The main goal of this research was to examine the influence of the educational level and employment of parents on the development of phonological awareness of pupils of first and second primary school grades. The sample of respondents consisted of a total of 70 students whose age ranged from 78 months to 104 months. Observing respondents in relation to gender, 37 were male and 33 were female. The research was conducted in primary schools in the municipalities of Travnik and Novi Travnik in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The obtained results showed that the level of parents' education and the employment of parents influence the development of the phonological awareness of pupils of the first and second grades of primary schools. Namely, phonological awareness was more developed with pupils whose parents were employed and had a higher education level. The obtained results point to the need for professionals to pay more attention to the phonological development of children coming from families of low socioeconomic status. It is very important to timely identify students with difficulties in the development of phonological awareness with the aim of organizing and providing adequate professional assistance. If the student has difficulty in the field of phonological awareness, in that case the mentioned difficulties may also have a negative effect on the learning skills in other areas.

Introduction: The dietary supplements are defined as vitamins and minerals or herbal products and are typically given in the form of a capsule or tablet. The nonsmokers are more attempted to use dietary supplements than individuals who smoke. Aim: In our investigation, we examined associations between vitamin B, folic acid, multivitamin or mineral intake among the student population and their correlation with smoking prevalence and drinking coffee. Materials and methods: We used a questionnaire to examine the general characteristics of the subjects, age, sex, their lifestyle, cigarette smoking, coffee intake and their use of dietary supplements. Data were collected from participants of the University of Sarajevo and a longitudinal study of 960 men and women aged 18-24 years from 2017 to 2018 was conducted. Results: The results showed that 32% of students took vitamin B supplements and 10% folic acid. In opposite, more than half of students took multivitamins (59.5%) and minerals (60.4%) less than one year. About a quarter or less took multivitamins (23.9%) and minerals (24.3%) for years. Less than 20% of students took multivitamins and minerals within a period of one year. In student population smoking prevalence was estimated at 21.2% and coffee intake in 71.2%. The smoking and use of vitamin B supplements were independent of each other, p = 0.201. The use of folic acid did not depend on smoking p = 0.501. There were no observed correlations between multivitamin and mineral supplement consumption compared to smoking status or drinking coffee. Conclusion: Deficient dietary intake of folic acid and B vitamins from food and supplemental sources appear to be one of the atherosclerosis incidences. Further studies should examine associations between dietary supplements intake and lifestyle of students, as well as smoking status and coffee intake.

Abstract This paper introduces an innovative way of heating fluid or nanofluid, using an adaptive electric heater consisting of three hollow cylindrical heating elements. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the thermal and hydraulic irreversibility caused by the flow and heating of the basic fluid and nanofluid. A non-dimensional analysis of the comparative relationship between the thermal and hydraulic irreversibility of the basic fluid and nanofluid under the same process conditions was carried out. A new nanofluid irreversibility number and modified nanofluid irreversibility number was introduced for the purpose of analyzing the comparative thermo-hydraulic effect of nanofluid in relation to the basic fluid. In this paper, it is also shown that the arrangement of the cylindrical heating elements influences the efficiency of the nanofluid used compared to the basic fluid and implies a justified and recommended nanofluid ratio.

Introduction: Malocclusion as an oral disorder can cause negative impact on individuals oral conditions, social interactions and self-esteem. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) of patients who had received fixed orthodontic treatment and patients who had not received fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 178 participants attended at professional dental office (mean age 22.71 years) in two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group comprised of 90 subjects who were in the retention phase, after their orthodontic treatment, and the control group comprised of 88 untreated subjects. Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to assess the patients oral health related quality of life (OHQoL). Results: The control group had significantly higher OHIP-14 scores than experimental group (p < 0.001). Participants with treatment need reported a significantly greater negative impact on the overall OHRQoL score. Conclusion: Subjects with no history of orthodontic treatment had more negative oral health related quality (OHRQoL), than subjects who had completed orthodontic treatment. Dental malocclusion has significant negative impact on OHRQoL.

Micro‐Abstract Neuroendocrine breast cancer lacks specific therapy, but similar common neuroendocrine carcinomas may offer guidance for therapy development. This study, for the first time, identified several biomarkers for targeted therapy approaches in patients with breast neuroendocrine carcinoma. Introduction: Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast is a rare, special type of breast cancer, reportedly constituting 2% to 5% of all breast cancers. Although breast NEC does not have a specific targeted therapy, several new targeted therapies based on specific biomarkers were recently investigated in the NEC of lung and in other types of breast carcinoma, which may provide guidance to their feasibility in breast NEC. Materials and Methods: Twenty breast NECs were profiled for biomarkers of therapy including antibody‐drug conjugates (DLL3, TROP‐2, and FOLR1), histone deacetylase (H3K36Me3) inhibitors, tropomyosin receptor kinases (NTRK1/2/3 gene fusions) targeted inhibitors, alkylating agents (MGMT), and immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD‐L1, TMB, and MSI) using immunohistochemistry and DNA/RNA next‐generation sequencing assays. Results: Predictive expression of TROP‐2, FOLR1, and H3K36Me3 were detected in different subsets of tumors and may pave the way for development of novel targeted therapies in some patients with breast NECs. There was no evidence of DLL3 expression, NTRK gene fusions, or MGMT hypermethylation. No biomarkers predictive of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy (programmed death‐ligand 1 expression, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability) were identified. FGFR and CCND1 gene amplifications were detected in isolated cases. Conclusions: This study identified several potential targets for novel therapies in breast NEC, including farletuzumab and mirvetuximab soravtansine (FOLR1), sacituzumab govitecan (TROP‐2), and HDAC inhibitors (H3K36Me3). In some cases, CCND1 gene amplification may indicate the usefulness of investigational therapies. The reported results should serve as an early indication of potential clinical relevance in selected patients with breast NEC.

Assessment of skeletal maturity is typical strategy applied in clinical pediatrics today. The main goal of a Bone Age Assessment (BAA) is to determine endocrinology and growth disorders by comparing the bone and chronological age of the patient. Several methods are developed to determine skeletal maturity, but Greulich-Pyle and Tanner-Whitehouse represent the two most common methods that involve left hand and wrist radiographs. However, these methods are extremely time-dependent and rely on an experienced radiologist, who further evaluates bone age using hand atlas as a reference. In this paper, VGG-16 and ResNet50 are two Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) models applied with ImageNet pre-trained weights in order to estimate correct bone age and achieve high accuracy of gender prediction using public RSNA dataset that includes 12611 radiographs. The experimental results show month discrepancy of approximately eight months and 82% accuracy during the process of gender classification.

Introduction: There are many ethical and moral dilemmas regarding the termination of pregnancy(TOP) with severe fetal anomalies. Aim: Our aim is to present a case of severe fetal hydrocephalus (HCP), spina bifida aperta and, meningomyelocoella (MMC). Case report: A gynecologist examined a 23-year-old patient with vital pregnancy of 24/25 week of gestation (WG) with the anomaly of the fetus. At the Perinatological Medical Advisory Board, a decision was made that the pregnancy should be continued and monitored bearing in mind that pregnancy exceeded the legal framework for TOP. Medical Advisory Board’s ultrasound examination showed the following: severe hydrocephalus (HCP), spina bifida aperta, hyperehogen intestine, pes equinovarus. Via multidisciplinary consultation it was decided to make a delivery with the elective caesarian section (CS) causing as little trauma to the fetus as possible, with 37 WG completed due to the pelvic presentation and fetal anomalies. The patient gave birth via CS to a live female newborn–birth weight 3920 grams, birth length 56 cm, head circumference 48 cm, and Apgar score 8/8. The head was hydrocephalic with spaced suture. There was thoracolumbar defect of spina bifida aperta and meningomyelocele (MMC) 10x12 cm in size. An urgent surgical procedure - the external ventricular derivation of the liquor, and then the successful resection and plastic meningomyelocele was performed by a team of neuro and plastic surgeons. During the fourth postoperative day due to a suspicion of abscess collection and febrility of the mother a relaparotomy is performed and the abscess collection of Retzius space was found. Due to the fall in blood count, blood transfusion in a total dose of 580 ml was given. The patient was discharged on a home treatment as she had a regular general and local status. After the surgery, the condition of the newborn resulted in deterioration, the progression of HCP and dehiscence of head wounds and the thoracolumbar region, in spite of all the measures taken. At that time a decision was made to provide palliative care and this decision was conveyed to the mother. The child had a prolonged apnoeic episode and was not resuscitated. The child died in hospital after surviving for two months postpartum. Conclusion: Indication of TOP based on fetal anomalies could be a medical decision but also a personal moral choice of the mother related to legal rules, socio-cultural values and religious beliefs.

The Editors´ Network of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) provides a dynamic forum for editorial discussions and endorses the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) to improve the scientific quality of biomedical journals. Authorship confers credit and important academic rewards. Recently, however, the ICMJE emphasized that authorship also requires responsibility and accountability. These issues are now covered by the new (fourth) criterion for authorship. Authors should agree to be accountable and ensure that questions regarding the accuracy and integrity of the entire work will be appropriately addressed. This review discusses the implications of this paradigm shift on authorship requirements with the aim of increasing awareness on good scientific and editorial practices.

The Editors´ Network of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) provides a dynamic forum for editorial discussions and endorses the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) to improve the scientific quality of biomedical journals. Authorship confers credit and important academic rewards. Recently, however, the ICMJE emphasized that authorship also requires responsibility and accountability. These issues are now covered by the new (fourth) criterion for authorship. Authors should agree to be accountable and ensure that questions regarding the accuracy and integrity of the entire work will be appropriately addressed. This review discusses the implications of this paradigm shift on authorship requirements with the aim of increasing awareness on good scientific and editorial practices.

In this study, we analyzed the emotional and conative characteristics of fourth grade students of elementary school as follows: motivation for learning math, situational interest in learning mathematics during teaching, mathematics anxiety, self-esteem in relation to academic achievement and attributions of success and failure in mathematics. In a sample of 200 students and 20 teachers were analyzed emotional and conative characteristics capable of above-average and below average in math-age students. The study used the descriptive method, a questionnaire and a test. The research results are presented graphically and in tabular form with an explanation and discussion. In the conclusion are set the directions which should further improve this insufficiently studied area.