The rapid advancement of quantum computing presents an urgent threat to 5G networks, particularly across sensitive roaming boundaries. While existing quantum-safe solutions typically require intrusive modifications to core network functions, this paper introduces a highly crypto-agile, non-intrusive proxy architecture to secure the N32 control-plane and N9 user-plane roaming interfaces. By deliberately isolating cryptographic operations within local, containerized proxies, our design avoids complex dependency upgrades on the running 5G core. To maximize practical deployability, we developed proof-of-concept prototypes based on OpenSSL 3.5.4 offering two distinct, highly configurable variants. The first enables immediate, software-only integration utilizing Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) suites (ML-KEM/ML-DSA, BIKE/Falcon). The second deploys autonomous agents in a custom Pre-Shared Key (PSK) configuration fed by out-of-band Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), enabling dynamically enforced cryptoperiods and seamless Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) fallback mechanism based on real-time key availability. We evaluate this architecture using a comprehensive open-source testbed combining Open5GS and QKDNetSim. To assess practical deployability, we measured control-plane registration times, cryptographic data volume, user-plane delay, and QKD key consumption against legacy HTTP(S) baselines. Experimental results demonstrate that these quantum-safe architectures perform comparably to, or better than, legacy security. The PQC proxies maintained competitive cold-start registration times (261–285 ms), successfully balancing computational and bandwidth trade-offs. Notably, the QKD-assisted PSK configuration achieved the highest efficiency, reducing median registration time to 258.2 ms (a 4.5% improvement over legacy HTTPS) and restricting handshake data volume to 12.3 kB by bypassing heavy asymmetric certificate authentication. Furthermore, all prototypes successfully secured the traditionally unencrypted GPRS Tunnelling Protocol user plane (GTP-U) traffic traversing the N9 interface with a practically negligible delay increase ( $\sim 300~\mu $ s). Finally, the study highlights critical transport-layer constraints, such as TCP-in-TCP congestion interference, underscoring the necessity of DTLS 1.3 to optimize practical, quantum-resilient telecommunications infrastructure.

Research laboratory buildings are among the most energy-intensive building types due to their high energy demand, ventilation requirements, and the need to maintain controlled indoor environmental conditions. Previous indoor environmental quality (IEQ) investigations exist; however, IEQ research on purpose-built research laboratory buildings, particularly those constructed during the middle of the 20 th century, remains underexplored. This study investigates the IEQ conditions of a mid-century research laboratory building constructed in 1960 and located on the University of Utah campus. Indoor environmental data were collected in two representative chemical engineering laboratories located within the basement and third floors of the building. This paper presents results from a seven-month analysis period, spanning April to October 2025. The monitored IEQ parameters included indoor air temperature, relative humidity (RH), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration, and fine indoor particulate matter (PM2.5). Measurements were recorded at hourly intervals and analyzed to assess temporal variations at both hourly and monthly scales. The results showed distinct thermal and indoor air quality patterns between the two laboratories. The basement laboratory (Basement Lab) had extended periods of underheating during the fall months, while the third-floor laboratory (Lab 3) exhibited more stable thermal conditions with occasional short-term temperature increases during summer. Relative humidity levels in both spaces showed pronounced seasonal variability, including extended periods below recommended comfort ranges. For both laboratories, CO 2 concentrations generally remained below the commonly adopted indoor air quality threshold of 1000ppm, although intermittent spikes were observed in the third-floor laboratory during occupied periods. Lastly, PM 2.5 concentrations were consistently low in both spaces throughout the monitoring period. Overall, the findings from this study illustrate how IEQ conditions are influenced by floor level, facade exposure, room volume, and occupancy patterns within a mid-century research laboratory building. The study provides empirical evidence that can support future performance assessments aimed at improving occupant comfort and environmental performance in existing laboratory facilities.

Mineral dietary supplements represent an important segment of products intended for the preservation and improvement of adult health. Calcium and magnesium are among the most commonly used minerals due to their significant role in maintaining bone health, normal muscle and nervous system function, as well as numerous metabolic processes. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the declared doses of calcium and magnesium in dietary supplements available on the market of the Republic of Srpska in relation to the recommended daily intakes prescribed by the current Regulation on Dietary Supplements for the adult population. The research included the analysis of product declarations, assessment of compliance of mineral content with regulatory requirements, and identification of possible deviations regarding minimum and maximum permitted quantities. The results indicate that most analyzed dietary supplements contain calcium and magnesium in doses compliant with the prescribed values, although significant differences were observed in the percentage contribution to the recommended daily intake among individual products. It can be concluded that continuous quality and composition control of dietary supplements, as well as adequate consumer information, are essential for the safe and rational use of calcium and magnesium in the adult population.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants. Due to their chemical stability, bioaccumulative potential, and use in industrial and consumer products, human exposure to PFAS has become unavoidable. The prenatal period represents a sensitive developmental window, during which even low-level exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may interfere with fetal programming and contribute to long-term health outcomes. PFAS are of particular concern because they can cross the placental barrier. Prenatal exposure has been associated with disturbances in endocrine, metabolic, immune, and developmental pathways, with consequences that may become evident later in life. The concept of PFAS as “silent programmers” of human health reflects their capacity to alter biological processes during critical stages of development, often without immediate clinical manifestations. Lowdose effects, non-monotonic dose–response relationships, and combined exposure to chemical mixtures further complicate toxicological risk assessment. Human biomonitoring studies based on paired maternal and umbilical cord blood samples, placental tissue, and early-life biomarkers are essential for understanding maternal–fetal transfer and early biological responses. Regional mother–child cohort studies, including TOXMOM and PrenTox, contribute to evidence on prenatal exposure to PFAS and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals, particularly in populations with limited biomonitoring data. Prenatal PFAS exposure represents an important issue at the intersection of environmental toxicology, reproductive health, child development, and public health prevention. Improved exposure assessment, early preventive strategies, and communication among researchers, healthcare professionals, pharmacists, policymakers, and the public are needed to reduce risks for future generations.

Quince wine (QW) is produced using quince juice (QJ); however, the production process can be improved, for example, by macerating the juice with quince pomace (QP). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the use of QP from the Leskovac cultivar as a fermentation substrate for QW production. Control samples were prepared using 100% QJ, with and without added sugar, while the treated samples were prepared by adding different amounts of QP to QJ. The addition of QP resulted in QW with physicochemical characteristics similar to those of the control samples, except for significantly higher methanol content in almost all macerated QW samples. The control samples exhibited considerably better antioxidant and antimicrobial properties than the macerated QW samples. The best antioxidant properties were observed in control samples B1 and C1, while control sample M1 showed the strongest inhibitory activity against the tested microorganisms. In some cases, the sensory properties of the macerated samples were better than those of the non-macerated samples. Samples C1, M4, and A3 achieved the highest overall sensory scores (18.6, 17.9, and 17.3, respectively). Overall, QP demonstrated potential for use in QW production; however, further investigation of the maceration parameters is necessary.

Violence in the family or domestic violence is a very complex social phenomenon that affects not only individuals but also society as a whole. As such, it is widespread in all societies around the world, regardless of belonging to certain social classes or certain social characteristics. Given that the family is the basic cell of society and as such has a very significant role in the development of man and society in general, violence within the family circle, that is, within the circle of trust, is a much more serious offense compared to all other forms of violence, especially when children are involved. Domestic violence is clearly defined and sanctioned at the level of international legal standards and national legal solutions, especially when it comes to children, because children are always victims of violence in the family environment, regardless of whether it is directly aimed at them or not. The aim of this report is to analyze this complex social problem from the aspect of legal regulations that have a certain dynamic of their improvement in the last few years in order to enable in practice timely and effective response of all subjects of protection, especially from the aspect of protection of children as victims of domestic violence.

Greater decentralization of modern IT environments, driven by distributed infrastructure, IoT devices, etc., has highlighted the limitations of traditional perimeter based security models, which are based on the assumption that the internal network is trusted, while threats exist exclusively outside of it. Implicit trust and broad internal access that perimeter environments have can create – and do create – favorable conditions for lateral movement, insider misuse, and unauthorized access. This paper examines Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) as a security paradigm designed to address these weaknesses. In parallel, the paper analyzes Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) communication as an alternative wireless technology whose physical properties, including spatial signal limitation and reduced penetration through walls, offer significant cybersecurity advantages compared to conventional radio frequency systems, but since the physical environment alone does not guarantee protection, cryptographic protection mechanisms in Li-Fi environments are emphasized. By combining the Zero Trust model with Li-Fi communication and secure key management mechanisms, a layered approach is provided for securing sensitive internal wireless communication against eavesdropping, message manipulation, and unauthorized access.

This laboratory manual supports practical study of programmable logic controllers and industrial automation equipment. Using a didactic workstation based on the Schneider Electric Modicon M340 PLC, it describes the rack, power supply, processor, digital and analog I/O modules, high-speed counter, variable-frequency drive, command panel, sensors, induction motor, and CANopen communication. It covers addressing and variable types, the Unity Pro XL development environment, PLC programming languages with emphasis on FBD, PLC-to-computer communication, and program transfer. Dedicated sections explain several methods of controlling the variable-frequency drive, CANopen integration, and laboratory examples, including measurement of motor speed with an inductive sensor.

In modern pharmaceutical quality control, accelerating analytical procedures while maintaining high accuracy is a key priority. This study focuses on optimizing analysis times by transferring classical UV/VIS spectrophotometric methods to a microplate reader platform. The model method chosen for this research was the determination of lysozyme enzymatic activity, conducted in accordance with the current Japanese Pharmacopoeia monograph. The underlying assay mechanism is based on spectrophotometrical measurement of the rate of absorbance decrease of a Micrococcus luteus bacterial suspension at approximately 450 nm. This decrease is a result of enzymatic hydrolysis of the cell wall and is directly proportional to the sample's activity relative to an official reference standard. The adapted method was verified and fully transferred from a standard cuvette-based spectrophotometer to a microplate reader format. This transfer enables simultaneous analysis of a large number of samples, resulting in significant time savings and higher throughput. Technical challenges encountered during the transition were successfully resolved by optimizing critical experimental parameters, including sample and reagent concentrations, volumes, reagent addition order, and reaction times, thereby ensuring strict result equivalence. The optimized method was successfully applied to three commercial products: Lysobact lozenges, Lysobact Junior oromucosal spray, and Lysoderm cream. Ultimately, verification of this model demonstrates that transferring to microplate readers enables high sample throughput while maintaining required accuracy and precision. This paper provides practical guidance for adapting classic UV/VIS spectrophotometric methods to modern technologies, improving efficiency in drug quality control.

Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing is the most important predictor for manifested negative clinical and economic treatment outcomes. The problem is more complex in the population with postoperative infections in neurosurgery, prevalence is increasing despite the implemented prophylaxis. The aim of this study was to perform a descriptive analysis of inappropriate prescribing of empiric antibiotics for treatment of central nervous system infections and surgical wound infections after neurosurgery. The study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study. From the total included population (n=136), cases were analyzed (n=78) in which at least 1 pattern of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing - misprescribing or underprescribing - was identified. Patients with meningitis (n=26), intracranial abscess (n=17) and surgical wound infections (n=35) were included. Misprescribing was identified by Medication Appropriateness Index tool in 69 (88.5%) patients whose use at least one antibiotic was evaluated with MAI score ≥4, while underprescribing was observed in 52 (66.7%) respondents. The most common inappropriately prescribed antibiotics were meropenem in 16 cases, and colistin, metronidazole and ceftriaxone in 11 cases. The most common reasons for inappropriate prescribing included inadequate choice of drug 77 (49.7%), inappropriate length of treatment 78 (50.3%), and inadequate costs 75 (48.4%). Underprescribing was confirmed in 36 cases for use of vancomycin and in 19 for the use of meropenem. Based on above results we can conclude that there is need for increased attention when evaluating empiric antimicrobial therapy and need to create local guidelines for empiric therapy based on epidemiological data on causative agents of observed infections and their harmonization with international recommendations.

The article "Contemporary Biomarkers of Blood-Brain Barrier Injury and Neuroinflammation in Preterm Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy" was published in Sanamed, Vol. 21, Issue 1, DOI: 10.5937/ sanamed0-66353. The Editorial Board of Sanamed was informed by the Ethics Committee of the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo that the Committee had not received an application, research protocol, or accompanying documentation for the study described in the article in question; had not reviewed the study or granted approval for its conduct; and that the official records of the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo did not confirm that the study had been conducted at that institution. The Editorial Board was also informed that one of the authors had stated that the study involving 120 patients had not been conducted. The findings are considered unverifiable and cannot be regarded as a reliable account of research conducted at the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, as claimed in the article. The retraction of the article has therefore been requested. Due to serious concerns about the reliability of the entire empirical and evidentiary basis underlying the article, the article is hereby retracted.

Introduction/Objective. Hyperhidrosis is a condition of pathological excessive sweating that exceeds the body’s physiological requirements for thermoregulation. Endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy (ETS) is a commonly used treatment for primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH); however, it may result in compensatory sweating (CS), which represents its most frequent postoperative complication. This study aimed to investigate whether heart rate variability (HRV) parameters could predict CS. Methods. A prospective single-center study was conducted in 100 patients with primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH) who underwent ETS. Preoperatively, all patients underwent 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring to assess standard HRV parameters. ETS was performed by transection of the sympathetic chain at the level of the third (R3) and fourth rib (R4), including the accessory Kuntz fibers. One month after surgery, the presence and severity of CS were assessed. Results. CS was absent in 61% of patients (p=0.028). Mild CS was the most common form (p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed in the analyzed preoperative HRV parameters between patients with and without CS (p > 0.05), including the low-frequency (LF)/high-frequency (HF) ratios, which represent balanced autonomic activity (LF/HF < 2) and sympathetic predominance (LF/HF ≥ 2). ROC curve analysis showed that age had significant predictive accuracy for CS (AUC 0.7333; 95% CI 0.634-0.833; p < 0.01), with an optimal cutoff of 23.5 years (sensitivity 0.82, specificity 0.47). Conclusion. HRV parameters cannot reliably predict CS following bilateral ETC in patients with PFH. The study confirmed that the optimal age for surgery is below 23.5 years.