Purpose: Change of direction speed (CODS) and reactive agility (RAG) are important qualities in futsal, but studies rarely examined the predictors of these conditioning capacities in players of advanced level. This study aimed to evaluate predictive validity of certain anthropometric and conditioning capacities in evaluation of futsal specific CODS and RAG in top-level players. Methods: The sample comprised 54 male players from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, members of teams competing at the highest national rank, including national champions for the 2017–2018 competitive season in both countries. The variables comprised set of predictors (body mass, body height, triceps skinfold, reactive strength index [RSI], sprint 10 m [S10M], and broad jump [BJ]; and four criteria: futsal specific CODS and RAG, performed with and without dribbling (CODS_D, CODS_WD, RAG_D, RAG_WD). To identify the association between variables Pearson’s correlation and multiple regressions were calculated. Results: Observed predictors explained statistically significant (p < 0.05) percentage of variance for all four criteria (Rsq: 0.28, 0.30, 0.23 and 0.25, for CODS_WD, CODS_D, RAG_WD, RAG_D, respectively). Body mass was significant predictor for all criteria (Beta: 0.35–0.51), with poorer performances in heavier players. In both performances which involved dribbling, significant predictors was RSI (Beta: −0.27 and −0.31 for CODS_D and RAG_D, respectively), with superior performances in players with better RSI. The S10M and BJ were not identified as being significantly correlated to studied RAG and CODS performances. Conclusion: Study confirmed specific influence of studied predictors of futsal specific CODS and RAG with consistent negative influence of body mass on studied performances. Almost certainly this can be explained by specifics of RAG and CODS execution. Specifically, tests are performed over relatively small distances, with several changes of direction, which clearly mimic the futsal specific performances. Although sprint performance is often observed as important determinant of CODS and RAG, herein we did not confirm its predictive validity in explanation of futsal specific CODS and RAG. Future studies should evaluate other potentially important predictors of these capacities in futsal.

Introduction. Success in endodontic treatment depends upon the clinician's knowledge and ability to recognize and diagnose the presence of anatomical and morphological variations of the root and canal system. Mandibular canines are usually recognized as having one root and one root canal. In spite of the low incidence of mandibular canines with one root and two canals, their appearance should not be neglected due to the fact that the presence of a second canal in these teeth leads to difficulties in endodontic treatment. The aim of this case report is to describe mandibular canine with two root canals. Case presentation. 45-year-old patient presented for medical care due to the pain in a lower right canine. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed composite filling and caries with periapical radiolucent area and sensitivity to percussion in the mandibular right canine. By careful evaluation of the diagnostic radiology, it was observed that the mandibular canine had two canals. The patient was diagnosed with acute apical periodontitis and root canal therapy was given following the standard protocols. Conclusion. Although the prevalence of two canals in mandibular canine is low, the clinician should always be mindful of variations in the number of canals for appropriate therapeutic management.

Introduction. The success of endodontic treatment depends on the adequate biomechanical preparation and obturation of the entire root canal system. The untreated or poorly debrided/obturated root canals are among the most frequent causes of endodontic treatment failure. The endodontic treatment of maxillary molar has the highest failure rates due to the complexity of their root canal anatomy. The aim of the study is to present the endodontic treatment of maxillary second molar with two roots and two canals. Case report. The clinical case report presents the endodontic treatment of maxillary second molar with two roots and two canals in a patient, aged 32 years. After the analysis of preoperative diagnostic radiograph, opening the pulp chamber and access cavity preparation, two canal orifices were localized. After the biomechanical preparation, root canals were obturated with the Gutta-percha points and sealer during the same visit. Conclusion. Although maxillary second molar most commonly varies in terms of the number of root canals in the buccal roots, less common variations in anatomical and morphological traits, such as the presence of two roots and two canals, should be considered during endodontic treatment.

The purpose of this systematic review is to point out the application of the Fitlight trainer system in sports. The following electronic databases were used to search the literature: Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Mendeley, 2014-2020. Following the selection procedure according to the relevant criteria, 22 studies were selected as fit to needs of this systematic review. A review of researches that used the Fitlight training system in sports has revealed a rather heterogeneous selection of topics. The results obtained are classified according to the sports in which the research was conducted. The results summary provided us with the insight into the multiple uses of the Fitlight system in sports as a training and measurement tool. It can be used in both individual and team sports. It can test sensory-cognitive and various motor skills: reaction speed, speed of single movement, speed of running, agility. Based on all of the information provided, the possibility of multiple applications of the Fitlight system in sports was highlighted.

The study was conducted to identify differences in bilateral coordination between boys and girls in the first grade of primary school. The sample consisted of 30 first grade students, at the age of 7 years ± 6 months. The children were divided into two groups consisting of boys (14) and girls (16). The level of the children’s bilateral coordination was assessed using the Bilateral Coordination (7 variables) subtests that are part of the BOT-2 - the Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test Battery. The tests are used as a standardized measure of the level of motor skills in children. The obtained data was processed in the SPSS 19 statistical programme, and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine differences in bilateral coordination. After processing the data, it was noted that there are differences in bilateral coordination between boys and girls, but that they were not statistically significant. For more reliable results and, therefore, more conclusive results and conclusions, it is necessary to perform tests on a larger sample of children.

Numerous authors recommend participation in various types of aerobic exercise, pointing out their positive effects both in terms of the prevention of various illnesses, and in the improvement of one’s health status. The increasingly popular group fitness programs, as preprogrammed forms of physical exercise to music, have positive effects on body composition among women, such as a decrease in body mass and fat, and thus lead to an improvement in overall physical appearance. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of aerobic exercise to music on body composition and subcutaneous fat among young women. In order to compile data from existing research on the effects of aerobic exercise on young women, the following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, SCIndeks, PEDro, J-GATE, DOAJ and Google Scholar. The systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the statement of Preferred Reports for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Papers dating from 2006 to 2019 were analyzed. The research results confirm the positive influence of aerobic exercise to music on the parameters of body composition and subcutaneous fat among young women, irrespective of the overall duration of the exercise programs, with the conclusion that programs lasting up to 12 weeks are more effective when it comes to the decrease and maintenance of body weight, fat reduction, increase in muscle tissue, and lead to an improvement in aerobic abilities. The best effects of this type of exercise at an intensity level of 50 to 80% of maximum heart rate are primarily achieved among obese and overweight individuals.

Intelligent manufacturing plays an important role in Industry 4.0. Key technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics (BDA), the internet of things (IoT), cyber-physical systems (CPSs), and cloud computing enable intelligent manufacturing systems (IMS). Artificial intelligence (AI) plays an essential role in IMS by providing typical features such as learning, reasoning, acting, modeling, intelligent interconnecting, and intelligent decision making. Artificial intelligence's impact on manufacturing is involved in Industry 4.0 through big data analytics, predictive maintenance, data-driven system modeling, control and optimization, human-robot collaboration, and smart machine communication. The recent advances in machine and deep learning algorithms combined with powerful computational hardware have opened new possibilities for technological progress in manufacturing, which led to improving and optimizing any business model.

Improvements in energy efficiency in Industry 4.0 is the main imperative in manufacturing. An important challenge in many fields of complex industrial processes is energy-efficient optimization. The basic idea of the energy efficiency optimization algorithm is to find the optimal assigned value of process parameters to achieve the lowest energy cost and the best working conditions. Applying the multi-objective approach for solving real industry optimization problems is a challenging task. Therefore, this chapter provides an overview of the most significant issues in multi-objective optimization problem. Improving energy efficiency with the multi-objective optimization has opened new opportunities for technological progress in Industry 4.0.