New technologies introduce more services which will call for significant advances and changes in IP networks. Networks will have to go in the direction of network programmability, virtualization and cloud-based services. In this paper, Quality of Service (QoS) is configured in two different environments: (i) in traditional IP network using QoS policy-maps and (ii) in Software Defined Network. Two scenarios are compared in order to emphasize the benefits of using SDN technology when providing QoS provisioning mechanisms.

Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic-Engineering (MPLS TE) is a mechanism for optimizing network performances by using existing routing and resource reservation protocols in order to calculate and establish tunnels used for transporting different traffic flows depending on their destination. Aim of this paper is presenting benefits of using Segment Routing Traffic Engineering (SR-TE) in Software Defined Network (SDN) environment in order to overcome several MPLS TE problems and challenges presented in this paper. In order to present benefits of SR-TE in SDN, two scenarios are compared. In the first scenario SR is implemented in classical IP/MPLS network. In the second scenario, SDN controller is added to a topology and control over paths is delegated to SDN controller.

Fast, accurate and noninvasive methods for a High Voltage Circuit Breaker (HVCB) condition assessment are hot topics since the first breaker has been utilized in the electrical power grid. The HVCB is the key to the stable power system, so its fault diagnosis is of great significance. The vibration signal obtained during the operation of the HVCB contains valuable information on its mechanical and structural integrity. Based on these premises, the paper present method for noninvasive HVCB condition assessment based on the vibration signature measurement. The proposed method is suitable for offline as well as online or monitoring based measurement systems. The core of the assessment method consists of variational mode decomposition and Higuchi fractal dimension estimation.

High-voltage circuit breakers (HVCB), as well as power transformers, as a part of substations, undergo numerous tests during their lifetime. The first test is performed in the factory. The following is the acceptance test performed at a customer site after the delivery. The most numerous are maintenance tests performed during equipment services. All the mentioned tests require an appropriate connection between a test device and a test object, usually utilizing a large number of cables. This can be very time consuming and imposes an additional risk of obtaining appropriate measurement and assessment indices. This paper presents the potential of the wiring replacement by the wireless connection between the test object and test equipment, which would simplify, improve make the test preparation procedure and packing test equipment more convenient and faster.

Healthcare information systems store a huge amount of patient data, so the trend of the use of data mining in healthcare is on the rise. Heart and blood vessel diseases are a leading cause of mortality both worldwide and here in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and prevention, surveillance and treatment are of great public health importance. Based on data on patients with cardiovascular disease, collected from 2011 to 2017 at Mostar Hospital, models for mortality prediction using techniques for data tree mining, neural network and logistic regression are presented. The aim of this research is to compare the effectiveness of these methods in modeling the effectiveness of predicting mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Abstract I theorize that the idea of knowledge and education has shifted in Islam from an inclusive and rational search for all knowledge to a narrowed focus on religious knowledge, void of rationality. By synthesizing literature on education and knowledge in Islam, this study identifies three shifts in the cultural history of Islamic education. I argue that those shifts in what was deemed valuable knowledge have played a significant role in the emergence of radicalization today. The study shows that once the social world of Islam destabilized, the sense of belonging and sense making became inward and less reflexive as compared to that of early Muslims. Belief became privileged over the rationality mechanisms that had previously formed Islamic endeavors. I demonstrate that a decline in intellectual and scientific production followed, allowing extremists to skew Islam’s narrative by putting forward an idealized version of the Islamic caliphate divorced from rationality.

Simple Summary The recognition of the role of food in the improvement and preservation of health is receiving more and more attention among consumers, especially in developed countries. Fats from red meats are considered quite unhealthy because of their high levels of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids. Healthier lipid profiles of red meats can be achieved by a proper feed composition of animals, but other factors, such as breed, sex, and live weight, are able to affect the nutritional properties of meats. This investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of breed (Bergamasca, Italian Merino, and Sopravissana) on the fatty acid composition of invisible (intramuscular) and visible (subcutaneous) fats of light lambs reared in Central Italy transhumant farms. They recently gained a Protected Geographical Indication label (European Union, Commission Implementing Regulation No. 475/2013), as ”Agnello del Centro Italia”. It is an income opportunity for local farms that passes through the nutritional valorization of lamb meat. The indices of nutritional quality of fats have showed that the meat of Italian Merino and Sopravissana lambs had better nutritional quality than the Bergamasca breed. Abstract Lamb meat is the main product of Central Italy transhumant farms, where lambs are traditionally reared with their mothers on pastures and are supplemented with concentrates and/or hay from day 20–30 until slaughter. However, few data are available on the fatty acid (FA) composition of unweaned lambs reared by extensive systems in Central Italy. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of breed (Bergamasca, Italian Merino, and Sopravissana) on the FA composition of intramuscular (longissimus lumborum, LL) and subcutaneous (SC) fats of light lambs. Statistical analysis showed that breed had effect only on some FAs in LL muscle fat (C18:0, C20:0, C14:1, C16:1, C17:1, C18:3 n-3, trans and conjugated linoleic acid isomers) and in SC adipose tissue (C21:0, C16:1, C18:1, C20:4 n-6, C20:5 n-3, C18:1 trans isomers). Gas chromatography data in combination with a chemometric approach could have some potential to discriminate among breeds. Indices of nutritional quality of the lipids suggested that the meat of Italian Merino and Sopravissana lambs might have better nutritional quality than Bergamasca; further studies, involving a greater number of animals, are needed to confirm these early results.

Previous transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have identified breast cancer risk genes by integrating data from expression quantitative loci and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but analyses of breast cancer subtype-specific associations have been limited. In this study, we conducted a TWAS using gene expression data from GTEx and summary statistics from the hitherto largest GWAS meta-analysis conducted for breast cancer overall, and by estrogen receptor subtypes (ER+ and ER−). We further compared associations with ER+ and ER− subtypes, using a case-only TWAS approach. We also conducted multigene conditional analyses in regions with multiple TWAS associations. Two genes, STXBP4 and HIST2H2BA, were specifically associated with ER+ but not with ER− breast cancer. We further identified 30 TWAS-significant genes associated with overall breast cancer risk, including four that were not identified in previous studies. Conditional analyses identified single independent breast-cancer gene in three of six regions harboring multiple TWAS-significant genes. Our study provides new information on breast cancer genetics and biology, particularly about genomic differences between ER+ and ER− breast cancer.

S U M M A R Y Inversions of planetary gravity are aimed at constraining the mass distribution within a planet or moon. In many cases, constraints on the interior structure of the planet, such as the depth of density anomalies, must be assumed a priori, to reduce the non-uniqueness inherent in gravity inversions. Here, we propose an alternative approach that embraces the non-uniqueness of gravity inversions and provides a more complete view of related uncertainties. We developed a Transdimensional Hierarchical Bayesian (THB) inversion algorithm that provides an ensemble of mass distribution models compatible with the gravitational field of the body. Using this ensemble of models instead of only one, it is possible to quantify the range of interior parameters that produce a good fit to the gravity acceleration data. To represent the interior structure of the planet or moon, we parametrize mass excess or deficits with point masses. We test this method with synthetic data and, in each test, the algorithm is able to find models that fit the gravity data of the body very well. Three of the target or test models used contain only point mass anomalies. When all the point mass anomalies in the target model produce gravity anomalies of similar magnitudes and the signals from each anomaly are well separated, the algorithm recovers the correct location, number and magnitude of the point mass anomalies. When the gravity acceleration data of a model is produced mostly by a subset of the point mass anomalies in the target model, the algorithm only recovers the dominant anomalies. The fourth target model is composed of spherical caps representing lunar mass concentration (mascons) under major impact basins. The algorithm finds the correct location of the centre of the mascons but fails to find their correct outline or shape. Although the inversion results appear less sharp than the ones obtained by classical inversion methods, our THB algorithm provides an objective way to analyse the interior of planetary bodies that includes epistemic uncertainty.

Abstract Understanding present-day mantle heterogeneity is key to understanding the geochemical evolution of our planet. The Samoan islands are the type locality for the Enriched Mantle (II) reservoir that is thought to be produced from the subduction and recycling of marine sediment from upper continental crust. In addition to hosting extreme radiogenic isotope compositions from the EM II reservoir, Samoa also exhibits contributions from other mantle reservoirs in a dilute form including the EM (I) (recycled continental material), HIMU (recycled oceanic crust), and DMM (depleted upper mantle) mantle reservoirs. The plume system feeding the Samoan islands sits above a seismically imaged Large Low Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP) and an Ultra-Low Velocity Zone (ULVZ) that is thought to contribute, in addition to recycled components, the recently discovered early-formed (primordial) components with negative μ 182 W and high 3He/4He. Recent work measuring sulfur isotopes in ocean island basalts has established that recycled oceanic and continental crust host unique S-isotope compositions that can be identified at various hotspot localities. Here we document previously unknown relationships between Δ 33 S and radiogenic tungsten, helium and lead isotopes from 7 Samoan basalts (from the islands of Ofu, Vailulu'u and Malumalu) that suggest mixing between several endmembers. One, a HIMU influence that has slight positive Δ 33 S and positive δ 34 S; another, related to EM II that has near zero Δ 33 S and positive δ 34 S; a third, which is primordial with negative μ 182 W, high 3He/4He, that has Δ 33 S = 0 and negative δ 34 S. From this, we conclude that the indistinguishable Δ 33 S of the primordial endmember from that of the convective mantle indicates that sulfur isotopes were homogenized early in Earth's history. The Vailulu'u sample with HIMU characteristics, carries a small but resolvable Δ 33 S that allows, but does not require mass-independent Archean Δ 33 S to shift the Δ 33 S. The observed correlations involving Δ 33 S support arguments linking Pb, He, and W geochemistry to a deep mantle process and places constraints on questions related to the sources of mantle geochemical heterogeneity.