The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) is the most ambitious agreement on biodiversity conservation and sustainable use to date. It calls for a whole-of government and whole-of-society approach to halt and reverse biodiversity loss worldwide. The Monitoring Framework of the GBF lays out how Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are expected to report their progress. A CBD expert group provided guidance on its implementation, including a gap analysis to identify the strengths and limitations of the indicators in the Monitoring Framework. We present the results of the gap analysis, highlight where more work is needed and provide recommendations on implementing and improving monitoring to allow effective and comprehensive tracking of the GBF’s ambition. We find that with the headline and binary indicators, which Parties are required to use, the Monitoring Framework fully covers 19% of the GBF’s ambition and partially covers an additional 40%. Including disaggregations of the headline indicators improves coverage to 22% fully and an additional 41% partially. Adding optional (component and complementary) indicators brings full coverage to 29% with an additional 47% partial coverage. No indicators are available for 12% of the GBF. In practice, the coverage of the Monitoring Framework will depend on which indicators (headline and binary as well as component and complementary) and disaggregations are used by countries. Disaggregations are particularly relevant to monitor the cross-cutting considerations defined under section C. Substantial investment is required to collect the necessary data to compute indicators, infer change, and effectively monitor progress. We highlight important next steps to progressively improve the efficacy of the Monitoring Framework.

Introduction: The World Health Organization states that health care is a science and art that requires a lot of understanding and practical application of knowledge and skills that are specific and based on research derived from biological, social, and humanistic sciences, and management.Aim: The main goal of this study is to determine the extent to which nurses implement the health care process based on scientific and professional evidence and evidence from clinical practice. Materials and methods: The study is quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and comparative. The author's questionnaire was created based on a review of professional and scientific literature and evidence from practice was used for the research.Results: Analysis of knowledge about the meaning of evidence-based health care shows that 140 (61.4%) respondents answered correctly to this question “Providing health care based on scientific research, professional literature, and good practice”. Almost 80% of respondents (181) correctly answered that evidence-based health care should be provided by nurse technicians of all levels of education who work in the health care process.Conclusion: The results of this research support the statement that nurses-technicians implement the health care process based on scientific and expert evidence, evidence from clinical practice, and this is supported by the fact that evidence-based health care is applied fully or partially by 221, or 96, 6%, of respondents.

The present study was designed to evealuate the influence of different substrates on the yield and antioxidant properties of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostrestus) cultivated in 'bag-logs'. The substrates used in this study were: (1) maize straw, (2) beech sawdust mixed with wheat bran, and (3 and 4) maize straw mixed with spent coffee grounds mixed in a different ratio. Total phenolics, total flavonoids and total antioxidant acitivity of oyster mushroom were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, Aluminium chloride method and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay, respectively. The highest fruiting bodies yield of oyster mushroom was obtained from substrate 4 (maize straw mixed with spent coffee grounds in a ratio of 50:50), while the least was from substrate 1 (maize straw). Total phenolic contents ranged from 3.80 mg in oyster mushroom grown on substrate 4 (maize straw mixed with spent coffee grounds in a ratio of 50:50) to 4.85 mg of gallic acid equivalents g-1 dry mass in oyster mushroom form substrate 2 (beech sawdust mixed with wheat bran). Total flavonoid contents were very low in all analysed mushroom extracts. There was no significant difference between total antioxidant activities of oyster mushroom grown on different substrates. 

U ovom radu analizirat će se upotreba diskursnih markera u spontanom govoru na suvremenom francuskom jeziku na temelju jednojezičnoga usmenog korpusa Les Vocaux na sveučilištima u Strasbourgu, Lorraineu i Liègeu. Analiza korpusa obuhvaća 745 audiodokumenata, odnosno više od deset sati glasovnih poruka koje su snimljene mobilnim aplikacijama. Rad će pokušati dokazati da diskursni markeri imaju ulogu artikulatora u govornim iskazima na francuskom jeziku. Iako se radi o neobaveznim partikulama u govoru na sintaktičkom planu, one su vrlo česte i važne su u primanju poruke na pragmatičkom planu. S obzirom na opsežnost korpusa i frekvenciju upotrebe markera, analizirat ćemo upotrebu samo jedanaest onih koji su najprisutniji u korpusu: du coup, genre, ben, mais, enfin, en fait, bon, voilà, après, quoi, donc. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da navedeni diskursni markeri imaju različite uloge na makrosintaktičkom planu te da, iako predstavljaju periferne elemente govora, doprinose razvoju i organizaciji ilokucijske snage.

This study aims to evaluate and comparatively assess the incidence and burden of knee ligament match injuries in the top five European football leagues (Italy, France, Germany, Spain, and England) throughout the 2022–2023 season. Beyond that, knee ligament match injury classification is based on layoff days and injury severity patterns for each registered injury. A total of 3015 players from “the big” five (UEFA, 2023) European football leagues (with a total of 98 football clubs), namely, Bundesliga, La Liga, Ligue 1, Premier League and Serie A, with an average of 30.8 players, a mean age of 25.1 (SD ± 4.6) years, were included in the study, also with an average of 14451.4 minutes exposure hours per league. The total exposure amounted to 71,382.7. The medical team recorded individual player time-loss knee ligament match injuries. In this investigation, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods were deployed. The football players' injury characteristics, along with other variables, were statistically evaluated using descriptive statistics of means, standard deviations (SDs), and frequencies. Based on descriptive statistics concerning the knee ligament match injury severity patterns, the data reflect that the Premier League (43.86%) and Ligue 1 (43.1%) have the highest percentage of severe injuries, suggesting that both leagues have a larger burden of severe injuries. Although they are still over 40%, the severe injury rates in the Bundesliga and Serie A are marginally lower. While the Premier League has the lowest percentage of mild injuries (15.79%), La Liga separates with a comparatively higher percentage of moderate injuries (30%) than the other leagues, indicating that injuries in the Premier League tend to be more severe in nature. In general, Minimal injuries are rare; the lowest percentage is found in Ligue 1 (3.45%). The collected data wasn't in line with a normal distribution therefore the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the incidence and burden of knee injuries within the five leagues. Subsequently, Dunn’s test was performed to determine exactly which leagues are different, the pairwise comparisons assessed differences in detail between every pair of leagues. The null hypothesis, as defined by which there is no difference in the knee ligament match incidence or knee ligament match burden of injuries between the leagues, was examined for every comparison. We reject the null hypothesis for the two analyses since the p-values for the incidence and burden of knee ligament match injuries are both 0.000, indicating substantial differences between the leagues for the knee ligament match injury incidence and burden

Human activities cause global losses of soil microbiome diversity and functionality. Microbiota transplants offer a potential solution, but the factors influencing transplant success remain unclear. We investigated how microbiota origin affects microbiome mergers, hypothesizing that native strains through niche preference are better adapted to their habitat and will outcompete non-native ones. To test this, we contrasted transplants between soil microcosm-cultured topsoil or lakewater communities with a community of 21 soil bacteria (SynCom). In both cases, SynCom transplant increased resident productivity but permanently shifted compositions, although its abundance dropped from an initial 50-80% to <1% within two months. Both merged and non-merged communities resembled natural soil microbiota in comparisons with over 81,000 soil, sediment and lake compositional data. Our results show that habitat filtering and niche competition, more than microbiota origin, determine transplant outcomes. Despite the limited proliferation of SynCom transplants, their capacity to instill lasting community trajectory changes opens new paths for microbiome engineering. TEASER Even transiently present microbiota transplants can alter resident microbiome composition through processes governed by habitat filtering.

Objective. The goal of this research was to examine the morphological characteristics and exact anatomical positioning of the greater palatine foramen (GPF), with reference to nearby anatomical landmarks. Material and Method. The research was performed on dry human skulls belonging to the Bosnian and Herzegovina population, using digital vernier calipers. The study began by noting the GPF’s position relative to the maxillary molars, then measuring its distance from the median palatine suture (MPS), the incisive fossa (IF), the posterior border of the hard palate (PBHP), and the posterior nasal spine (PNS). Measurements were conducted bilaterally, and afterwards the data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and Chi-squared test. A statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. The statistical analysis revealed that: the distance of the greater palatine foramen (GPF) from the midline is approximately 15.80±1.28 mm on the right side and 15.86±1.19 mm on the left side. The distance of the GPF from the incisive fossa measures about 40.12±2.19 mm on the right side and 40.34±2.08 mm on the left side. The GPF is positioned around 4.00±1.07 mm on the right side and 4.35±1.34 mm on the left side from the posterior border of the hard palate. Lastly, the distance from the GPF to the posterior nasal spine means 17.55±1.99 mm on the right side and 17.61±1.81 mm on the left side in the entire study population. The highest percentage of skulls (73.05%) showed the GPF positioned at the level of the third molar. Conclusion. The findings of this study further emphasize the variations in the location of the greater palatine foramen and underline the importance of thorough preoperative assessment in patients undergoing maxillofacial surgeries and regional block anesthesia.

Accurate variant classification is critical for genetic diagnosis. Variants without clear classification, known as “variants of uncertain significance” (VUS), pose a significant diagnostic challenge. This study examines AlphaMissense performance in variant classification, specifically for VUS. A systematic comparison between AlphaMissense predictions and predictions based on curated evidence according to the ACMG/AMP classification guidelines was conducted for 5845 missense variants in 59 genes associated with representative Mendelian disorders. A framework for quantifying and modeling VUS pathogenicity was used to facilitate comparison. Manual reviewing classified 5845 variants as 4085 VUS, 1576 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, and 184 benign/likely benign. Pathogenicity predictions based on AlphaMissense and ACMG guidelines were concordant for 1887 variants (1352 pathogenic, 132 benign, and 403 VUS/ambiguous). The sensitivity and specificity of AlphaMissense predictions for pathogenicity were 92% and 78%. Moreover, the quantification of VUS evidence and heatmaps weakly correlated with the AlphaMissense score. For VUS without computational evidence, incorporating AlphaMissense changed the VUS quantification for 878 variants, while 56 were reclassified as likely pathogenic. When AlphaMissense replaced existing computational evidence for all VUS, 1709 variants changed quantified criteria while 63 were reclassified as likely pathogenic. Our research suggests that the augmentation of AlphaMissense with empirical evidence may improve performance by incorporating a quantitative framework to aid in VUS classification.

The methodological approach of this cross-sectional confirmatory research was aimed at analyzing the dominant basic motor abilities and situational motor abilities, their general and partial contribution and prediction of the level of success of performance and behaviour in individual components of football as a prerequisite for a more complete explanation and projection of objective indicators of the competence framework of success in the game of football of the researched sample. The starting point was the assumption that this approach enables confirmation or correction of previous proceedings and procedures in the process of selecting young football players for their top achievements in the mature stage of their football career. The specific aim of this work is to determine individual and characteristic typical group profiles of basic motor and specific motor abilities based on different levels of success in different components of the game of football. The research was carried out on a sample of 110 young football players from Sarajevo aged from 12 to 14 years. Seventeen variables were used to assess basic motor skills, 11 variables for the estimation of situationalmotor abilities, and 8 variables for evaluating success in football. The results are a significant incentive for the improvement of selection technology of young football players because they offer an opportunity to model morphological, motor, situational-motoric, diagnostic, prognostic framework with clear indicators requirements and reference values for the ontogeny age of the sample.

In clinical practice, the development of peripheral artery complications in the lower extremities is a significant issue among patients with type 2 diabetes. The progression of stenotic-occlusive disease can be predicted based on the SCORE risk factor assessment and HbA1c levels. Color Doppler findings are crucial for evaluating hemodynamic flow in the arteries of the lower extremities. Aim: To determine HbA1c levels in patients with stenotic-occlusive disease of the lower extremities, correlate risk factor scores and HbA1c levels in the progression of stenotic-occlusive disease, and assess the significance of elevated HbA1c levels in relation to the clinical grade of stenotic-occlusive disease. Patient and methods: The study included 113 patients with type 2 diabetes (52.1%) and 104 non-diabetic patients (47.9%) as the control group, making a total of 217 participants. Both groups were classified as high-risk due to the presence of independent risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, smoking, obesity, and arterial hypertension. When the cumulative SCORE risk factor for the total group of participants (n=217) was analyzed, the results indicated a high level of risk with statistical significance, p<0.0001. Results: Patients with predominantly occlusive changes in the type 2 diabetes group had HbA1c values of 8.25%, which was significantly higher compared to those with stenotic changes, whose HbA1c values were 7.3% (p=0.002). According to the SCORE tables, a value >5% indicates high risk for developing cardiovascular disease, while a SCORE value of 7% was identified as a predictor for disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes, with high significance (p=0.0001). In the non-diabetic group, lower values of peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the superficial femoral artery (p=0.051) were observed. In the type 2 diabetes group, PSV values in the profunda femoral artery were lower (p=0.053), while significantly lower PSV values were recorded in the anterior tibial artery (p=0.008). Occlusive disease of the lower extremity arteries was present in 89.6% of cases in the type 2 diabetes group, with 90 patients affected, which was significantly higher compared to stenotic disease (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Subjects in the DM2T group with dominant occlusive changes had significantly higher HbA1c values ​​compared to the HbA1c group with dominant stenotic changes p<0,002. The risk factor score for the examined group, DM2T, was 7% (SCORE of high cardiovascular risk), and in the control group, non-diabetics, it was 8%, and both groups are high risk. HbA1c can be a predictor for the development of occlusions on the arteries of the lower extremities in subjects with DM2T.4. DM2T group subjects with occlusive changes had high HbA1c values, ≥8.25.

Background With the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), clinical engineering has witnessed transformative opportunities, enabling predictive maintenance of medical devices, optimization of healthcare workflows, and personalized patient care. Respiratory equipment plays a vital role in modern healthcare, supporting patients with compromised or impaired respiratory capacities. However, ensuring the reliability and safety of these devices is crucial to prevent adverse events and ensure patient well-being. Objective This study aims to explore machine learning techniques to enhance predictive maintenance for mechanical ventilators. Method: The dataset used for this study contains information about 1350 entries of mechanical ventilators, made by 15 different manufacturers and available in 30 distinct models. Different machine learning algorithms, including Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, K-nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Naive Bayes, and XG Boost are developed and tested in terms of their performance in predicting mechanical ventilator failures. Results The ensemble methods, particularly Random Forest and XGBoost, have proven to be more adept at handling the complexities of the dataset. The Decision Tree and Random Forest models both showed remarkable accuracies of approximately 0.993, while K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) performed exceptionally with near perfect accuracy. Conclusion Adoption of automated systems based on artificial intelligence will help in overcoming challenges of ensuring quality of MDs that are already being used in healthcare institutions. Implementing machine learning-based predictive maintenance can significantly enhance the reliability of mechanical ventilators in healthcare settings.

This paper aims to investigate the status of alignment and harmonization of corporate reporting in Western Balkans (WB) countries with the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). Specifically, the research will focus on understanding the extent to which WB countries have initiated the adoption of ESRS, particularly in the context of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) that mandates its use for companies within the European Union (EU) and its branches. The paper will compare the achieved level of sustainability reporting in Western Balkan countries with other countries located in Europe that are not members of the European Union. Despite the mandatory nature of ESRS for companies within the EU, our preliminary analysis indicates a lack of progress in the alignment and harmonization process among the WB countries. Western Balkan countries are also lagging behind, compared to other non-EU member countries, such as Switzerland and Norway, which have been selected for comparative analysis. The research seeks to uncover the reasons behind this lag and to explore the potential challenges faced by companies in the WB region in implementing these standards. It is crucial to understand the current state of sustainability reporting practices in WB countries and the challenges faced in aligning with ESRS. It will provide valuable insights for policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders on the necessary steps to enhance sustainability reporting practices in the region and foster alignment with international standards.

The flavor puzzles remain among the most compelling open questions in particle physics. The striking hierarchies observed in the masses and mixing of charged fermions define the Standard Model (SM) flavor puzzle, a profound structural enigma pointing to physics beyond the SM. Simultaneously, the absence of deviations from SM predictions in precision measurements of flavor-changing neutral currents imposes severe constraints on new physics at the TeV scale, giving rise to the new physics flavor puzzle. This review provides an overview of a selection of recent advancements in flavor model building, with a particular focus on attempts to address one or both of these puzzles within the quark sector.