Small and medium-sized enterprises account for over 99% of active businesses inBosnia and Herzegovina, and face a number of limitations when performing theirbusiness activities. A number of those limitations relate to the nature of small andmedium-sized enterprises, but most are due to the inadequate legal and regulatoryframework for doing business. A disincentivised business environment and lack ofa unified economic policy and sector strategies further complicate the position ofsmall and medium-sized enterprises. The aim of this paper is to show the limitationsfaced by these companies. To this end, an investigation involving 119 small and medium-sized enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina was conducted.Convenience sampling was used in the research. Based on the survey, it is evidentthat respondents rated the tax burden factor (the tax structure and taxation process)the most problematic. This finding corresponds with Doing Business’ 2019 surveyresults.A section of this paper is devoted to the fiscal aspect of doing business: tax regulationsand the overall tax burden and taxation procedures. It shows that the magnitudeof the fiscal burden, the complexity of tax regulations and the inconsistency andcomplexity of the taxation system are a significant burden on small and medium-sizedenterprises. The paper concludes with recommendations for more efficient andsimpler tax regulation.

Background: An extensive burn is one of the most serious injuries. The modern treatment of pediatric burns is a logical exercise in resuscitation, infection control, surgical wound care, nutrition and psychologic and physical rehabilitation. The conventional methods of local therapy, especially in extensive and deep burns, cannot prevent infection. The fact is that the necrotic burn tissue always gives rise to infection and must therefore be excised. Tangential excision is a diagnostic procedure as well as a surgical preparation of a recipient bed for skin graft.  Clinical parameters of sixty extensively burned children have been evaluated, divided into two groups (surgically and non-surgically treated) and in four subgroups (under and over the 25% TBSA). The following criteria have been used to compare the results: pain, fever, body weight, duration of the hospital stay, wound infenction, laboratory values. Aim of research: The aim of our research was to demonstrate the efficacy of early tangential necrectomy in the treatment of extensive burns in children as well as in preventing the burn diseases. Material and methods: Clinical parameters of sixty extensively burned children have been evaluated, divided into two groups (surgically and non-surgically treated) and in four subgroups (under and over the 25% TBSA). The following criteria have been used to compare the results: pain, fever, body weight, duration of the hospital stay, wound infection, laboratory values. Results: The boys comprised 58.3% of the respondents and the girls were 41,7% of the respondents. The most common cause was the hot liquid of 73.3%, open flame 23.3% and the contact with hot metal 3.3%. The body temperature was significantly higher in control group compared to the examined group (p <0.001) significantly lower hematocrit values in the control group compared to the examined group (p = 0.002).      The results show that hospitalization lasted considerably longer in patients in the control group than in the examined group (p = 0.003). The incidence of bacterial infection of the burns is significantly higher in control compared to the examined group of patients (p = 0.007). The most commonly isolated bacteria in the study group was Staphylococcus aureus (15/30 or 50% of all subjects). Acinetobacter spp. was isolated in 9 patients (30% of respondents). Serratia spp. And Enterococcus Foecalis were isolated in 6 patients (20%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 3 patients (10%). Three patients (10%) did not isolate any bacteria during hospitalization Conclusions: The method of early tangential necrectomy of extensively burned children significantly reduce morbidity and mortality (it improves the general condition of the patient, improves clinical and laboratory parameters, reduces the possibility of infection of the wound, reduces the possibility of sepsis, reduces the length of hospitalization).The most optimal time to perform an early tangential necrectomy is the period between the 4th and the 6th day after the injury. In extensively burned children over 30% of the total body surface, an early tangential necrectomy should be performed on an area of about 20% of the total body surface as a prevention of blood loss due to necrectomy and autotransplantation. With extensively burned children over 40% of the total body surface, taking homotransplants from parents or close relatives reduces morbidity and mortality.

Successful application of the Huygens–Fresnel principle often requires reasoning about the interplay of aperture and light beam dimensions for purposes of identifying the unobstructed part of the light beam which is the source of secondary waves. Therefore we decided to identify university students’ ideas about the role of this interplay in the formation of diffraction patterns. We conducted a survey research with 191 first-year students from the Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology at the University of Zagreb, Croatia. They were administered six constructed-response questions in which aperture or laser beam dimensions were varied and students were expected to verbally and pictorially describe how these changes would affect the diffraction pattern. It has been shown that 63% of students think that a change in the length of the vertical slit necessarily results in a change of the diffraction pattern, even when the illuminated portion of the slit remains the same. In addition, it has been found that nearly 40% of students believe that in optical grating diffraction an increase of beam diameter leads to bigger diffraction fringes. A possible way to overcome some of these difficulties would be to insist on consistent application of the Huygens–Fresnel principle.

This paper deals with the modeling and optimization of a bi-level multi-objective production planning problem, where some of the coefficients of objective functions and parameters of constraints are multi-choice. A general transformation technique based on a binary variable has been used to transform the multi-choices parameters of the problem into their equivalent deterministic form. Finally, two different types of secularization technique have been used to achieve the maximum degree of individually membership goals by minimizing their deviational variables and obtained the most satisfactory solution of the formulated problem. An illustrative real case study of production planning has been discussed and, also compared to validate the efficiency and usefulness of the proposed work.

Purpose To investigate modes and quality of interprofessional communication between clinicians and radiologists, and to identify difficulties and possibilities in this context, as experienced by referring clinicians. Patients and methods Focus group interviews with 22 clinicians from different specialties were carried out. The leading question was: "How do you experience communication, verbal and nonverbal, between referring clinicians and radiologists?" Content analysis was used for interpretation of data. Results Overall, referring clinicians expressed satisfaction with their interprofessional communication with radiologists, and digital access to image data was highly appreciated. However, increased reliance on digital communication has led to reduced face-to-face contacts between clinicians and radiologists. This seems to constitute a potential threat to bilateral feedback, joint educational opportunities, and interprofessional development. Cumbersome medical information software systems, time constraints, shortage of staff, reliance on teleradiology, and lack of uniform format of radiology reports were mentioned as problematic. Further implementation of structured reporting was considered beneficial. Conclusion Deepened face-to-face contacts between clinicians and radiologists were considered prerequisites for mutual understanding, deepened competence and mutual trust; a key factor in interprofessional communication. Clinicians and radiologists should come together in order to secure bilateral feedback and obtain deepened knowledge of the specific needs of subspecialized clinicians.

Semiconductor-enriched single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNT) have potential for application as chemiresistor for the detection of breath compounds including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound found in the marijuana plant. Herein we show that chemiresistor devices fabricated from s-SWCNT ink using dielectrophoresis can be incorporated into a hand-held breathalyzer with sensitivity toward THC generated from a bubbler containing analytical standard in ethanol and a heated sample evaporator that releases compounds from steel wool. The steel wool was used to capture THC from exhaled marijuana smoke. The generation of the THC from the bubbler and heated breath sample chamber was confirmed using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, respectively. Enhanced selectivity toward THC over more volatile breath components such as CO2, water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone was achieved by delaying the sensor reading to allow for the desorption of these compounds from the chemiresistor surface. Additionally, machine learning algorithms were utilized to improve the selective detection of THC with better accuracy at increasing quantities of THC delivered to the chemiresistor.

Driving on the limits of vehicle dynamics requires predictive planning of future vehicle states. In this work, a search-based motion planning is used to generate suitable reference trajectories of dynamic vehicle states with the goal to achieve the minimum lap time on slippery roads. The search-based approach enables to explicitly consider a nonlinear vehicle dynamics model as well as constraints on states and inputs so that even challenging scenarios can be achieved in a safe and optimal way. The algorithm performance is evaluated in simulated driving on a track with segments of different curvatures. Our code is available at https://git.io/JenvB.

This paper examines the types of directed networks with one source and one sink. The problem of resilient network design is studied with respect to such networks. The upper and the lower bound of the capacity are given for each edge in the network, while the cost of each edge is given as the function of edge capacity. Said problem of network design consists of selecting a subset of edges in the given network, which induces an optimal subnetwork to be resilient after disruptive event. The restoration behaviour of each edge in a network N after the disruptive event is described by using a non-linear function that enables the modelling of three components affecting resilience: the remaining capacity of the edge after the disruption, the degree to which capability can be recovered and the recovery speed. Three different models for designing a resilient network are proposed and then formulated as problems of non-linear optimisation. A simple genetic algorithm using stochastic ranking, which can be used to approach all three proposed network design problems, is proposed. One numerical example is used to illustrate the proposed procedure and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

The species of the tetranychid mite genus Pseudobryobia are revised mainly based on data published in the literature. Following a survey of the classification history of the genus, emphasizing the changes that occurred in the morphological characters used in its definition, we briefly discuss their relative importance for the genus delimitation. As a result, we provide amended diagnoses for the genera Pseudobryobia and Bryobia and transfer 7 species from Pseudobryobia to Bryobia. Species belonging to the genus Pseudobryobia bear two setae on coxisternal plate II, one pair of tenent hairs on all the empodia and are distributed in the Nearctic biogeographic zone. Conversely, some species previously assigned to the genus Pseudobryobia bear one seta on coxisternal plate II, two rows of tenent hairs on empodia II-IV, and are recorded in the Palearctic and Afrotropical biogeographic zones. These species are transferred to the genus Bryobia. The following nomenclature changes resulting from the revision are proposed: B. (Bryobiopsis) abbatielloi new combination, B. (B.) anacantha reinstated combination, B. (Allobia) bucharica reinstated combination, B. (B.) eurotiae reinstated combination, B. (A.) japonica reinstated combination, B. (B.) neoephedrae new combination, B. (A.) nikitensis reinstated combination. We recognise six subgenera for Bryobia, as previously considered by other authors, and also treat Nuciforaella Vacante (1983) as a junior synonym of Bryobia (Allobia) Livshits and Mitrofanov, 1971. A key to the species of Pseudobryobia is also provided.

Motivation and objective: Because biodiversity conservation in forest management planning is necessary for ensuring regular ecosystem functioning, resilience and sustainability, the specific objective of this research was to quantify biodiversity at the landscape level in a forest plantation. Case study: Vale de Sousa, Forest Intervention Zone (ZIF), is located in the North of Portugal. ZIFs were formed all over the county with the objective to prevent forest fires, desertification and the abandonment of rural areas. The total case study area is 14.773 ha, mainly covered by plantation forests. The predominant forest species are maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) and blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) either as pure or mixed stands. Methods:Fuzzy-logic system can serve as a platform for bundling expert knowledge on estimating ecosystem services provision and examining the consequences of contradictory expert views. The method was used to evaluate biodiversity as was recently proposed and demonstrated by Biber et al. (2018) in the context of the European Union (EU) project ALTERFOR (Alternative models and robust decision-making for future forest management - https://www.alterfor-project.eu/key-facts.html). In this study, we applied a fuzzy-logic approach for testing three biodiversity indicators: resident birds, heterogeneity of tree species diameter, and tree and shrub species richness. This approach generates scores for the rotation period of each plantation species between 0 (very low) and 1 (very high) for biodiversity categories. It also allows qualitative value rules regarding the above indicators. Scores are established according to stakeholder’s knowledge and validated by experts. Initially, the scores for each indicator are expressed as coloured matrices, but a final fuzzy output of biodiversity is expressed as a score between 0 and 1. Results: Our fuzzy outputs demonstrated low scores for biodiversity in monoculture stands, but medium scores in mixed stands. Tree and shrub species richness and diameter heterogeneity have low scores in analysed plantations but need to be tested in other forest types. However, the score for resident birds had medium values in monoculture forests, but due to the low score of the other biodiversity indicators, the overall biodiversity score is low. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that monocultures have the lowest score for biodiversity due to the zero level of all biodiversity indicators after the clear cut. Mixed stands have different periods of clear cut and this contributes to a higher score for biodiversity in general (fuzzy output). The fuzzy-logic approach is a very useful tool that may contribute to include biodiversity conservation in forest management decisions. This approach can be potentially used for the assessment of other biodiversity indicators (e.g. deadwood, large trees) in other forest types (including semi-natural and natural forests).

Procedures for the calculation of capacity of all types of unsignalized intersections, therefore roundabouts as well, represents a combination of the empirical model (exponential regression) and the likelihood of accepting time gaps in the priority flow by drivers who perform a minor manoeuvre. The values of the critical headway, as the minimum necessary time gap for performing the wanted minor manoeuvre, and the follow-up headway, have been given as the recommendations in the existing methodologies for capacity calculation, depending on the type of the manoeuvre. In traffic flow theory it has been known that drivers’ behaviour influences the capacity of roads and intersections, and the assessment of that influence is done through the adoption or correction of the values of certain parameters. At unsignalized intersections the influence of drivers’ behaviour is reflected through the values of critical headway and follow-up headway. The acceptance of the value of time gaps, i.e., the value of the critical headway and follow-up headway, depends on drivers’ knowledge of local conditions. This paper presents the parameter values of critical headway and follow-up headway for resident and non-resident drivers based on the analysis and statistical processing of research results. The research was conducted at four roundabouts in four towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the total number of vehicles covered by the research is 31,053. In that way, it has been confirmed that the capacity of roundabouts depends on the behaviour of the alleged groups of drivers, i.e., with the increase of the level of participation of non-resident drivers in traffic flow, the roundabout capacity decreases. The model for determining the influence of non-resident drivers on the roundabout capacity was created by using multiple linear regression. If the proposed model in the procedures of traffic planning is applied, the influence of roundabouts on the level of service, sustainability, and the emission of Green House Gases (GHG) can be realistically assessed and perceived in accordance with the expected participation of resident and non-resident drivers.