This study estimates municipal efficiency and economies of scale of municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina by employing data envelopment analysis (DEA) with variable (VRS) and constant (CRS) returns to scale. The results indicate low overall municipal efficiency, with economies of scale reached in very few municipalities. The average municipal efficiency score is 0.7115 under DEA VRS assumption, where only 16% of municipalities are found efficient. The average scale efficiency is 0.7458 with full scale efficiency reached by only 11% of municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Furthermore, the analysis shows strong positive impact of number of inhabitants on overall municipal efficiency. Politically motivated fragmentation of municipalities, aiming to bring peace and stability to the country, did not go hand in hand with improved economic efficiency.

This paper should not be understood as the promotion of a new direction, new ideas, but rather as a kind of reading on what has happened and what is happening in field of the traditional/folk musical opinion in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The focus of our interest is on ethnomusicologists of the older generation, active in the period from 1960s to 1990s, although in the end, instead of the conclusion, we will present what is visible in field of applied ethnomusicology for period from the 1990s to this day.

Ovaj tekst ne treba doživjeti kao promicanje novog smjera, novih ideja, nego kao vrstu iščitavanja onog što je bilo i onog što se zbiva u domeni tradicionalnog/folklornog muzičkog mišljenja u Bosni i Hercegovini. U fokusu ove prezentacije su etnomuzikolozi starije generacije koji su djelovali u vremenu od šezdesetih do devedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, dok ćemo umjesto zaključka na kraju predstaviti ono što je vidljivo u polju aplikativne etnomuzikologije od devedesetih godina do danas.

In his research, the author investigates the extent/ratio of abstraction or visualization in affecting the formation of musical thought, which may lead to the question as to what extent the theoretical knowledge helps the performing practice, and vice versa: does the perception of the selected instrument, and if so - to what extent, can help to more confident knowledge of elementary theory of music? The research is based on the author’s personal experience in the years-long teaching practice.

Autor u istraživanju propituje u kojoj mjeri/omjeru apstrakcija ili vizualizacija utječu na formiranje muzičkog mišljenja što može voditi do pitanja u kojoj mjeri teorijsko znanje pomaže u izvođačkoj praksi, ali i obratno: da li i u kojoj mjeri percepcija odabranog instrumenta može pomoći u sigurnijem znanju elementarne teorije muzike? Istraživanje je bazirano na osobnom iskustvu autora iz višegodišnje nastavne prakse.

Internet users may be asked to manually provide their contact details, including city or full postal address. Examples include use of trial/free applications and services, filling out on-line surveys and petitions, and membership registration to loyalty programs. Many users may provide their correct location, whereas others may submit inaccurate data. The provided locations are used for geo-analytical purposes, including the interpretation of survey results, online content personalization, and targeted marketing. In this paper, we analyze differences in user behavior when they provide their location. We work with two data sets of user-submitted locations. These data sets differ in how the locations were submitted: voluntary by purpose-aware users without being asked to or by requesting it from common Internet users. The locations from the purpose-aware users were about $2.5\times $ more accurate than from the other users. We also present data for selected countries. The best result was found for the users in the USA with a median error of 44 km (the difference between the correct and user-submitted location). The results also show different user behavior that depends on the place from which they provide their location. The locations submitted from home were $1.5\times $ more accurate than from the office.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The best treatment for an avulsed tooth is immediate replantation. If this is not possible, a proper transport medium is required for the maintenance of viability of the periodontal ligament cells (PDL). The aim was to systematically review the efficacy of different storage media used for the survival of PDL cells of avulsed teeth in the in vitro setting. METHODS The search strategy was based on the MeSH keywords in PubMed/MEDLINE: "Transport media for avulsed teeth," "Storage media for avulsed teeth," "Knocked out teeth," "Tooth avulsion," "Biological transport of avulsed tooth," "Cell survival of avulsed tooth," "Cell viability of avulsed tooth," "Tooth replantation," and "Periodontal ligament in avulsed teeth." The "AND" and "OR" Boolean operators were applied to combine keywords. Each study was evaluated for eight criteria, including use of human PDL, in vitro cell culture models, the number of passages, types of storage media, percentages of surviving PDL cells, pH and osmolality of storage media, and the type of test used to asses PDL viability. RESULTS In 15 selected studies, nine storage media (HBSS, tap water, DMEM, milk, saliva, 10% and 20% propolis, Gatorade, and Viaspan) were analyzed at six time points. For storage up to 2 hours, HBSS, DMEM, milk, 10% propolis, 20% propolis, and Viaspan conserved more than 80% of PDL viability. For storage at 24 hours, Viaspan showed best cell survival at 88.4%, followed by DMEM (70.9%) and 10% propolis (68.3%). Milk and HBSS showed similar PDL survival at 24 hours (57.2% and 57.3%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Milk remains the most convenient, cheapest, and readily available solution in most situations while also being capable of keeping PDL cells alive. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of more commonly found storage media besides milk.

Ionizing radiation is known to cause DNA damage, yet the mechanisms underlying potential transgenerational effects of exposure have been scarcely studied. Previously, we observed effects in offspring of zebrafish exposed to gamma radiation during gametogenesis. Here, we hypothesize that these effects are accompanied by changes of DNA methylation possibly inherited by subsequent generations. We assessed DNA methylation in F1 embryos (5.5 hours post fertilization) with whole genome bisulfite sequencing following parental exposure to 8.7 mGy/h for 27 days and found 5658 differentially methylated regions (DMRs). DMRs were predominantly located at known regulatory regions, such as gene promoters and enhancers. Pathway analysis indicated the involvement of DMRs related to similar pathways found with gene expression analysis, such as development, apoptosis and cancers, which could be linked to previous observed developmental defects and genomic instability in the offspring. Follow up of 19 F1 DMRs in F2 and F3 embryos revealed persistent effects up to the F3 generation at 5 regions. These results indicate that ionizing radiation related effects in offspring can be linked to DNA methylation changes that partly can persist over generations. Monitoring DNA methylation could serve as a biomarker to provide an indication of ancestral exposures to ionizing radiation.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of data related to real life, long-term safety, tolerability and compliance of omalizumab treatment in asthma patients beyond 6 years. AIM: Study aimed to assess safety, tolerability, compliance and all reasons for treatment discontinuation during 10 years on omalizumab. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational study of uncontrolled asthma patients receiving omalizumab for the last 10 years. All data were collected from patients’ files (demographics, adverse events, comorbidities, compliance index, reasons for discontinuation of omalizumab). Reactions to omalizumab were classified as local and systemic, and their severity as mild, moderate or severe. Reactions were either immediate (minutes to hours after drug administration) or delayed (after days). Compliance to omalizumab, defined as Compliance index (CI), was calculated by comparing milligrams of given to milligrams of prescribed dose/ per year. RESULTS: Out of 35 patients receiving omalizumab, 15 drop out at different time points mostly due to treatment efficacy or appearance of new comorbidities. Patients who continue for the next ten years had mild to moderate adverse events related to omalizumab. There was no increased risk of severe adverse events during 10 years on omalizumab. Patient’s treatment tolerability, despite mild to moderate adverse events, is in favour of compliance. CONCLUSION: Compliance with omalizumab mildly decreased over 10 years but was not affected by severe adverse events of treatment or new comorbidities. Although, omalizumab is safe medicine appearance of new comorbidities has to be closely followed up.