Green Tea, made from Camellia sinensis plant leaves, is one of the most popular drinks in the world. For the past decades, scientists have studied this plant in terms of potential health benefits. Research has shown that green tea helps prevent stroke, malignancy and infections. In this paper, antioxidant activity and total phenol content of 4 samples of green tea from local Tuzla stores were investigated, of which two were of foreign origin. The antioxidant activity of the samples was analyzed using FRAP and DPPH methods. The obtained results show that the highest content of total phenols and the largest antioxidant capacity has a sample of foreign origin. The content of total phenols in the samples ranges from 60.01 to 79.34 mg GAE/g. The highest FRAP value is 3.34 mmol/g. The antioxidant capacity was also confirmed by the DPPH method. The IC50 value ranges from 0.014 to 0.030 mg/mL. Keywords-Phenol, FRAP, DPPH, Green Tea

For the construction of various civil engineering structures, particular care should be taken in the perspective of geodetic control. Therefore, the design and implementation of the geodetic network deserves special attention. This paper is focused on various aspects of datum definitions for tested micro-triangulation network. It was shown that the geometrical distribution of datum points in a minimally constrained solution has a great impact on the accuracy of the geodetic network. Estimates of the accuracies of individual station y-x coordinates, error circles and error ellipses, obtained by free adjustment, where the datum selection was independent of errors in fixed coordinates, revealed much better quality of control points.

Introduction: Two findings can be highlighted from recent medical research, first children of a young age are involved in organized sports activities more frequently than ever and second the first symptoms of Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) have been reported in children at the age of 5.5 years. The latest research has shown that children from ages 10 to 12 years have already been actively involved in sports activities for 5–7 years. In recent years, the practice of young children training to master sports has become a trend. Said exposes young children who are training intensively to various external risk factors such as social isolation, addiction, frequent injuries, and syndrome of overload. Enablers of this behavior are commonly parents and coaches who notice the child’s abilities stand out from those of other children in the group and find that such talent requires intensive sport-specific training. The purpose of this study was to determine the average age of the patients and the average age when the first symptoms of the disease appeared as well as to provide an analysis of the average duration of children being actively involved in sports activities before the first symptoms of OSD appeared. Methods: The research has been conducted on 200 patients who were previously diagnosed with Osgood-Schlatter’s syndrome. The participants were divided into two groups each containing 100 patients, first group –aerobic sports (football and basketball) and the second group –anaerobic sports (karate and taekwondo). Personal information, anthropometric measurements, complete medical, and sports history were taken from the patients. A clinical examination was conducted by the researcher himself. The study was prospective, clinical, comparative, analytical, and descriptive. The research was conducted in Public Center for Sports Medicine of Canton Sarajevo. Software used for statistical data analysis was SPSS for Windows (version 20.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) and Microsoft Excel (version 13 of Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA). Results: The average age when the patients started with intensive training was highest with basketball players (7.8 years) following with karate trainees (6.8 years). Basketball players had statistically the lowest duration of being actively involved in sports activities before the first symptoms of OSD appeared (5.4 years). No statistically significant difference in the average duration of training was discovered between the test groups. The average age when knee pain or swelling under the knee first appeared was at the age of 11.4 years with players of aerobic sports and 11.8 years with players of anaerobic sports. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found between test groups and subgroups. Before the first appearance of knee pain, the taekwondo patients had been in training the longest (4.7 years) and basketball players the least amount of time (3.4 years). Conclusion: By conducting retrospective analysis, it has been concluded that children had started training at the age of 3 or 4 years and had encountered the first symptoms of OSD at the ages of 4 years (football) and 6 years (taekwondo). Research showed that the early involvement of children in sports and their early specialization in sports are both external risk factors that have a dominant influence on OSD development.

The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) may occur at any age. However, it mostly occurs during the second and third decades of life. Compared to other odontogenic cysts, this type occurs with a frequency of 5‐15%. It is more common in the mandible region and in the male sex. Histologically, odontogenic keratocysts are characterized by the presence of an external connective tissue capsule, with keratinizing lining of the epithelium consisting of 5‐8 cell layers with marked palisadisation of polarized basal cells and a corrugated parakeratin layer. The objective of this study is to present cases of odontogenic keratocysts, with reference to the latest classification and dilemmas in therapeutic doctrine. This project was realized in the form of descriptive studies, specifically in a series of cases. A collection of four individual cases was found at the Department of Oral Surgery. Due to the proper approach towards diagnosis, adequate and detailed histopathological analysis, and suitable therapeutic procedures, all cases of odontogenic keratocysts were successfully treated without complications. Enucleation of OKC, with a regular follow‐up, proved to be the effective therapeutic choice for the patients described in this paper. Only in the case of recurrence would we consider other therapeutic options, primarily enucleation in combination with Carnoy’s solution.

High precision data of the $\gamma p \to \pi^0 p$ reaction from its threshold up to $W=2$~GeV have been used in order to perform a single-energy partial wave analysis with minimal model dependence. Continuity in energy was achieved by imposing constraints from fixed-$t$ analyticity in an iterative procedure. Reaction models were only used as starting point in the very first iteration. We demonstrate that with this procedure partial wave amplitudes can be obtained which show only a minimal dependence on the initial model assumptions.

This paper presents a quality of experience (QoE) conceptual model to the context of unified communications (UC) through summary, classification, and discussion of multiple influence factors (IFs) and dimensions affecting it. A deep and comprehensive understanding of the IFs and their impact on QoE for a given service is an essential precondition for successful QoE management with the overall goal of prominently optimizing end‐user QoE, while making efficient use of network resources and maintaining a satisfied user base. The proposed conceptual model was used to conduct a qualitative meta‐analytical review of selected papers. The results of the qualitative review include various IFs, QoE dimensions, and key findings in the form of research recommendations for QoE in the context of UC.

Background It is cost-effective to perform an HIV test in people with specific indicator conditions (IC) with an undiagnosed HIV prevalence of at least 0.1%. Our aim was to determine the HIV prevalence for 14 different conditions across 20 European countries. Methods Individuals aged 18–65 years presenting for care with one of 14 ICs between January 2012 and June 2014 were included and routinely offered an HIV test. Logistic regression assessed factors associated with testing HIV positive. Patients presenting with infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome (IMS) were recruited up until September 2015. Results Of 10,877 patients presenting with an IC and included in the analysis, 303 tested positive (2.8%; 95% CI 2.5–3.1%). People presenting with an IC in Southern and Eastern Europe were more likely to test HIV positive as were people presenting with IMS, lymphadenopathy and leukocytopenia/ thrombocytopenia. One third of people diagnosed with HIV after presenting with IMS reported a negative HIV test in the preceding 12 months. Of patients newly diagnosed with HIV where data was available, 92.6% were promptly linked to care; of these 10.4% were reported lost to follow up or dead 12 months after diagnosis. Conclusion The study showed that 10 conditions had HIV prevalences > 0.1%. These 10 ICs should be adopted into HIV testing and IC specialty guidelines. As IMS presentation can mimic acute HIV sero-conversion and has the highest positivity rate, this IC in particular affords opportunities for earlier diagnosis and public health benefit.

These guidelines update the previous EANM 2009 guidelines on the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). Relevant new aspects are related to (a) quantification of PE and other ventilation/perfusion defects; (b) follow-up of patients with PE; (c) chronic PE; and (d) description of additional pulmonary physiological changes leading to diagnoses of left ventricular heart failure (HF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia. The diagnosis of PE should be reported when a mismatch of one segment or two subsegments is found. For ventilation, Technegas or krypton gas is preferred over diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) in patients with COPD. Tomographic imaging with V/PSPECT has higher sensitivity and specificity for PE compared with planar imaging. Absence of contraindications makes V/PSPECT an essential method for the diagnosis of PE. When V/PSPECT is combined with a low-dose CT, the specificity of the test can be further improved, especially in patients with other lung diseases. Pitfalls in V/PSPECT interpretation are discussed. In conclusion, V/PSPECT is strongly recommended as it accurately establishes the diagnosis of PE even in the presence of diseases like COPD, HF and pneumonia and has no contraindications.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) affect a large number of children both in the Russian Federation and in Germany. Early diagnosis is key for these children, because the sooner parents notice such di...

This paper presents the acoustic and visual modeling of nine attitudinal expressions that were realized by the German speaking robot SMiRAE which is a speech-enabled version of the non-speaking robotic face MiRAE previously developed at Indiana University. The parameter-oriented acoustic model is based on the German Mary TTS which is part of the speech processing system InproTK. Visual realization of expressions is based on five defined basic emotions of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) developed by Ekman . B oth models were additionally modified with respect to results of an audio-visual analysis and evaluation of human portrayals of attitudes recorded in our previous work. The plausibility of synthesized attitudinal expressions is shown by an association study in which 18 participants described 54 attitudes in a free association. Basis for a 5-cluster classification was the first four dimensions of a correspondence analysis which accounted 78% of variance in participant perception. Significant correlations were seen between 66 normalized participant descriptions and the robot’s displayed attitudes. For instance, the attitudes admiration and politeness were associated with the terms freundlich and gluecklich , the interrogative attitudes surprise and doubt with the terms fragend, verwundert and skeptisch, the expression uncertatinty was perceived with traurig and besorgt .

Few works have been carried out on the coupled impacts of different management practices and tractor traffic on soil properties and degradation in vineyards, grape productivity and must quality. The influence of different tillage practices (conventional tillage—CT; grass coverage in a given year—INV‐GC; tillage in a given year—INV‐T) and continuous grass coverage (CGC) on bulk density (BD), soil water content (SWC), CO2 emissions, grape yield and must quality have been investigated in a vineyard in Zagreb, Croatia. During 2017, soil properties were analysed in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers after 3, 6 and 11 tractor traffic passes. The results showed that tractor traffic increased the BD in the CGC, INV‐GC and INV‐T treatments. The BD at the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths was significantly higher in CGC than in CT. During the wet year of 2017, CT and INV‐T had significantly higher SWCs than did CGC and INV‐GC. The CO2 emissions under different management practices were INV‐T (120.3 CO2 ha−1 yr−1) > CGC (111.4 CO2 ha−1 yr−1) > INV‐GC (71.7 CO2 ha−1 yr−1) > CT (51.5 kg CO2 ha−1 yr−1). The effects of soil management on must quality and grape composition measurements were also detected. Grape yield was as follows: CT (5.37 kg vine−1) > INV‐GC (4.43 kg vine−1) > CGC (4.06 kg vine−1) > INV‐T (3.87 kg vine−1). Treatments had a significant impact only on pruning weight, pH value and free amino nitrogen (FAN), whereas no significant differences were found in the cluster number per vine, mean cluster weight, sugar content and titratable acids.

Peptides are very common recognition entities which are usually attached to surfaces using multistep processes. These processes require modification of the native peptides and of the substrates. Using functional groups in native peptides for their assembly on surfaces without affecting their biological activity can facilitate the preparation of biosensors. Herein we present a simple single-step formation of native oxytocin monolayer on gold surface. These surfaces were characterizations by atomic force spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We took advantage of the native disulfide bridge of the oxytocin for anchoring the peptide to the Au surface, while preserving the metal ion binding properties. Self-assembled oxytocin monolayer was used by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for metal ion sensing leading to sub-nanomolar sensitivities for zinc or copper ions.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) are known psychological outcomes that can co-occur in the aftermath of a traumatic event. However, it is less clear how these outcomes interact – particularly for female survivors of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) – and to what extent intermediary factors play a role in this relationship. Methods: In a sample of 192 war survivors from Bosnia & Herzegovina (n = 104 experienced CRSV, n = 88 did not), a structural equation model (LISREL 8.8) tested CRSV as a traumatic event, 'positive reinterpretation' (as a strategy of approach coping) and 'behavioural disengagement' (as a strategy of avoidance coping), and PTSD and PTG as psychosocial outcomes. A difference in the mechanisms by which PTG and PTSD interact in the two subgroups was hypothesised, given the differences in the nature of the trauma they experienced. Results: Through multiple indirect relationships, results showed that CRSV survivors respond to their trauma with both PTSD and PTG, suggesting a dual PTSDPTG mechanism. As for coping strategies, positive reinterpretation predicted greater PTG, and behavioural disengagement predicted greater PTSD. In the sample of nonsexual violence survivors, positive reinterpretation also remained a significant predictor of PTG. Conclusions: Positive reinterpretation as a coping strategy appears to be a stable characteristic that independently predicts PTG, irrespective of trauma type. Mental health professionals should take into account this mechanism when addressing the needs of CRSV survivors, but also war survivors more generally. Reframing traumatic events and post-trauma sequalae during treatment could lead to PTG and enhance recovery.