on students’ achievement in mathematics and science. The findings indicate a lack of TPD as a contributing factor to lower results in B&H. The research suggests that B&H should consider reforms in the education system and enhance teachers’ attitudes towards their profession through intensified PD programs to advance education and learning.

This paper presents a new method that enables automatic channel change in case of intense interference on the active channel of a wireless communication point-to-point link. Channel change algorithms on the master and slave side of the communication link are presented, which enable the automatic selection of a new communication channel from a predefined set of available communication channels. By applying this method, it is possible to maintain a stable communication link in case of intense unpredictable interference on the transmitter or receiver side. The method applies to two-way master-slave communication links, regardless of the frequency spectrum and the number of used communication channels.

Abstract Within this paper, the possibility of using advanced LoRa technology in the field of long-range remote control was considered. For testing purposes, a one-way point-to-point LoRa remote control link was implemented based on the LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 transceiver and the corresponding 32-bit Cortex-M3 microcontroller. The remote control application software is developed in the Arduino development environment. The implemented link was tested experimentally to check the range, data transfer speed and link stability. Test results show that LoRa transceiver modules can be used in the field of long-range remote control.

Nowadays, when applications are being developed faster with the introduction of agile methodologies and new technologies, microservices are emerging. The microservices make applications easier to create and maintain when broken down into smaller parts, which form a whole application. RabbitMQ acts as an intermediary between the various services. It reduces the load and delivery time on server web applications by delegating tasks that would typically take a lot of time and resources. Message queuing allows web servers to respond quickly to requests rather than being forced to perform complex procedures that can take more time and resources. AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) is a message protocol that deals with publishers and consumers like any other messaging system. Publishers produce messages while consumers download and process them. The job of message brokers, such as RabbitMQ, is to ensure that messages from publishers go to the right consumers. To do this, the broker uses two key components: exchange and order. We demonstrated that the style of microservice architecture is an approach to the development of an application as a set of small services, each in charge of its own process and communication with other services.