The aim of this paper is to examine the roles of the Islamic voluntary sector in two jurisdictions –one is representing an Asian country, Malaysia, and the other is the newest Member State of European Union, Croatia. The investigation undertaken in the research is purely library-based, engaging in secondary data including written rules, guidelines and reports in both jurisdictions. The preliminary findings reveal that there are numerous voluntary efforts being carried out by numerous organizations in both jurisdictions (Malaysia and Croatia), in sectors such as public finance, education, quality of life and health. The research further found that these efforts could potentially bring huge impacts to the development and well-being of the society, in four different dimensions: social, finance, organizational, and legal. This research will contribute to the body of knowledge on voluntary sectors especially on the roles and implications of the voluntary sectors towards shared prosperity of the people and economy in Malaysia and Croatia.

Background: Children with autism in their characteristics show a series of unusual reactions to stimuli in all areas of the sensory system. Aim: The aim of this paper was to compare the tactile and auditory processes, i.e. to determine the deficits of these processes by children with autism spectrum disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.) in relation to children with intellectual disabilities and children of the typical population. Methods: The sample consisted of a total of 105 children. During the survey, the method of proportional stratified sample was used and the data collection was carried out in 2017 on the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Short Sensory Profile was applied (Dunn, 1999) and through 13 items, Tactile Perception and Hearing Perception were examined. Results: It was found that 71.4% of children with autism had significant difficulties in the area of tactile perception and 65.7% in the area of hearing perception. Tactile and hearing sensitivity is also common by children with intellectual disabilities, which undermines the inclusion of the difficulty of sensory processing as a key diagnostic criterion for autism.

Millions of people across the globe suffer from swallowing difficulties, known as dysphagia, which can lead to malnutrition, pneumonia, and even death. Swallowing cervical auscultation, which has been suggested as a noninvasive screening method for dysphagia, has not been associated yet with any physical events. In this paper, we have compared the hyoid bone displacement extracted from the videofluoroscopy images of 31 swallows to the signal features extracted from the cervical auscultation recordings captured with a tri-axial accelerometer and a microphone. First, the vertical displacement of the anterior part of the hyoid bone is related to the entropy rate of the superior–inferior swallowing vibrations and to the kurtosis of the swallowing sounds. Second, the vertical displacement of the posterior part of the hyoid bone is related to the bandwidth of the medial–lateral swallowing vibrations. Third, the horizontal displacements of the posterior and anterior parts of the hyoid bone are related to the spectral centroid of the superior–inferior swallowing vibrations and to the peak frequency of the medial–lateral swallowing vibrations, respectively. At last, the airway protection scores and the command characteristics were associated with the vertical and horizontal displacements, respectively, of the posterior part of the hyoid bone. Additional associations between the patients’ characteristics and auscultations’ signals were also observed. The hyoid bone maximal displacement is a cause of swallowing vibrations and sounds. High-resolution cervical auscultation may offer a noninvasive alternative for dysphagia screening and additional diagnostic information.

The use of nanotechnology in the diagnosis of diseases, treatment and monitoring of cancer patients has become a subject of study for the last 20 years. This paper presents brief overview of general characteristics, synthesis and application of dendrimers and quantum points in oncology. Dendrimers and quantum dots are nanostructures whose application in oncology is still being examined. QDs are used in magnetic resonance, wherein very well detect the location of tumor. Dendrimers are intensively tested, especially in cancer therapy. Dendrimers are intensively tested, especially in cancer therapy, because, due to their extremely small dimensions, they have the ability to pass through the mucous barriers and vascular pores, enabling safe delivery of the drug to the tumor cells.

Epilepsy is a paroxysmal cerebral dysrhythmia defined by three important characteristics: the suddenness of the process, brain origin and the disorder of the rhythm of the electrical brain activity (1). Seizures (crises, ictus events, attacks) are common to all epilepsies. They include a variety of clinical manifestations or sudden episodes of disturbance of motor, sensibility, behaviour, perception, awareness or other psychic functions, autonomic and other regulations. The classification of seizures and epilepsy syndrome takes the central place in modern epileptology, although the classification process itself is as old as the study of epilepsy. The international classification, based mainly on the clinical form of seizure and the electroencephalographic findings, was adopted in 1981 and has been further modified. In 1989, ILAE (International League Against Epilepsy) adopted the International classification of epilepsies, epilepsy syndromes and disorders, which highlights the symptoms and signs that show the localization of initial cerebral dysfunction and its spread (2). In 2017, the ILAE released a new classification of seizure types, based upon the existing classification formulated in 1981. and its extension from 2010. The differences include the following: "partial seizures" become "focal"; consciousness is used as a classifier of focal seizures; terms such as „dyscognitive”, „simple partial”, „complex partial”, „psychic” and „secondary generalized” are eliminated; new focal seizures include automatisms, behavioural changes, hyperkinetic, autonomic, cognitive and emotional; atonic, clonic, epileptic spasms, myoclonic, and tonic seizures can be either focal or generalized phenomena; „focal seizure evolving to a bilateral tonic-clonic seizure” replace the term „secondary generalized seizure”; new generalized types of attack are absence with eyelid myoclonia, myoclonic absence, myoclonic-atonic and myoclonic-tonic-clonic and seizures of unknown onset (3). Biometeorology is an interdisciplinary science that studies the interaction system between living organisms and the environment. The biometerological warning, bioforecast, contain a description of the meteorological situation and announces the arrival of those weather conditions which may adversely affect human health in the next days. The goal of bioprognosis is the organization of preventive measures for the protection of the vulnerable groups health (4). Variations in biometeorological factors have an influence on the overall balance of the human body, as well as to changes in the condition of patients, primarily those with chronic diseases. Le Blanc and Mills (1932) stated that one of the oldest and best known disease whose association with climatic factors is mentioned, is epilepsy (5). Fluctuation in some climatic factors, e.g. air pressure, might influence one or more of the above mentioned factors, and thus lead to seizure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of atmospheric pressure on the specific seizure types frequency as well as on patient's subjective perception of the seizure "severity".

Economic theory suggests that free capital flows increase the efficiency of the resource allocation and stimulate economic growth. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is seen as a remedy for all economic problems in countries that do not have a sufficient level of accumulation to start economic growth. According to economic criteria of Copenhagen, countries that are in the process of European integration should have a functioning market economy able to cope with competition and market forces within the European Union. The greatest expectations regarding the development of a competitive economy in the Southeast European (SEE) countries are precisely related to attraction and exploitation of the positive effects of FDI. This paper explores the impact of FDI on economic growth of the Central European (CE) countries and the SEE countries. The experience of the CE countries can be beneficial for the SEE countries following them in the process of European integration. The results show that FDI flows to the SEE region are significantly lower than to the CE region. Panel analysis has shown a statistically significant impact of FDI on economic growth inboth regions. However, in absolute terms the impact of FDI on economic growth inthe SEE region is almost negligible.

This paper analytically presents the factors of entrepreneurial intentions of students in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The research problem can be defined by the question whether today a university can be called an “entrepreneurial university” which educates, prepares and encourages students to start their own business as a career option independently? Do economic policies of small countries contribute to their significant role in encouraging entrepreneurship, and what are predictors of entrepreneurial intentions of students? The study was conducted on a sample of 351 students at the Faculty of Economics of the University of Banja Luka in April 2016, based on previously empirically verified questionnaire that measures the support of closer social environment (friends and family), self-efficacy and acceptability of entrepreneurship as a career, as well as the entrepreneurial intention, through three dimensions of time - starting a business immediately after the end of their formal academic education, within 5 years after graduation and in an indefinite moment in the future. The methods of descriptive statistics, factor and correlation analyses have been applied. The aim of the research is to determine the predictors of entrepreneurial intentions of students in small countries in transition in the case ofstudents from BiH at the early stage during their education and whether their entrepreneurialintentions are influenced by the economic policies through the constructionof entrepreneurial infrastructure institutions? The research results indicate theexistence of clearly defined and mutually comparable latent variables that can beidentified as factors of entrepreneurial intentions of students. Personal competenceand motivation of students are predictors of entrepreneurial intentions, which isnot the case with the “entrepreneurial university” and the institutional support forentrepreneurs who are beginners.

In conditions of significant high youth unemployment rates in the transition countries of Southeast Europe, the subject of special interest of public administration and the academic community is researching the connection between stimulating entrepreneurial activity and launching independent entrepreneurial ventures and self-employment. Also, the subjectof research interest is factors influencing the entrepreneurial affinities andintentions of youth, who are finishing the process of formal education andtrying to get involved in the world of work, either as employees or employers.The subject research was conducted on a purposive (deliberate)sample of 448 respondents in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) andSerbia, collected through online questionnaire, with the aim of comparingcareer aspirations of youth towards entrepreneurial and managerial jobs.The research is an extension of the interest of the academic community,complements the previous intense research from the region of SoutheastEurope and gives a scientific contribution by modifying and testingpreviously conducted empirical research in BiH and Croatia (Umihanić,Đonlagić Alibegović & Alfirević, 2018), extending the sample to Serbia,where significant research of this kind has not been conducted. The results,obtained by using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (F-Test) andPost Hoc Fisher’s LSD test for testing research hypothesis, indicate thatthere are significant differences in the career orientation of the surveyedstudents between three observed countries. In Croatia and Serbia, the impactof society and national culture is neither favourable for entering entrepreneurship,nor for a managerial career. Attitudes are somewhat morefavourable in BiH, but not significantly more favourable in comparison toSerbia and Croatia.

After 21 post-war years Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) found itself in a “middle-income trap”. It is not classified into low income countries because workers and citizens do not accept low wages and low standard of living, nor does it fit into high income countries because those workers do not produce sophisticated products that ensure competitiveness, export and the basis for high wages and the standard of living. The development vision of BiH is to become a high income country. However, the state has neither suitable strategy nor policy.This paper represents a detailed research of multifaceted secondary sources (i.e. journal articles, government publications, internet sources, etc.), conducted in a cross-sectional time manner. By utilizing secondary sources of data we conducted our own calculations based on data from the World Bank, the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina.We hold that key sectors which would provide return to pre-crisis GDP growthrate of 6-7 percent per year, should be: financial system, diaspora and digitalizationof industry (with the introduction of suitable strategies and policies), each of whichwould contribute to GDP growth of two percent per year. The key agents of changeshould be the leaders of value chains (large-scale companies), cities-regions, gazellecompanies (fast growing small and medium size companies) and micro digital companies.

From a small number of corporate bonds issued since the founding of the Banja Luka Stock Exchange to date, it is obvious that the domestic corporate bond market is in the initial stage of its development. The subject of this paper is to define the assumptions and limitations, i.e. possibilities of the development of the corporate bond market in the Republic of Srpska. The successful development of the bond market, in addition to the institutional and legal assumptions, is largely conditioned by the willingness of companies to emit bonds. On the other hand, it is the obligation and commitment of investors to invest in these securities. The aim of the research is to examine the potential supply and (potential) demand in next three years. The research was conducted using a two-part sur-vey. In the first part, managers in institutional investors in the domestic market were interviewed: investment funds, insurance companies and banks, 42 of them. In the second part, we examined the most significant joint-stock companies on the Banja Luka Stock Exchange, those that were part of the BIRS index and those that paid dividend, 66 of them. The results of the survey show the number of companies willing to finance their operations by issuing bonds and the number of investors willing to invest in these instruments. In addition, we will point to obstacles to the development and deepening of the market and the actual number of institutional investors willing to invest in corporate bonds.

Abstract Detailed analysis of phenolic composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Verbascum glabratum subsp. bosnense (K. Malý) Murb., an endemic species of southeastern Dinaric Alps was performed for the first time. The phenolic composition measured via UHPLC-MS/MS of four extract with different polarity suggested this plant species is very rich in both phenolic acids and flavonoids. Ethanol extract was chemically the most versatile containing 12 compounds with quercitrin and rosmarinic acid as the majors, while water extracts were rich in 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, morin, and apigenin. All extracts showed high antioxidant potential measured spectrophotometrically with IC50 values ranging 0.139 - 0.021 mg/mL. Antimicrobial testing using agar diffusion test showed that ethanol extract was the most potent against all tested organisms. Also, these activities are correlated with the content of phenolic compounds, which suggest they are active ingredients of the extracts. Graphical Abstract

1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic 2Rangeland Sciences Department, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China 3Department of Biology and Institute of Mountain Research & Development, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia 4Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology, University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney house, Tubney OX13 5QL, UK

background and purpose: Logging is an example of the strongest human influence on forest environment because it causes damages to the forest soil and residual trees. The damages that occur during logging are more frequent in the skidding phase compared to the felling and processing phase. Material and Methods: The research was conducted in mixed stands of fir and spruce in the area of eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Felling was conducted by chainsaw and extraction by animals, i.e. by two oxen. The following data were collected: tree species, diameter at breast height, pre-bunching zone (0-30 m or 30-60 m), presence of damages, presence of old damages, number of damages, type of damage, damage position and the size of damage. Results: Damages were recorded on 3.32% of residual trees. The average number of damages per damaged tree was 1.08. The same percentage share of damages was recorded on butt end and root collar (38.46%), while damages on root have a share of 23.08%. Stem damages were not recorded. The most common type of damage was debarked tree (61.54%), then squashed bark (23.08%) and debarked and damaged tree (15.38%). It was recorded that the size of damages varied between 60 and 570 cm2. The average size of damage was 222.54 cm2. Statistical analysis using χ2 test showed significant difference in the proportion of damaged trees among different pre-bunching methods, and did not show significant difference in the proportion of damaged trees between different pre-bunching zones. conclusions: It can be assumed that oxen logging causes insignificant damages to residual trees. The results of research will be used as a basis for future studies of residual trees’ damaging during wood skidding.

Patient, a man, age of 66 years, was admitted to the Internal Department,Interventional Cardiology Department for chest pains by type of stable anginapectoris. CCS II. In ambulatory conditions he was made non-invasive diagnostics,and after a positive ergometric test, a decision was made that the patient beadmitted to the catheterization hall for invasive diagnosis and possible percutaneouscoronary intervention.