Cadmium (Cd) is abundant heavy metal with highly toxic effect on plants. The aim of presented study was to investigate the effect of seed priming using salicylic acid on cadmium tolerance in lettuce. The tolerance level was evaluated using germination speed and percentage, fresh and dry seedling weight, water and photosynthetic pigments content. Control seeds were primed using distilled water. In control plants cadmium induced reduction of germination rate, fresh and dry weight, water and chlorophyll content. Seed priming using salicylic acid, on the other hand, induced increased resistance of lettuce to cadmium toxicity. Increase in germination rate, fresh mass and water content were recorded for plants subjected to 5 mM Cd, grown from seeds primed using salicylic acid. Results obtained by this study suggested that salicylic acid can be used as priming agent in order to alleviate Cd toxicity on lettuce.

MODY (maturity-onset diabetes of the young) is an autosomal dominant form of diabetes that is usually manifested before the 25-year of life. This type of diabetes is caused by defects in the primary insulin secretion. There are several types of MODY, which are monogenic diseases, where mutations in a single gene are responsible for a particular type of MODY. Currently, there are eleven types of MODY, from which the most common types are MODY 2 and MODY 3 (with mutations on GCK and HNF1A genes, respectively). We identified very rare MODY 7 type of diabetes in three family members by MLPA analysis.

Apart from its physiological role in the cellular oxidation of ethanol interesting feature of the ADH1B gene locus is its characteristic geographical distribution in which certain variants of ADH1B peak in different parts of the world.  Therefore, ADH1B rs2066701 polymorphism is exploited as a genetic marker in tracing of the evolutionary processes and human migrations in the past. Taking into consideration the complexity of population genetic structure and several migrations in the history of the Balkan populations, including Bosnian and Herzegovinian, this study aimed to estimate the frequency of ADH1B rs2066701 polymorphism in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The total of 101 randomly sampled individuals was genotyped for rs2066701 polymorphism in ADH1B gene using PCR-RFLP method. The obtained frequencies were used to calculate heterozygosity, fixation indices and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Observed population-structure parameters were compared with other population values available in ALFRED database. Dimensional relations between the investigated populations were visualised with the NM-MDS (non metric multidimensional scaling) analysis using PAST. The minor allele frequency for rs2066701 was 0,257. Inter-population analysis including other European and non-European populations from the ALFRED database proved the above-mentioned European genetic background of the B&H population.

Bu calismanin amaci heavy hybrid hindilerin ince ve kalin bagirsaklarindaki duz kaslarda bulunan adrenerjik reseptorlerin olasi varligini in vitro kosullar altinda farkli konsantrasyonlarda non-selektif adrenerjik reseptor agonisti, noradrenalin, kullanarak belirlemektir. Calisma 24 besi hindisinde gerceklestirildi. Organ izolasyon cihazinda duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cekum ve kolonun muskuler longitudinal ve sirkuler tabakalarinda testler farkli konsantrasyonlarda noradrenalin hydrogentartarate solusyonu kullanilarak test edildi. Calisma besi hindilerinin ince ve kalin bagirsaklarindaki duz kaslarda bulunan adrenerjik reseptorlerin olasi varligini ortaya koymdu. Noradrenalin’in longitudinal tabaka uzerindeki etkisi, besi hindilerinin ince ve kalin bagirsaklarinda ki tunica muscularis sirkuler tabaka uzerinde ki etkisinden daha gucluydu (P<0.001). Farkli konsantrasyonlarda noradrenalin kullanimina iliskin olarak elde edilen sonuclarda da istatistiksel olarak anlamli farkliliklar vardi. Noradrenalinin ince ve kalin bagirsaklarin farkli bolgelerindeki etkilerinde de onemli farkliliklar bulundu. Selektif agonistler ve α ve β reseptor antagonistleri kullanilarak, besi hindilerinin ince ve kalin bagirsak duz kaslarinda daha fazla arastirma yapilmasi gerekmektedir.

Inducing cell death in tumor cells has been recognized as a promising strategy in curing tumors. Parallely, natural products, especially those with long-known usage in folk medicine, are gaining demanding and extensive clinical interests. Aiming to contribute to overall knowledge of curcumin and luteolin antitumour potentials, we analyzed their effects on cell death induction in NFS-60 cell line, using Trypan blue exclusion assay and TransDetect® Anenexin V-EGFP/PI assay. Results show that both tested agents induce cell death, especially in higher applied concentrations, but further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind it.

Rhyacophila Pictet 1834 is globally distributed and highly diverse genus of caddisflies (Trichoptera), characterized by numerous regionally endemic species. In the Balkan Peninsula, the highest number of Rhyacophila species (23) was recorded for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Rhyacophila bosnica Schmid, 1970 is found only in the Balkan Dinaric region, with a locus typicus in Vučja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Like with many species of Trichoptera, the morphology of its larva is still unknown. Therefore, DNA barcoding approach was used to link two developmental stages. In this paper, we report on the first DNA barcode record for this species.

Aim To assess the relationship between the clinical sign of excessive hip abduction (abduction of the hip 90 degrees or more) and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods The research was conducted on 450 newborns in the Neonatal Unit at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics and the Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the University Clinical Centre, Tuzla, between 30th August 2011 and 30th April 2012. Clinical (degree of hip abduction) and ultrasound examination of all newborns hip were performed using the Graf method on their first day of life. Results Clinical sign of excessive hip abduction showed significant predictive value for DDH. There were 37 (8.2%) newborns with the clinical sign of excessive hip abduction, of which 13 of them had DDH while 24 of them did not have this clinical sign. There were 89 newborns, in the overall sample, with one of the forms of DDH, 13 (12.7%) of them had this clinical sign, while from 324 newborns witouth DDH, 24 (6.9%) had this clinical sign. Excessive hip abduction had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 35.1% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 78.5% for DDH. Conclusion Excessive hip abduction is an useful and important clinical sign of DDH. Doctors who perform the first examination of the child after birth, would have to turn their attention to this clinical sign. The newborns with this clinical sign would have to go to an ultrasound examination of the hips for further diagnosis.

The aim of this paper is to examine the roles of the Islamic voluntary sector in two jurisdictions –one is representing an Asian country, Malaysia, and the other is the newest Member State of European Union, Croatia. The investigation undertaken in the research is purely library-based, engaging in secondary data including written rules, guidelines and reports in both jurisdictions. The preliminary findings reveal that there are numerous voluntary efforts being carried out by numerous organizations in both jurisdictions (Malaysia and Croatia), in sectors such as public finance, education, quality of life and health. The research further found that these efforts could potentially bring huge impacts to the development and well-being of the society, in four different dimensions: social, finance, organizational, and legal. This research will contribute to the body of knowledge on voluntary sectors especially on the roles and implications of the voluntary sectors towards shared prosperity of the people and economy in Malaysia and Croatia.

Economic theory suggests that free capital flows increase the efficiency of the resource allocation and stimulate economic growth. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is seen as a remedy for all economic problems in countries that do not have a sufficient level of accumulation to start economic growth. According to economic criteria of Copenhagen, countries that are in the process of European integration should have a functioning market economy able to cope with competition and market forces within the European Union. The greatest expectations regarding the development of a competitive economy in the Southeast European (SEE) countries are precisely related to attraction and exploitation of the positive effects of FDI. This paper explores the impact of FDI on economic growth of the Central European (CE) countries and the SEE countries. The experience of the CE countries can be beneficial for the SEE countries following them in the process of European integration. The results show that FDI flows to the SEE region are significantly lower than to the CE region. Panel analysis has shown a statistically significant impact of FDI on economic growth inboth regions. However, in absolute terms the impact of FDI on economic growth inthe SEE region is almost negligible.

Epilepsy is a paroxysmal cerebral dysrhythmia defined by three important characteristics: the suddenness of the process, brain origin and the disorder of the rhythm of the electrical brain activity (1). Seizures (crises, ictus events, attacks) are common to all epilepsies. They include a variety of clinical manifestations or sudden episodes of disturbance of motor, sensibility, behaviour, perception, awareness or other psychic functions, autonomic and other regulations. The classification of seizures and epilepsy syndrome takes the central place in modern epileptology, although the classification process itself is as old as the study of epilepsy. The international classification, based mainly on the clinical form of seizure and the electroencephalographic findings, was adopted in 1981 and has been further modified. In 1989, ILAE (International League Against Epilepsy) adopted the International classification of epilepsies, epilepsy syndromes and disorders, which highlights the symptoms and signs that show the localization of initial cerebral dysfunction and its spread (2). In 2017, the ILAE released a new classification of seizure types, based upon the existing classification formulated in 1981. and its extension from 2010. The differences include the following: "partial seizures" become "focal"; consciousness is used as a classifier of focal seizures; terms such as „dyscognitive”, „simple partial”, „complex partial”, „psychic” and „secondary generalized” are eliminated; new focal seizures include automatisms, behavioural changes, hyperkinetic, autonomic, cognitive and emotional; atonic, clonic, epileptic spasms, myoclonic, and tonic seizures can be either focal or generalized phenomena; „focal seizure evolving to a bilateral tonic-clonic seizure” replace the term „secondary generalized seizure”; new generalized types of attack are absence with eyelid myoclonia, myoclonic absence, myoclonic-atonic and myoclonic-tonic-clonic and seizures of unknown onset (3). Biometeorology is an interdisciplinary science that studies the interaction system between living organisms and the environment. The biometerological warning, bioforecast, contain a description of the meteorological situation and announces the arrival of those weather conditions which may adversely affect human health in the next days. The goal of bioprognosis is the organization of preventive measures for the protection of the vulnerable groups health (4). Variations in biometeorological factors have an influence on the overall balance of the human body, as well as to changes in the condition of patients, primarily those with chronic diseases. Le Blanc and Mills (1932) stated that one of the oldest and best known disease whose association with climatic factors is mentioned, is epilepsy (5). Fluctuation in some climatic factors, e.g. air pressure, might influence one or more of the above mentioned factors, and thus lead to seizure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of atmospheric pressure on the specific seizure types frequency as well as on patient's subjective perception of the seizure "severity".

This paper analytically presents the factors of entrepreneurial intentions of students in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The research problem can be defined by the question whether today a university can be called an “entrepreneurial university” which educates, prepares and encourages students to start their own business as a career option independently? Do economic policies of small countries contribute to their significant role in encouraging entrepreneurship, and what are predictors of entrepreneurial intentions of students? The study was conducted on a sample of 351 students at the Faculty of Economics of the University of Banja Luka in April 2016, based on previously empirically verified questionnaire that measures the support of closer social environment (friends and family), self-efficacy and acceptability of entrepreneurship as a career, as well as the entrepreneurial intention, through three dimensions of time - starting a business immediately after the end of their formal academic education, within 5 years after graduation and in an indefinite moment in the future. The methods of descriptive statistics, factor and correlation analyses have been applied. The aim of the research is to determine the predictors of entrepreneurial intentions of students in small countries in transition in the case ofstudents from BiH at the early stage during their education and whether their entrepreneurialintentions are influenced by the economic policies through the constructionof entrepreneurial infrastructure institutions? The research results indicate theexistence of clearly defined and mutually comparable latent variables that can beidentified as factors of entrepreneurial intentions of students. Personal competenceand motivation of students are predictors of entrepreneurial intentions, which isnot the case with the “entrepreneurial university” and the institutional support forentrepreneurs who are beginners.

In conditions of significant high youth unemployment rates in the transition countries of Southeast Europe, the subject of special interest of public administration and the academic community is researching the connection between stimulating entrepreneurial activity and launching independent entrepreneurial ventures and self-employment. Also, the subjectof research interest is factors influencing the entrepreneurial affinities andintentions of youth, who are finishing the process of formal education andtrying to get involved in the world of work, either as employees or employers.The subject research was conducted on a purposive (deliberate)sample of 448 respondents in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) andSerbia, collected through online questionnaire, with the aim of comparingcareer aspirations of youth towards entrepreneurial and managerial jobs.The research is an extension of the interest of the academic community,complements the previous intense research from the region of SoutheastEurope and gives a scientific contribution by modifying and testingpreviously conducted empirical research in BiH and Croatia (Umihanić,Đonlagić Alibegović & Alfirević, 2018), extending the sample to Serbia,where significant research of this kind has not been conducted. The results,obtained by using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (F-Test) andPost Hoc Fisher’s LSD test for testing research hypothesis, indicate thatthere are significant differences in the career orientation of the surveyedstudents between three observed countries. In Croatia and Serbia, the impactof society and national culture is neither favourable for entering entrepreneurship,nor for a managerial career. Attitudes are somewhat morefavourable in BiH, but not significantly more favourable in comparison toSerbia and Croatia.

After 21 post-war years Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) found itself in a “middle-income trap”. It is not classified into low income countries because workers and citizens do not accept low wages and low standard of living, nor does it fit into high income countries because those workers do not produce sophisticated products that ensure competitiveness, export and the basis for high wages and the standard of living. The development vision of BiH is to become a high income country. However, the state has neither suitable strategy nor policy.This paper represents a detailed research of multifaceted secondary sources (i.e. journal articles, government publications, internet sources, etc.), conducted in a cross-sectional time manner. By utilizing secondary sources of data we conducted our own calculations based on data from the World Bank, the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina.We hold that key sectors which would provide return to pre-crisis GDP growthrate of 6-7 percent per year, should be: financial system, diaspora and digitalizationof industry (with the introduction of suitable strategies and policies), each of whichwould contribute to GDP growth of two percent per year. The key agents of changeshould be the leaders of value chains (large-scale companies), cities-regions, gazellecompanies (fast growing small and medium size companies) and micro digital companies.