Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of microvascular complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in relation to glycated hemoglobin. Material and Methods. This cross-sectional study analyzed the prevalence of microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus registered at the Primary Health Center Banja Luka. Demographic data, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, dyslipidemia, type of therapy, presence of retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy were analyzed. Data collection was done from December 2017 to November 2018. Results. The study included 228 patients, 132 (57.9%) men and 96 (42.1%) women. The most common microvascular complication was diabetic neuropathy (24.2%). The mean glycated hemoglobin level in patients with diabetic complications was 7.75 ? 1.66%. Although all participants with complications had unregulated diabetes mellitus (glycated hemoglobin > 7%), a statistically significant difference was found in regard to microalbuminuria (> 30 mg/24 h) and/or proteinuria (> 0.15 g/24 h) and/or decreased creatinine clearance (< 1.5 ml/sec) and their mean glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.025), while for other complications (neuropathy and retinopathy) the same was not confirmed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that microalbuminuria and/or proteinuria and/or decreased creatinine clearance (odds ratio = 2.174; 95% confidence interval: 1.040 - 4.543; p = 0.039) as well as elevated diastolic blood pressure (odds ratio = 1.09; 95% confidence interval: 1.024 - 1.162; p = 0.007) were factors associated with glycated hemoglobin > 7%. Conclusion. The most common microvascular complication in patients with both types of diabetes mellitus is diabetic neuropathy with a prevalence of 24.2%. The presence of microalbuminuria and/or proteinuria and/ or decreased creatinine clearance were associated with glycated hemoglobin > 7% and elevated diastolic blood pressure.

Introduction. Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which may be present at the time of disease detection. Screening for DPN is performed for the patients with type 2 diabetes at the time of diagnosis and for type 1 diabetes 5 years after diagnosis. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of DNP among family medicine patients with diabetes mellitus aged 18 to 70 years using nylon monofilament. Methods. The cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence of DPN among primary care patients with DM in Banja Luka. Seemes-Weinstein nylon 10g monofilament was used to detect DPN. Age, sex, duration of diabetes, type of therapy, symptoms, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and risk factors (hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, physical inactivity) were analyzed. Data collection took place from 01/06/2017 to 31/05/2018. Results. The study included 228 patients, 132 (57.9%) men and 96 (42.1%) women. There was a statistically significant difference in the duration of diabetes and the presence of all symptoms of DPN (tingling, burning, light burning and stinging) with respect to the presence of polyneuropathy (p <0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that patients who had hypertension (OR=26.2; 95% CI: 4.070-168.488; p=0.001), used oral antidiabetic therapy (OR=12.3; 95% CI: 1.300 -116.309; p=0.029 ) had tingling (OR=5.2; 95% CI: 1.431- 18.571 p=0.012;)and a longer duration (OR=4.27; 95% CI: 1.983-9.175; p=0.000) of diabetes were more likely to have DPN. Conclusion. The prevalence of DPN in patients with diabetes is 24.2%. Determinants of DNP are the presence of symptoms of tingling, duration of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and the use of oral antidiabetic therapy alone.

Introduction. Deja vu (franc. Déjà vu) is a phenomenon experienced by two thirds of all people. However, this phenomenon can follow aura during the temporal lobe epilepsy. It is believed that it originates from hippocampus, which plays a major role in generating epileptic discharges. Some authors emphasize that in these patients déjà vu phenomenon is not an aura but rather it sometimes refers to the attack itself. Method. In this case report, an eightyear-old girl suffering from repeated crisis of consciousness is described. Case report. The aim of the study was to present the case of an eightyearold girl who underwent three crisis of consciousness, headache behind the forehead as well as the repeated déjà vu phenomenon. The girl was hospitalized, after which medical history was taken and physical examination, as well as other diagnostic tests, were performed. EEG recording revealed an increased electrocortical epileptic activity above the right frontotemporal region. An antiepileptic therapy (Karbapin) leading to attack control was introduced. Conclusion. It is necessary to give temporal lobe epilepsy in children with déjà vu phenomenon serious consideration.

The concept of proper nutrition implies meeting the needs of the body concerning daily energy intake and a sufficient amount of nutrients and protective substances necessary to maintain the physiological functions of the body and its health. Nutrients are divided into macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Accelerated growth and development during adolescence increase nutrient requirements. Therefore, energy and nutrition requirements must meet the needs of adolescents. During their growth and development, there is an increased need for vitamins and minerals, especially for calcium, iron, zinc and vitamin D. During intensive growth, adolescents require more vitamins, especially B-complex vitamins and vitamin C, the intake of calcium and phosphorus is necessary as well, and the insufficient needs for proteins affect the development of muscles and energy levels. Proper nutrition and eating habits during the period of growth are of the utmost importance for the appropriate physical, psychosocial and cognitive growth and development of a child. Eating disorders usually occur as a result of low or high energy intake, and the most common types of these disorders are anemia, anorexia and bulimia, obesity and comorbidities, and poor eating habits. When it comes to the implementation of various programs concerning the prevention of bad eating habits and eating disorders, the school management, expert teams and student parents should bear the overall responsibility. Once or twice a year, preventive check-ups and BMI measurements are recommended to identify eating disorders.

Introduction. The aim of the study was to examine the correlation between subjective well-being and quality of life of the elderly in relation to their demographic characteristics, health, social and financial status. Methods. The study sample was comprised of 159 subjects of both sexes and of older age. The respondents underwent research in Banja Luka in the premises of the Association of Pensioners of the Republic of Srpska, senior citizens' clubs when coming to some of financial institutions to get help, to open bank accounts etc., as well as in the premises where pensioners gather to socialize and communicate. The survey questionnaire developed for the purpose of the paper and adapted to this population was used in the study. The survey questionnaire consisted of the following elements: sociodemographic data, self-assessment concerning the quality of life and Quality of Life Scale for the Elderly. Results. The study included a total of 159 subjects, 56.6% males and 43.4% females, of whom the majority were 65-75 years old (67.3%). The average health status (M = 2.17; SD = 0.68) was higher than the expected value, while the social status (M = 1.93; SD = 0.60) and the social needs (M = 1.91; SD = 0.72) were slightly lower compared to theoretical mean. Furthermore, the financial status had an average value (M = 2.08; SD = 0.59). The distribution of social needs was unsatisfactory. The obtained value of the Self-Perceived Quality of Life Scale was within the range of the theoretical mean values (M = 5.54, SD = 2.47), indicating that the distribution of the obtained quality of life values was symmetrical. Conclusion. Financial status significantly affects the quality of life of the elderly. The distribution of social needs is unsatisfactory. The level of education significantly affects the quality of life: highly educated respondents have a better health, social and financial status compared to the elderly with a lower level of education.

Introduction: Cognitive abilities are defined as the awareness of immediate discovering, rediscovering, and recognizing information in various forms, understanding, and comprehension. Objective: To examine the cognitive impairment rate and its effect on the functional status of elderly persons, retirement home beneficiaries. Method: The research has been designed as a cross-sectional study, including 110 elderly persons. Research instruments comprised a general questionnaire, Katz index of independence in activity of daily living, Lawton instrumental activities of everyday life, and Mini-mental state examination. The statistical test used was the ch2 test, while Pearson's correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. Results: Out of the total number of subjects, 60% had an impaired cognitive status. When it comes to functional status, assistance was necessary for 79.2% of the subjects. Statistically significant weak positive correlation existed between the subjects' cognitive status and their functional abilities (r = 0.331; p<0.001; r = 0.386; p<0.001). Conclusion: The cognitive deficit rate was high in the retirement home subjects. Cognitive deficit brings about a significant decline intellectual functioning and undermines the subjects' daily living activities.