Background: Medicines dispensing is an error-prone activity, therefore potentially jeopardizing patient safety. This study aimed to assess the community pharmacists’ attitudes towards the causes of dispensing errors and preventive measures, as well as their practice in incidents reporting. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed by distributing an adopted and validated questionnaire to a nationwide sample of community pharmacists in Serbia. The questionnaire included sections related to the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, their attitudes towards factors causing dispensing errors and corrective actions, as well as their practice in reporting. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Statistics software ver. 21.0. The associations between categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: The study included 1,004 participants, mainly female (94.9%), with the mean age 40.9±9.9 years and mean work experience 14.3±10.0 years. More than a third of the participants (35.4%) indicated an increasing risk of dispensing errors. The main causes included illegible prescriber‘s handwriting (44.3%) and interruptions during dispensing (39.2%), while the major corrective actions were providing pharmacists with education in clinical pharmacy (71%) and reducing the interruptions during dispensing (63.9%). The majority of respondents (85.2%) stated that they routinely reported dispensing incidents. However, even 16.5% of them admitted to having fear sometimes or always. Additionally, only 58.1% of participants would use voluntary dispensing error reporting system. Conclusion: Serbian community pharmacists are aware of the existing risk in medicines dispensing and the corrective actions identified should be put into practice so as to manage them prospectively. Although the results indicate good practice in incidents reporting, conducting tailored educations and building of safety culture is necessary to improve patient safety.

In the study, the development of physiotherapy was described through the history and education in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) with a special review on the significance of physiotherapy as a health-care discipline and the display of its development to the academic level of education in BiH.

In this paper, within the framework of morphostructural features, relationship between relief and geological structure in the river basin of Solina (north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina) is analyzed. Main goal of this study is to investigate causal relationship between complex geological characteristics of the terrain and genesis, morphological evolution and differentiation of three relief units in the river basin of Solina. Relief of river basin of Solina is predominantly non-conformal, tectonically predisposed; its structure is dominated by Cretaceous - Paleogene clastites. In this paper are applied modern geomorphological-geological methods, field work, analysis of topographic and geological maps, as well as satellite images of the studied area. Presentation of data has been realized in the Geographic Information System, and the geospatial data were geo-visualized on two thematic maps.

excellent resistance to hard water, and is suitable with various kinds of surfactants. Mixing anionic and cationic surfactants is not recommended. The aim of this paper is to show the influence of individual surfactants and their mixtures on the final properties of liquid soaps as well as the antimicrobial activity of surfactants and the advantages of biosurfactants. The highest antimicrobial activity is reported for surfactants containing 10-14 carbon atoms in their chain. The toxicity of cationic surfactants is the highest, then follow anionic and the last one is nonionic. Biosurfactants show the same functionality as the chemical synthetized surfactants, but biosurfactants are more environmentally friendly, with lower toxicity and biodegradable ability.

U radu je prikazana morfološka varijabilnost ploda 25 populacija javora klena (Acer campestre L.) na području Bosne i Hercegovine. Morfometrijsko istraživanje unutari među-populacijske varijabilnosti provedeno je na temelju 10 morfoloških značajki ploda, pri čemu su korištene deskriptivne i univarijatne statističke analize. Provedenim istraživanjem najmanje varijabilnim značajkama pokazale su se varijable koje opisuju oblik ploda, sa najmanjom varijabilnošću kod značajke odnos širine i dužine sjemenke. Za razliku od toga, za mjerene značajke ploda utvrđeni su viši koeficijenti varijacije. Najvarijabilnija značajka ploda u javora klena bila je dužina stapčice ploda. Najdivergentnije populacije obuhvaćene ovim istraživanjem bile su populacija Trebinje i populacija Rogatica. Za populaciju Trebinje utvrđene su minimalne srednje vrijednosti za pet od devet analiziranih značajki ploda, a za populaciju Rogatica maksimalne srednje vrijednosti za pet od devet analiziranih značajki. Analizom varijance ustanovljene su statistički značajne razlike između populacija za sve analizirane značajke. Isto tako, istraživanjem je utvrđeno da je unutarpopulacijska varijabilnost veća od međupopulacijske varijabilnosti za većinu istraživanih značajki. Odstupanje od tog pravila pokazuje varijabla F4 (dužina krilca ploda bez sjemenke) gdje komponenta varijance na međupopulacijskoj i unutarpopulacijskoj razini zauzima podjednak udio u ukupnoj varijanci. Provedena istraživanja morfološke varijabilnosti ploda javora klena u Bosni i Hercegovini predstavljaju pionirska istraživanja ove vrste, a dobiveni rezultati, temeljeni na morfometrijskoj analizi morfoloških značajki plodova, mogu poslužiti kao temelj za daljnja istraživanja.

This paper explores the dynamic relationship between economic freedom and tourism industry. In addition, the impact of economic growth is controlled in the extended model. Balanced panel data are collected for 100 countries over the period 2002-2015. The methodology includes panel data econometrics. Therefore, models are initially estimated using fixed and random effects models. Moreover, models are estimated using linear dynamic panel data estimators based on GMM framework. The results of linear static panel data estimators indicate a significant positive impact of economic freedom on tourism in both, initial and extended model. Stronger impact is reported in initial model. Dynamic panel data models confirm these results with the stronger impact reported in extended model. Given the importance of tourism industry, this paper suggests that governments should do necessary changes to foster the economic freedom since it is found to be an important factor to attract the foreign tourists.

Spondyloarthropathy is a form of arthritis that affects spine, especially sacroiliac joint leading to the severe, chronic pain and over time, can cause complete fusion of the sacroiliac (SI) joint. The present report describes a case of spondyloarthropathy in a captive female brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) from Sarajevo zoo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Morphological inspection and radiograph of the macerated sacral and coxal bone specimen was performed. Both examinations showed complete bilateral symmetrical fusion of the sacral and coxal bone with syndesmophyte formation. Animals residing in zoos are kept under specific conditions which lead to inactivity and possible mobility problems caused by some sort of spondyloarthropathy.

The issue of management process in all organizations with a pronounced hierarchical structure is extremely complex and equally abstract to both the participants themselves and all those who deal with the study of this topic. The management process involves decision-making based on appropriate economic analysis, experience, practice, micro and macro environment, and the ability of an individual manager to create a symbiosis based on all the knowledge that will ultimately lead to making an appropriate business decision. The aim of this paper is to build a presentation of the model, which in this case will improve the economic community and enrich the everyday work of companies. This will allow the ownership and management structures of a large number of inadequately structured and internally non-institutionalized companies to become active and passive managers of all business relations within the companies in which they operate, instead of active or passive observers. In this paper, a management model will be presented based on the data researched within five variables: quality of human resources, economic incentives, development perspectives, managerial capabilities of subordinates and business satisfaction. One of the aims of this paper is precisely to explore how these variables influence the business satisfaction of Croatian companies. The research was conducted in the territory of the Republic of Croatia, in all regions, on a representative sample, while representatives of the companies were surveyed. The answers obtained were analysed descriptively, through the regression model. It has been proven that the greatest influence on pleasure in business is influenced by managerial capacities, where beta coefficients is 0.367. Slightly less impact on the pleasure of doing business has the development of enterprises and incentives from the budget, while the smallest impact on the pleasure of doing business has human potential. The obtained beta COTA is statistically significant because the p – value

The main objective of this research is to measure the efficiency of commercial banks operating in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period 2016-2017. An analysis is conducted of over 12 banks that had positive overall profit lost at the end of 2016 and 2017 years published by the Banking Agency of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method with two input and three output parameters is used for efficiency measurement. Each bank’s efficiency is presented for the 2016 and 2017 years. For an observed period, large banks showed more efficiency than small banks. Based on the results shown in this research and features used in this model there is a significant difference in the relative efficiency of the top two banks and the rest of the 10 banks.

Vertebral artery fenestration is a rare vascular anomaly. It most commonly occurs in extracranial segments of the vertebral artery. This congenital anomaly can occur during the various stages of embryonic development of the vertebral artery. This usually does not have clinical significance, but the possibility of associated anomalies such as saccular aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations should be noted. Awareness of vascular anomalies is key to avoiding iatrogenic injury during endovascular diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Here, we present incidental findings of vertebral artery fenestration in a 46-year-old woman evidenced by CT angiography of the neck's blood vessells after I .V. contrast medium applications.

We model shallow-water waves using a one-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries equation with the wave generation parameterized by random wave amplitudes for a predefined sea state. These wave amplitudes define the high-dimensional stochastic input vector for which we estimate the short-term wave crest exceedance probability at a reference point. For this high-dimensional and complex problem, most reliability methods fail, while Monte Carlo methods become impractical due to the slow convergence rate. Therefore, first within offshore applications, we employ the dimensionality reduction method called Active-Subspace Analysis. This method identifies a low-dimensional subspace of the input space that is most significant to the input–output variability. We exploit this to efficiently train a Gaussian process (i.e., a kriging model) that models the maximum 10-min crest elevation at the reference point, and to thereby efficiently estimate the short-term wave crest exceedance probability function. The active low-dimensional subspace for the Korteweg–de Vries model also exposes the expected incident wave groups associated with extreme waves and loads. Our results show the advantages and the effectiveness of the active-subspace analysis against the Monte Carlo implementation for offshore applications.