OBJECTIVES Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common problems in women, and important reason for visiting primary care physicians, resulting in substantial financial burden to community. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance rates of E. coli to commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs for community-acquired UTIs in women and to establish the association between age and resistance to antibiotics among isolates of E. coli from urine. METHODS The study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study during the 5-years period. It was conducted on a sample of urinary tract isolates of E. coli taken from women with community-acquired UTIs. After prevalence of E. coli resistance to antibiotics was established, the analysis of risk factors for emergence of resistance was conducted. RESULTS There were 10,734 isolates of E. coli, comprising 70.62% of all samples analyzed. E. coli was the most frequently resistant to ampicillin (54.68%), followed by trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (37.46%), first and second generation cephalosporins (cephalexin and cefaclor) (29.53% both), and ciprofloxacin (23.80%). Less than 50% of E. coli isolates was sensitive to all three tested antibiotics, and nearly 13% acquired triple-resistance. Prevalence of isolates resistant to two or three agents was higher in the subgroup of women older than 65 years. CONCLUSIONS Empirical choice of antimicrobial agent for community-acquired non-complicated UTIs in women should be individualized on the basis of the patient's age, prevalence of resistance in the local community, and compliance history of the patient.

Universiteler sadece egitim merkezleri degil ayni zamanda bilgi uretimi, inovasyon ve teknik gelisim merkezleridir. Bununla birlikte son yillarda universiteler, yerel ekonomiler icin kilit bolgesel ekonomik kalkinma merkezlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Universiteler, kampusun yakinindaki cografi bolgelere cesitli bicimlerde ekonomik aktivitelerle buyuk katki saglamaktadir. Literaturde universitelerin bolgesel ekonomik etkisini arastiran bircok calisma bulunmaktadir. Bu calisma, Uluslararasi Saraybosna Universitesi (IUS)'nden, ogrencilerinden ve calisanlarindan ve ziyaretcilerinden elde edilen bilgileri ve verileri kullanarak Bosna Hersek'te bu alanda yapilan yapilan ilk calismadir. Bu calisma, IUS'in yerel harcama ve istihdam uzerindeki dogrudan ekonomik etkisini ve IUS'un Saraybosna ekonomisi uzerindeki dolayli neden oldugu ekonomik etkilerini bulmayi amaclamaktadir. Calisma, IUS'nin Ilidza ve Saraybosna ekonomisine dogrudan ekonomik faydalar seklinde yaklasik 10 milyon KM, dolayli faydalarda 24 milyon KM ve 41 milyon KM uyarilmis katkisi oldugunu ortaya koyuyor. Bu katkilarin toplami yilda 75 milyon KM'ye ulasmaktadir. Ayrica IUS, Ilidza ve Saraybosna bolgesinde 231 dogrudan ve dolayli olarak 1.065 istihdam (toplamda 1.296 kisi) yaratmaktadir.

The analysis of meteorological data from the period 1961–2014 show the rise in the mean annual temperature in the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The changes are more pronounced in the central – hilly part of the country. The increase in annual air temperature ranges from 0.4 to 1.0°C per decade, whereas temperature increases during vegetation period were up to 1.2°C per decade. Additionally, increases in air temperature over the last fourteen years are even more pronounced. Changed distribution of precipitation, significant variations and the increasing soil moisture deficit during vegetation period (April – September) are also evident in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The increase in air temperature combined with changes in the distribution of precipitation has resulted in a change of evapotranspiration and annual water balance. The main objective of this study was to determine and compare the severity of changes in mean annual water balance components between different regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Monthly weather data from 26 weather stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, for the time period of 50 years (1967 – 2016) were used to determine and analyze impact of climate change on the following water balance components: temperature, precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, total runoff, soil moisture deficit and amount of snow. The results indicate that climate change has a substantial effect on the all water balance components. Air temperature (0.21 - 0.7 o C per decade), reference evapotranspiration (0.61 - 42.81 mm per decade) and soil moisture deficit (1.35 - 27.71 mm per decade) show an increasing trend over the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the strongest increase in the north-west part of the country.

Purpose: Thanks to the positive health effects of physical exercise, physical education is an integral part of the education system, with two hours per week, which is insufficient to achieve an optimal effect in transforming the anthropological status of children. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of regular and modified physical education with the application of contents from sports games (basketball, volleyball and handball) in the duration of one semester to changes in basic motor skills in pupils of the fifth grade of elementary school. Material: The study included N = 106 students of the V class, aged 10 to 11 years, clinically and mentally healthy, and with no pronounced morphological and locomotor impairments. The sample of examinees was divided into two subgroups. The first was an experimental group of 53 students, who carried out physical education classes according to the modified plan and program of sports games (basketball, volleyball and handball) for a semester. The other was a control group of 53 students who attended regular classes from physical education according to the current curriculum. Results: The results of the research at the descriptive level showed noticeable differences between the same groups in the final versus the initial measurements. Based on the results of the t-test for the control and experimental group, it can be concluded that there have been statistically significant changes in values on all variables of basic motor in the final compared to the initial measurement. By analyzing the results of the t-tests, it can be seen that the groups differ in the initial measurement only in one basic motor variable, MTAPN, and this difference is statistically significant in favor of the control group. In the final measurement, there are no significant differences between the control and the experimental group in the average values of all variables of basic motoring. Conclusions: Improving basic motor skills depends on the teacher's ability, the ability to transform the age with which he is working, and the success of certain training processes. The modified program of the experimental group has led to changes and thus proves the significant effect of the group's work program.

Abstract Compression failure by fiber kinking limits the structural applications of fiber composites. Fiber kinking is especially prevalent in laminates with holes and cutouts. The latter behavior is characterized by strain localization in the matrix material and fiber rotations. To study fiber kinking on the level of the individual constituents, a homogenization of fiber composites is presented. It is based on a total Lagrangian formulation, making it independent of fiber rotations. It accounts for the microstructure of the composite, including fiber-matrix interfacial decohesion, and enables all types of material behavior of the constituents. The response of each constituent of the composite is modeled separately and the global response is obtained by an assembly of all contributions. The model is implemented as a user-defined material model (UMAT) in ABAQUS and used for multiscale modeling of notched unidirectional plies subjected to compression. The model performs well in agreement with a finite element model of an explicit discretization of the microstructure and literature results. The simulations predict the formation of a kink band in near 0-degree plies and show that the open-hole compression strength is sensitive to fiber-matrix interfacial decohesion. The present work suggests a convenient and computationally efficient tool for simulating the elastic-plastic behavior of fiber composites on the fiber-matrix level and predicting the compressive strength of laminates.

The aim of this paper is to formulate quantitative models to predict future trends in corn production in the Republic of Srpska. The applied research methods are the descriptive analysis method, and the analytical statistical method, i.e. the Box-Jenkins Model based on the ARIMA model (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average). The results of the research show that the corn production indicators, as the most important crop in the Republic of Srpska, will, despite the oscillations, show an increase in the last year of the five-year prediction period (2018-2022) compared to the previously analysed twenty-two year period (1996-2017). The formulation of such forecasting models is a good basis for planning the overall crop production in the Republic of Srpska.

Despite multistep efforts many asthma patients remain symptomatic. Anti-inflammatory activities of curcumin were shown. Aim was to analyse the add-on therapy with curcumin on inflammatory parameters, lung function, disease control and quality of life in asthma patients. 150 non-smokers with moderate partially controlled asthma were treated during 3 months with stable moderate dose of inhaled glucocorticoids and divided into three groups (n=50): curcumin group (receiving curcumin 500 mg per os twice daily), placebo and control group. Before study, sputum eosinophils (sEo), blood eosinophils (bEo), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), predicted forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1%), Asthma Control Test (ACT) and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) were similar between groups. After study, FEV1%, ACT and AQLQ were improved in all groups, but these improvements were more prominent in curcumin group than in placebo and control. Additionally curcumin group only showed improvement in sEo, bEo and hsCRP. Furthermore, curcumin group showed also more frequent clinically significant improvement in ACT score (change>3) and in AQLQ score (change≥0.5) when compared to placebo and control. However, placebo and control showed similar distribution in FEV1%, ACT, AQLQ, hsCRP, sEo and bEo after study. This is the first placebo controlled and single-blind study to suggest that add-on therapy with curcumin could improve lung function, disease control and quality of life in moderate partially controlled asthma. Future studies may benefit from a larger sample size, longer study duration, double blind design, different dose of curcumin and/or improvements in oral bioavailability.

Approximately 16 % of adult onset asthma is caused by occupational exposure. The need for early detection of irritant caused asthma is key in treating and preventing the progression of the disease. The aim of the work was to investigate if exposure to irritants cause change in gas composition in exhaled breath, the “exhalome”. We studied 15 female hairdressers exposed to a controlled dose of aerosolized bleach powder in a sealed climate chamber. The subjects’ self-reported symptoms, spirometry and gas components were monitored. The exhalome was collected for breath holding times of 2 and 10 seconds from central (400 ml) and peripheral lung (1500 ml), once prior to and twice after exposure. Thus, subjects were their own controls. The composition of the gas was analyzed using a Proton Transfer Reaction – Time of Flight – Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) where volatile organic compounds of mass up to 253 atomic mass units are identified with high time resolution. Preliminary analysis of the data shows a variation of the concentrations of the different gases in exhalome over the course of the day and that levels of isoprene and acetone are higher for longer breath holding time. More analysis is needed to evaluate if the technique is able to detect differences in the exhalome caused by the exposure. Detailed information on the relationships between the exhalome and inflammation processes in the respiratory tract induced by irritants is also required. This may contribute to a deeper understanding of asthma. In the future a PTR-ToF-MS could potentially be used as a real-time non-invasive tool for early detection asthma in exposed workers.

Abstract Purpose To investigate how accidents leading to fracture affect sense of coherence and health-related quality of life 6 months later and the association between the two phenomena. Materials and methods A cohort study including 201 patients admitted to hospital with fractures was conducted. Data were based on structured interviewing a few days after admission and 6 months later. Sense of coherence was evaluated with a nine-item scale and health-related quality of life was examined with the subscales of Short Form-36 (SF-36). Results Follow-up comprised 164 patients (81.6%), mean age 47 years. Sense of coherence changed to be either stronger (43%) or weaker (41%) and was stable for 15.9% of the participants. Health-related quality of life changed positively after 6 months but did not reach normative values. Strong sense of coherence was significantly associated with the SF-36 subscales emotional role functioning, social functioning, vitality, and mental health. Conclusions Accidents leading to fracture can be stressful life events that could influence an individual’s sense of coherence to be stronger or weaker. The association between sense of coherence and health-related quality of life emphasises the importance of therapists supporting the patients’ personal resources and promote a salutogenic focus. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION An injury may change an individual’s sense of coherence to be stronger or weaker. For patients who sustain fracture, sense of coherence should be included in therapists’ analysis of personal resources and support a salutogenic perspective. Health-related quality of life is especially for younger individuals affected by an accident and its consequences and need a guided and meticulous rehabilitation course.

In this paper, we present our software-supported method for analyzing the economic feasibility of business models. The method integrates the business models and business processes perspectives for analyzing how a company appropriates the financial cost and benefits. In this method, we use the Service-Dominant Business Model Radar to specify business models, then translate the specified business model into a business process for analyzing the financial feasibility of a business model. At the final step in our method, we use the generated business process in the previous step with a software-based tool, The Cost-Benefit Tracker, for analyzing the economic potential of the business model. We designed and developed the Cost-Benefit Tracker as a simple software-based BPMN 2.0 tool by integrating the concepts of the Service-Dominant Business Model Radar tightly. As a result, the software is simple and straightforward to use than enterprise BPMN 2.0 software. Hence, entrepreneurs can use the presented software-supported method to financially evaluate business model concepts specified with the Service-Dominant Business Model Radar.