Objective Recent data suggest that increased levels of the HOTAIR long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are involved in the development of various types of malignancy, including breast cancer. The aim of present study was to investigate HOTAIR lncRNA expression profile in breast cancer (BC) patients and cell lines. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, expression level of HOTAIR lncRNA was evaluated in BC and normal tissues of 15 patients as well as MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines, using quantitative reverse- transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). HOTAIR lncRNA expression levels were estimated using 2-ΔΔCt method. Further, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to evaluate the selected lncRNA diagnostic potential. The Cox’s proportional hazards regression model was performed to evaluate the predictive value of this lncRNA level in BC patients. Results The results of present study demonstrated no significant difference in the expression of HOTAIR lncRNA in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines compared to MCF-10A as normal cell line (P>0.05). However, we observed a significantly increase in the expression of HOTAIR in BC patients compared to normal tissues (P<0.001). Significant associations were found between gene expression and tumour size and margin. We found 91.1% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity of circulating HOTAIR with an area under the ROC curve of 0.969. The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated significant correlation between HOTAIR expression and overall survival. Conclusion This study demonstrated that expression of HOTAIR is increased in BC and might be associated with its progression. According to these findings, HOTAIR expression could be proposed as biomarkers for BC early diagnosis and prognosis.

The paper reviews the current role of information and communication technologies in veterinary medicine, management of animal health, animal production and food safety worldwide and discusses the shift from recognising the digital revolution as a novelty to accepting it as a norm. Due to the diversity in veterinary medicine, it is unlikely that information and communication technologies will fully substitute the need for field veterinarians in direct contact with animals, farms, diseases, food production and food products. However, information and communication technology has a growing role in our work and provides opportunities to exploit new technologies for professional and societal affirmation. Consumers, trade and regulations drive demands on veterinary medicine, reflected in our increased focus on prevention and early recognition of animal diseases and food safety issues through output-based and integrated monitoring systems and shared responsibility between public and private sectors. Simultaneously, information and communication technology has been incorporated within these demands and so now has roles in: veterinary clinical practice, heard health management, animal health databases, traceability of animals and their products, trade and veterinary certification, animal disease data analysis, tools for veterinary education and animal health diagnostics. The symbiosis of bio- and information technologies has opened a new era in health and food production, providing a novel chance for veterinarians to make a significant leap in their professional development, achievable only through strategic and active participation as leaders and collaborators.

In this paper, the authors referred to criminal autonomy and certain specificities of the crime of international trafficking in human beings, as well as the differentiation of the said criminal offense in relation to other related criminal offenses. This criminal offense is often unnecessarily identified with other related criminal offenses, although by its criminal law it constitutes an autonomous or autonomous criminal offense with clearly prescribed objectively-subjective characteristics. International human trafficking is a complex social legal phenomenon that is not a novelty in society, but its phenomenological manifestations have changed and adapted to certain conditions and circumstances in the phenomenological sense in different periods of history. Also, this paper articulates the complexity of discovering, investigating and proving this criminal offense, taking into account the restrictive legal requirements of the criminal and material nature that determine the actions of the law enforcement entities. It is not disputed that at the international level there is a clear commitment to the efficient and energetic struggle against this criminal offense, and in that sense, numerous international legal documents that form the platform or basis for the creation of national regulations in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been drafted and adopted, appreciating the complex constitutional the structure and existence of different levels of government. However, despite all the efforts at the international and national level, it is evident that international human trafficking is nevertheless a social and legal reality that is present even in economically developed and democratically regulated states, and as such presents a challenge to the present in terms of its criminal-law suppression.

The aim of the study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for clearance of 2-oxo-clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by using 72 plasma concentrations from the same number of patients (mean age of 60.82±10.76 years; total body weight (TBW) of 73.63±9.67 kg) with ACS using non-linear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM). Validation of the final PPK model was carried out through the bootstrap analysis with 200 runs and it was used to estimate the predictive performance of the pharmacokinetic model. The typical mean value for 2-oxo-clopidogrel clearance (CL), estimated by the base model (without covariates), in our population was 39.2 l h−1.The value of aspartate transaminase and co-medication with digoxin were determinants of a derived population model. The final regression model for the clearance of 2-oxo-clopidogrel was the following: CL (lh-1) = 1.7 + 1.31*AST + 115*DIGOXIN. The derived PK model describes the clearance of 2-oxo-clopidogrel in patients with ACS, showing that the value of aspartate transaminase and co-medication with digoxin are the most important covariate. This finding will provide the basis for future PK studies.

Motivation Gene and species tree reconciliation methods can be used to root gene trees and correct uncertainties that are due to scarcity of signal in multiple sequence alignments. So far, reconciliation tools have not been integrated in standard phylogenetic software and they either lack of performance on certain functions, or usability for biologists. Results We present Treerecs, a phylogenetic software based on duplication-loss reconciliation. Treerecs is simple to install and to use, fast, versatile, with a graphic output, and can be used along with methods for phylogenetic inference on multiple alignments like PLL and Seaview. Availability Treerecs is open-source. Its source code (C++, AGPLv3) and manuals are available from https://project.inria.fr/treerecs/ Contact eric.tannier@inria.fr or david.parsons@inria.fr online.

The increasing number of stray dogs and the lack of sufficient data on the prevalence of leptospirosis among dogs were the main reasons for conducting this research in different populations of dogs on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 300 serum samples were tested from three different categories of dogs of various breeds from 12 cities. Twelve leptospiral serovars were used in the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The presence of specific antibodies was confirmed for eight serovars. The proportion of seropositive dogs was 22.3% (67/300). The highest seropositivity (n = 38; 42.7%) was found for the serovar Pomona. The seropositivity rates found for the other serovars tested were as follow: Canicola (14.6%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (13.5%), Sejroe (12.4%), Autumnalis (12.4%), Grippotyphosa (2.2%), Bratislava (1.1%), and Australis (1.1%). The highest number of positive responses was obtained at the serum dilution of 1:100 (39.3%, n = 35). The highest number of positive reactions was identified in the category of ‘house dogs’ (29.3%, 29/99) followed by ‘stray dogs’ (21.6%, 24/111), while the lowest number of positive tests was recorded in the category of ‘guard/ hunting dogs’ (15.6%, 14/90). Vaccination with tetravalent vaccines, including the serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Pomona and Grippotyphosa could be an effective measure for the prevention of canine leptospirosis.

Cilj istraživanja je proučavanje efekata modela vježbanja na funkcionalne sposobnosti učenika srednjih. Uzorak ispitanika odnosio se na učenika srednjih škola u Kruševcu, uzrasta 15 i 16 godina, obuhvaćenih redovnom nastavom fizičkog vaspitanja i trenažnim procesom u dodatnoj nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja. Ukupan uzorak od 112 ispitanika bio je podeljen je na dva subuzorka: Prvi subuzorak od 56 ispitanika obuhvaćen redovnom nastavom fizičkog vaspitanja i trenažnim radom tri puta nedeljno za realizaciju modela motoričkih vežbi (fleksibilnosti) u procesu kondicione pripreme u dodatnoj nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja čini eksperimentalnu grupu. Drugi subuzorak od 56 ispitanika obuhvaćen samo redovnom nastavom fizičkog vaspitanja čini kontrolnu grupu ispitanika. Uzorak varijabli činili su; vitalni kapacitet pluća,, frekvencija pulsa posle opterećenja, anaerobna sposobnost margarija testom. Analizom rezultate T-testa funkcionalne sposobnosti između inicijalnog i finalnog merenja ispitanika. Nakon analize dobijenih rezultata zaključuje se da postoji statistički značajna razlika u frekvenciji pulsa posle opterećenja (FPPOP .000) i Margarija testu (FMARG .000).

The aim of the research is to study the effects that exercise models have on the functional abilities of secondary students. The sample consisted of high school students in Krusevac, ages 15 and 16, enrolled in full-time physical education and the training process in additional physical education classes. A total of 112 subjects was divided into two sub-samples: The first sub-sample of 56 subjects comprised the experimental group. Here, students are enrolled in regular physical education classes and training three times a week to realize a model of motor exercises (flexibility) in the process of conditioning in additional physical education classes.The second sub-sample of 56 subjects, included in regular physical education classes only, constitutes the control group of respondents. The sample of variables consisted of: a vital lung capacity, pulse rate after load, Margaria test of anaerobic capacity.We analyzed the results of the T-test of functional ability between initial and final measurement of subjects. After analysis of the obtained results, it is concluded that there is a statistically significant difference in the pulse rate after loading (FPPOP .000) and Margaria test (FMARG .000).

Predmet istraživanja je uticaj kreatina na brzinu plivanja. U ranijim istraživanjima smatralo se da je kreatin monohidrat efikasan nutritivni suplement koji je trenutno dostupan vezano za poboljšanje rezultata vježbanja. Skoro 70% ovih studija izvještava o značajnom poboljšanju kapaciteta vježbanja, dok u ostalim studijama generalno nije zabilježeno značajno poboljšanje rezultata.Ispitivanje je izvršeno na uzorku od 60 plivača članova Akademskog plivačkog kluba „22.april“ podjeljenih u tri grupe i uzrasta od 21-25 godine. Svi ispitanici su muškog pola i dobrog zdravstvenog stanja. Ispitanici koji pripadaju ovoj populaciji nalaze se u zenitu morfološkog i motoričkog razvoja i dobro su motivisani za napredovanje u plivanju. Ispitanici su bili podjeljeni u tri grupe i bavili se rekreativnim plivanjem do primjene ovog istraživanja.Sve tri gupe plivača su odrađivale tačno određen obim plivanja koji je pratio i sam plan za razvoja plivanja kod rekreativaca, s tim da je prva grupa plivača pored plivanja uzimala kreatin, druga grupa plivača je pored plivanja radila i fitnes, a treća grupa je samo plivala. Mjerenje je izvršeno krajem maja i polovinom juna 2008. Godine, na objektu Rekreativnog centra Srpske Toplice (temperatura vode 28 stepeni C).Uzorak varijabli se odnosila brzina plivanja na 50 m tehnikom kraul ( oba mjerenja i razlike u vremenima) korišćeni su pokazatelji deskriptivne statistike.Osnovni cilj rada je utvrditi da li sa uzimanjem, kreatina, dužine trajanja od tri sedmice, ima značajnih razlika na povećanje brzina plivanja u odnosu na modele treniga snage i modele treninga plivanja. Rezultati istraživanja analizirani t-testom pokazuju da su razlike u vremenu plivanja 50 m tehnikom kraul statistički značajne.

The subject of the study is the effect of creatine on swimming speed. In previous studies, creatine monohydrate was thought to be an effective nutritional supplement currently available related to improving exercise results. Almost 70% of these studies report a significant improvement in exercise capacity, while in the other studies, no significant improvement in results was generally observed.The test was performed on a sample of 60 swimmers, members of the Academic Swimming Club "April 22" divided into three groups and ages from 21-25. All examinees are male and in good health. Examinees belonging to this population are at the zenith of their morphological and motor development and are well motivated to advance in swimming. The subjects were divided into three groups and engaged in recreational swimming until the application of this research.All three groups of swimmers performed a specific amount of swimming, which was accompanied by the plan for the development of swimming in recreation, with the first group of swimmers taking creatine in addition to swimming, the second group of swimmers doing fitness in addition to swimming, and the third group only swimming. The measurement was carried out at the end of May and half of June 2008 at the premises of the Recreation Center SrpskeToplice (water temperature 28 degrees C).Variablessemple referred to swimming speed at 50 m freestyle technique (both measurements and time differences) were used. Descriptive statistics indicators were used. The main objective of the study is to determine whether, with creatine ingestion, with a duration of three weeks, there are significant differences in the increase in swimming speeds compared to the training of strength and swimming training models. The results of the study, analyzed by t-test, show that the difference in swimming time of 50 m freestyle technique is statistically significant.