The paper presents an online system named REDBUL, which is aimed at reverse engineering of relational databases. REDBUL enables database designers to automatically extract the schema from an existing relational database, and visualize it in a web browser, whereby the extracted schema is represented by the standard UML class diagram. Currently, two relational database management systems are supported by the REDBUL system, MS SQL and MySQL, while the paper illustrates reverse schema engineering for a MySQL database.

At the end of 2019 the world became aware of the existence of a new virus stemming from the Coronaviridae family and causing a specific disease – COVID-19. In less than three months, the virus and its consequences, developed from being a local public health problem in China to a daunting global problem we all had to face. On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic of COVID-19. On the international scale, even in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), the response of the professionals and scientists has been rapid, although not always consistently efficient enough. Despite the selfless cooperation of scientists and practitioners worldwide, countries with developed economies, good public health and a strong scientific system have had the advantage in the fight against the disease over developing countries. Despite the fact that by these criteria BiH is not one of the most resilient countries, so far, its response to the pandemic has seemed to be satisfactory. The Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ANUBiH) was one of the first institutions of the science system to respond to the pandemic. On the initiative and under the leadership of academician Mirsada Hukić, on March 22, 2020 the development of the project "Epidemic Location Intelligence System (ELIS)" and its Geoportal began on a voluntary basis, with the task of permanently monitoring the spread of COVID-19. Theoretical and professional parts of the project in the areas of medicine, public health and informatics were completed by April 2, 2020. Thanks to the support to the project by the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mr. Šefik Džaferović, the expert system received additional hardware support and was filled in time with data from across the country. This enabled the system to become operational as early as on April 8, 2020. The results of all these efforts are visible in this publication. Initially, the ELIS project was important for the epidemiological and public health area. The abundance of collected data and obtained virus samples enabled the extension of the project idea to the sequencing of viruses found in BiH and their typology. The transition of research to the clinical aspects of COVID-19 is the next phase in the development of the ELIS project. ANUBiH has already started the work on examining the economic and pedagogical consequences of COVID-19 in order to look at this medical phenomenon in the broadest possible context. All the results of ANUBiH in response to the epidemic challenges of COVID-19 are achieved due to the synergistic action of numerous individuals and institutions in different fields of science and public health in cooperation with government. Therefore, I believe that the ELIS project has shown the way to go in solving the burning problems of our society which we will encounter in the future.

Aim The damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has made the prevention of its further spread at the top of the list of priorities of many governments and state institutions responsible for health and civil protection around the world. This prevention implies an effective system of epidemiological surveillance and the application of timely and effective control measures. This research focuses on the application of techniques for modelling and geovisualization of epidemic data with the aim of simple and fast communication of analytical results via geoportal. Methods The paper describes the approach applied through the project of establishing the epidemiological location-intelligence system for monitoring the effectiveness of control measures in preventing the spread of COVID-19 in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results Epidemic data were processed and the results related to spatio-temporal analysis of the infection spread were presented by compartmental epidemic model, reproduction number R, epi-curve diagrams as well as choropleth maps for different levels of administrative units. Geovisualization of epidemic data enabled the release of numerous information from described models and indicators, providing easier visual communication of the spread of the disease and better recognition of its trend. Conclusion The approach involves the simultaneous application of epidemic models and epidemic data geovisualization, which allows a simple and rapid evaluation of the epidemic situation and the effects of control measures. This contributes to more informative decision-making related to control measures by suggesting their selective application at the local level.

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This article describes the life and medical activities of Jadwiga Olszewska (1855-1932) in Serbia from 1895-1899, AustroHungarian (AH)-occupied and annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) from 1899-1918, and the newly founded Kingdom of Yugoslavia, from 1919-1932. In summer 1899, Olszewska replaced Teodora Krajewska as an AH official female physician in Tuzla. Born in Congress Poland, Olszewska had enrolled in 1873 in the medical courses for women in St. Petersburg but had left Russia in 1880 to study medicine in France. She had lived as a student and single parent in Paris since 1883, and she was awarded her Doctorate in Medicine from the University of Paris in 1894. She could not practice medicine in Russian-occupied Poland because of her French diploma, and she could not practice in most Western countries due to her gender. Therefore, she decided to move to Serbia, where she worked as an assistant physician in the district hospitals of Loznica (1895-1897?) and Požarevac (1897-1899). Driven by the need for a higher income to fund her son's education, she engaged her network of Polish compatriots and procured the position of an AH official female physician of Tuzla in 1899, where she performed her duties in an exemplary manner. After the breakdown of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (AHE) in 1918, Olszewska remained in Tuzla and retired as a Yugoslav official physician in 1923. When she died in Tuzla in 1932, local colleagues had to arrange for a proper funeral because Olszewska did not leave any savings due to her insufficient pension. Olszewska's grave never received a tombstone, and it is untraceable today. CONCLUSION: Jadwiga Olszewska (1855-1932) was a woman pioneer of medicine from Poland, who practiced her profession first as an assistant physician in Serbia (1895-1899) and then as an AH and Yugoslavian official female doctor in Tuzla, BH (1899-1923).

Introduction: The source of scientific information, methods for their evaluation, and methodology of their use are critical for serious scientific research and publishing of the scientific research results. Certain methodological principles should be inexcusably followed when designing clinical or observational research to avoid bias and presentation of results that do not reflect the truth about the phenomenon that is the object of the study. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the methodological quality of clinical trials and observational studies published in medical journals from ex-Yugoslav countries indexed in Web of Science (WoS) and Pubmed/MEDLINE. Methods: Clinical studies published in medical journals of ex-Yugoslav countries were retrieved from the WoS and Pubmed database, and the sample for analysis was randomly chosen from the retrieved publications. The rate of the most common errors in the design of clinical/observational studies was established by a careful reading of the sampled publications and their checking against predefined criteria. Results: Number and percent of the evaluated studies that failed to meet each of the methodological criteria tested, number of the evaluated criteria not satisfied per database and number of studies that satisfied more than 4 criteria were analyzed per database. When explanatory potential of journal impact factor, number of citations, time elapsed from publication and a database where a journal is referred were tested by linear regression in regard to the number of methodological criteria satisfied per study, the linear regression model was obtained by backward deletion method and achieved R2 adjusted of 0.166 (F=13.827, df1 = 2, df2 = 127, p=0.000). The methodological quality of studies was directly related to impact factor of the journals (B = 0.976, 95% confidence interval 0.539 – 1.413, p=0.000) and inversely with the database where a journal is referred (B =–0.444, 95% confidence interval–0.824 – -0.064, p = 0.022). Each additional unit of impact factor increased number of satisfied methodological criteria for about 1, while referring a journal only in WoS decreased number of satisfied criteria for 0.45 points in comparison with journals referred in both WoS and Pubmed/MEDLINE, and for 0.9 points in comparison to journals referred only in MEDLINE. Conclusion: Methodological and scientometric quality of clinical studies published in medical journals from ex-Yugoslav region varies significantly, and the variations are higher in journals referenced only in WoS than in journals referenced in Pubmed/MEDLINE only, or in both Pubmed and Web of Science databases.

Introduction: Pseudo journals, hijacked journals, fraudulent journals, fake journals, and predatory journals waste valuable research when authors publish their studies in them. Aim: This article described novel suggested features for the identification of fraudulent journals and aimed to explain this issue to help inexperienced scientists avoid publishing in predatory journals. Methods: The articles related to this topic in were retrieved from PubMed and trustable Internet sources. Results: Unfortunately, some fake journals have made their way into reputable databases, such as PubMed, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science; thus, the serious question has been raised regarding how we should address this problematic phenomenon. We recommended 28 suggested characteristics of predatory journals for readers to take into consideration. Conclusion: Unaware of the detrimental effects associated with publishing in disreputable journals, inexperienced researchers can fall victim to them. Together, as both readers and writers, we should completely boycott predatory journals.

Identifying at-risk students is a crucial step in different learning settings. Predictive modeling technique can be used to create an early warning system which predicts students’ success in courses and informs both the teacher and the student of their performance. In this paper we describe a course-specific model for prediction of at-risk students. The proposed model uses the case-based reasoning (CBR) methodology to predict at-risk students at three specific points in time during the first half of the semester. In general, CBR is an approach of solving new problems based on solutions of similar previously experienced problem situation encoded in the form of cases. The proposed model classifies students as at-risk based on the most similar past cases retrieved from the casebase by using the k-NN algorithm. According to the experimental evaluation of the model accuracy, CBR model that is being developed for a specific course showed potential for an early prediction of at-risk students. Although the presented CBR model has been applied for one specific course, the key elements of predictive model can be easily reused by other courses.

Aim To determine preferable type of treatment in our clinical circumstances by following two groups of patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI), who were treated endovascularly and surgically. Methods Research was carried out in the form of a prospective study of 80 patients with CLI and Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) C or D type of arterial disease, with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class III risk, who were randomly divided in two groups as per the treatment they received, surgical and endovascular. Patients were followed during 28 months using clinical examination and Duplex Ultrasound (DUS) in accordance with prescheduled control visits. Results There was a statistical difference between surgical and endovascular group in two years patency (82.5% vs. 55%; p=0.022) but it did not result in the difference in amputation free survival (AFS) (95% vs. 85%; p=0.171) or two-year freedom from major adverse limb events (MALE) (87.5 vs. 77.5; p=0.254). Also, there was no difference in the overall survival of patients (100% vs. 97.5%; p=0.317). Conclusion Initial endovascular treatment is a preferred form of the treatment for selected patient population.

In contrast to classical appendectomy where the appendiceal stump is secured by a single or double ligature, in laparoscopic appendectomy various ways of securing the stump are mentioned. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages. Since different possibilities exist for closing the stump, it is very important to find the optimum method for closure of the appendiceal stump, bearing in mind their simplicity, biocompatibility and price. The aim of this review article has been to present the problem of securing the base of the appendix during laparoscopic appendectomy.

Modeling of pressure rise in SF6 GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) due to internal arc faults is a complex and challenging task, due to a large number of highly variable factors, which influence the whole process. This is especially the case in GIS with high rated short circuit currents, where the effects, such as material evaporation and erratic arc behavior, and consequently the pressure build-up rate, are much more pronounced. These severe conditions ultimately determine the design limits and must therefore be carefully investigated. The enhanced internal arc simulation model, presented in this paper, considers the impact of evaporation of different materials on gas properties and the pressure rise, as well as the dependence of released arc energy, thermal transfer and evaporation intensity on the state of gas. The experimental set-up and the test configuration, used to validate the calculation results, are evaluated and discussed. An evident finding, which is supported by measurements, is that the implemented improvements of the basic simulation model (introduced in the Technical Brochure 602 by the CIGRÉ working group A3.24) increase the prediction accuracy of GIS withstand performance during internal arc faults.

Abstract In this study, the back calculated compressive properties of flax fibers utilizing the Impregnated Fiber Bundle Test (IFBT) were investigated. The back calculated stress-strain response can be described by the Ramberg-Osgood model. The compressive modulus of the fiber is similar to its tensile modulus. The compressive strength of the fiber is approximately 45 % of its tensile strength. Considering the presence of local fiber kinking within the elementary fibers as well as global fiber kinking due to fiber misalignments and plastic shear deformation in the matrix material, this is a remarkably high value for the compressive strength. Our results indicate that local fiber kinking precedes global fiber kinking. We show that IFBT is a promising method for determining the compressive properties of flax fibers and provides necessary input data for finite element analysis of the compressive failure mechanisms in unidirectional flax fiber reinforced composites.

Human coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2, are emerging pandemic infectious diseases with high morbidity and mortality in certain group of patients. In general, SARS-CoV-2 causes symptoms ranging from the common cold to severe conditions accompanied by lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome in addition to other organs’ destruction. The main impact upon SARS-CoV-2 infection is damage to alveolar and acute respiratory failure. Thus, lung cancer patients are identified as a particularly high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications. On the other hand, it has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), that promotes cellular entry of this virus in concert with host proteases, principally transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Today, there are no vaccines and/or effective drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Thus, manipulation of key entry genes of this virus especially in lung cancer patients could be one of the best approaches to manage SARS-CoV-2 infection in this group of patients. We herein provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the role of ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 genes, as key entry elements as well as therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can help to better understand the applications and capacities of various remedial approaches for infected individuals, especially those with lung cancer.

The coexistence of humans and dogs, in addition to all positive effects, can result in negative effects on human health. A particular risk is posed by a population of stray dogs, that is, dogs without owners and veterinary supervision. A contact with dogs in addition to bites, carries the risk of viral, bacterial and parasitic zoonoses, and can also cause psychological trauma. Children, the elderly and pregnant women are the categories most susceptible to the negative effects of dogs. The aim of the paper was to make an interdisciplinary analysis of the negative effects of dogs on humans. Dog bites cause wounds and dysfunction of damaged tissue, and often lead to various infections. The risks of rabies and tetanus are particularly significant if proper and timely treatment is not performed. Ongoing training for dog owners can significantly reduce the number of bites inflicted by owned dogs, but stray dogs remain a serious social problem and pose potential health risks of some zoonosis. Timely and adequate management of bite wounds and the use of rabies-post-exposure prophylaxis as well as psycho-therapy, where indicated, significantly reduce possible adverse health effects for patients who have been bitten by dogs.

Aim To compare maternal, foetal and neonatal characteristics, and perinatal outcome of preterm and term deliveries in twins pregnancies in order to improve perinatal care in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods This retrospective cohort study included pregnant women with twin pregnancy who delivered during the period between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2018 at the Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre Tuzla. Results During the seven-year period 26 734 deliveries were recorded, out of which 362 (1.35 %) were twin pregnancies, 226 (62.4%) preterm and 136 (37.5%) term ones. In the preterm group 38 (16.8%) pregnancies were assisted medical reproduction, and 16 (11.7%) of those were in the term group. The average birth weight was significantly higher for the first twin in both groups (p<0.00001). Incipient intrauterine foetal asphyxia was more frequent in the preterm group (p<0.05). The most common indication for Caesarean section was abnormalities of foetal presentation and lie, 176 (68.2%) for the overall sample. Conclusion Cornerstone of twin pregnancy antenatal care is to get correct data about amnionicity and chorionicity. Since majority of prenatal data did not have this information we call all obstetricians to declare about amnionicity and chorionicity in twin pregnancies during the first trimester ultrasound examination.