Introduction: Golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD), an X‐linked recessive disorder, causes similar phenotypic features to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). There is currently a need for a quantitative and reproducible monitoring of disease progression for GRMD and DMD. Methods: To assess severity in the GRMD, we analyzed texture features extracted from multi‐parametric MRI (T1w, T2w, T1m, T2m, and Dixon images) using 5 feature extraction methods and classified using support vector machines. Results: A single feature from qualitative images can provide 89% maximal accuracy. Furthermore, 2 features from T1w, T2m, or Dixon images provided highest accuracy. When considering a tradeoff between scan‐time and computational complexity, T2m images provided good accuracy at a lower acquisition and processing time and effort. Conclusions: The combination of MRI texture features improved the classification accuracy for assessment of disease progression in GRMD with evaluation of the heterogenous nature of skeletal muscles as reflection of the histopathological changes. Muscle Nerve 59:380–386, 2019

Abstract Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has a relatively low level of entrepreneurial activity as evidenced by GEM reports but also has an economic structure in which SMEs account for about 99% of the total number of enterprises. The goal of this paper was to examine the level of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and influence of EO on business performances of SMEs in the Republic of Srpska (RS), one of the two BiH entities, in which the empirical research was done. We have used adapted Covin & Slevin (1989) version of the questionnaire. We found out that only 12.28% of sampled SMEs have all three dimensions of EO pronounced. The least pronounced dimension is risk-taking and the most pronounced dimension is proactiveness. Our research did not confirm the impact of EO on selected indicators of business performances.

Introduction Physical activity may affect health via DNA methylation. The epigenetic influences of sedentary behaviors such as television viewing are unknown. We performed a genomewide study of DNA methylation in peripheral blood in relation to physical activity and television viewing time. Methods DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip array in blood samples collected at baseline (N = 5513) and follow-up (N = 1249) from participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. At baseline, times per week of leisure-time physical activity were self-reported. At follow-up, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess MET-hours per week of total and leisure-time physical activity and hours per day of television viewing time. Linear mixed models were used to assess associations between physical activity and television viewing measures and DNA methylation at individual CpG sites, adjusted for potential confounders and batch effects. Results At follow-up, total physical activity was associated with DNA methylation at cg10266336 (P = 6.0 × 10−9), annotated to the SAA2 gene. Weaker evidence of associations (P < 1.0 × 10−5) were observed for an additional 14 CpG sites with total physical activity, for 7 CpG sites with leisure-time physical activity, and for 9 CpG sites with television viewing time. Changes in leisure-time physical activity between baseline and follow-up were associated with methylation changes (P < 0.05) at four of the seven CpG sites with weaker evidence of cross-sectional associations with leisure-time physical activity. Conclusion Physical activity and television viewing may be associated with blood DNA methylation, a potential pathway to chronic disease development. Further research using accelerometer data and larger sample sizes is warranted.

Abstract Background Previous studies reported conflicting results regarding association of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene variation with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance (IR) in different ethnic groups. We examined the association of rs7578326, rs2943641, and rs4675095 in the IRS1 gene with T2D and related traits in a population from Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the European countries with the highest T2D prevalence of 12.5%. Methods Our study included 390 T2D patients and 252 control subjects. Biochemical parameters, including fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and HbA1c were measured in all participants. Genotyping analysis was performed by Mass Array Sequenom iPlex platform. Results Our results demonstrated that rs7578326 and rs4675095 variants were associated with increased FG levels. The rs7578326 was also associated with higher FI, HOMA-IR (B = 0.08, 95% CI [0.01, 0.15], padd = 0.025; B = 0.079, 95% CI [0.006, 0.150], padd = 0.033, respectively) in T2D, and with HbA1c (B = 0.034, 95% CI [0.003, 0.065], pdom = 0.035) in non-drug-treated T2D. In contrast, rs2943641 C allele was associated with lower FG levels in control subjects (B = −0.17, 95% CI [−0.03, −0.002], padd = 0.030) and HbA1c (B = 0.03, 95% CI [0.002, 0.06], pdom = 0.040) in non-drug-treated T2D. Conclusions We report the association between common variants in IRS1 gene with insulin resistance, glucose, and HbA1c levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s population.

When companies sell goods/services, they may request cash prior to or at the delivery or they may offer deferred payment. The decision on credit policy is a trade-off between the benefits gained from increased sales and the costs of approving credit. Based on the appropriate analysis of reports, controlling should help the management to bring such business decisions aimed towards customers and to take all the necessary measures for obeying the appropriate legal regulations. This way, controlling may influence better liquidity of a company, which includes faster cash turnover, payment to its suppliers, lower outstanding accounts, and better profitability. Apart from the general importance of controlling credit sales and collection of receivables, the article examines the position and the role of controlling in the companies operating in wood processing as the fastest growing industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.