We live in a rapidly changing global society, where no one can predict the outcome of the economic, social, and political structures of the world. Changes in science, technology, and economics are particularly noticeable and are closely linked to human life. These changes create new opportunities but also challenges in new areas of everyday activity in order to achieve sustainable development. For countries to compete with each other, they must be creative and innovative in all fields to cope with domestic, national, and global issues. Current economic competitiveness is based on the capabilities of a country and their respective companies to be and stay innovative. This is the main reason why many governments place innovativeness at the center of their growth strategies so that they can foster economic progress and global competitiveness in general. The recognition and need for identification of innovation as a driver of change are evident on a company level as well. This study will use secondary data collected this year from the World Economic Forum to identify critical challenges and opportunities for B&H competitiveness. Also, the results of this research identified enabling environment and markets impact the innovation ecosystem. Practical contribution relates to concrete implications and recommendations that can be used for the improvement of Bosnia and Herzegovina innovativeness.

both in the prenatal and postnatal period2. The syndrome is like a big puzzle whose parts need to be carefully assembled to get a whole picture.2 Good multidisciplinary approach, proper communication and collaboration with parents and all physician’s involved are required in the diagnostic process. All available resources and tools are needed to increase diagnostic precision in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal syndromes.4

A voltage-controlled current amplifier/attenuator in a standard 0.35-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology is presented. It is based on the resistive mirror method, using non-saturated MOSFETs. An open-loop design with no compensation capacitors provides a high stability and a small occupied chip area of 0.0126 mm². A current gain dynamic range of 513 (54.2 dB), a gain-bandwidth product of 1.78 GHz at the largest current gain of 35.9 dB, and a maximum power consumption of 250 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu }\text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a single supply voltage of 1.3 V are achieved. In addition, an AC current source has been designed, integrated on the same chip, and used as the input of the proposed voltage-controlled amplifier/attenuator.

Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and most heritable childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders, characterized by multifaceted genetics. To date, genetic studies of ADHD focused on additive effects only, explaining just a fraction of its heritability. Thus, we aimed at examining parent of origin effects (POE) together with maternal and additive effects, providing novel insight into the complex genetic architecture of ADHD. Methods We compiled parent-offspring data collected through the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort, consisting of 2060 trios and 328 duos. Additional parent-offspring data is being added. ADHD was diagnosed based on DSM-IV, ICD-10 and child behavior checklist. POE, maternal and additive genetic effects are being evaluated using multinomial modelling implemented in EMIM software. We explored our signals in the light of known imprinted genes (POE) and the largest ADHD Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) in children (N=17666). Gene based analyses are being performed using MAGMA software. Heritability estimates and genetic correlations of the examined effects are being calculated using LD score regression. Results Our preliminary results indicate the presence of non-additive genetic effects in the development of ADHD. Our preliminary strongest imprinting signal is located in CALD1 locus (rs11980823, effect=0.77, SE=0.14, P=1.21E-07). This gene also revealed strong association signal in the previously reported large-scale childhood ADHD GWAS (rs79846815, P=2.03E-06). CALD1 plays essential an role in nerve regeneration, a function previously implicated in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Our preliminary gene-based analyses of the known imprinted genes revealed strong association with TP73 locus (P=0.0034), encoding a transcription factor implicated in disorders of nervous system (e.g. neuroblastoma). Additional hits were noted in the non-coding RNA genes, adding to the recent observations in neuropsychiatric genetics of gene regulation playing a pivotal role in the development of disorders of mental health. Discussion In conclusion, this is the first and the largest genome-wide parent-offspring study in ADHD, exploring its non-additive genetic effects by detecting and distinguishing between POE (imprinting), maternal and child effects. As we increase our sample size, we will provide estimates of such effects as well as those of their heritability and genetic correlations.

The aqueous extract of the Helichrysum italicum leaves (HI) is tested as a corrosion inhibitor of an iron in a simulated acid rain using potentiodynamic polarisation, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results of all electrochemical methods indicate an increase of a corrosion inhibition efficiency of the iron with the HI extract concentration. Maximum inhibition efficiency (~ 50 %) is obtained at 2.0 g L–1 HI extract. The inhibitive action is assumed to occur via an adsorption of the HI extract on the iron surface. Results indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and follows the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. According to the calculated ΔG value (~ 15 kJ mol–1), the corrosion inhibition of the iron occurs predominantly via a physisorption of the HI extract. The concentration of iron ions released into a solution, measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, is in accordance with the electrochemical results.