Advances in the development of neuromarketing research methods and techniques, over the past two decades, have enabled their application not only for scientific purposes, but also for commercial purposes of researching consumer behavior. This paper will review various methods and techniques of neuromarketing research, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of using these, for the purpose of consumer behavior research. As a research part of the paper, combined laboratory neuromarketing research (EEG and eye tracking) was conducted, that examined implicit attitudes of consumers (attention and emotions, in real time, from second to second), whose goal was to examine how consumers react implicitly to different marketing stimuli (TV commercials for Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola brands). The research additionally examined whether there is an overlap of conscious consumer attitudes, collected by the research method through a questionnaire, with the results of the combined neuromarketing research. The research found that the tested marketing stimuli have a positive impact on the implicit positioning of tested FMCG brands. In addition, by comparative analysis of explicit and implicit consumer attitudes, it was found that there is agreement between them. Finally, the research found that neuromarketing research has the potential to improve marketing communication (tested TV commercials), and thus the positioning of FMCG brands.

The technology of computer-assisted six-axis frames is rapidly evolving. In this case report, we describe two cases of pediatric lower limb deformities treated by a novel hexapod device, the iFIXation system. For our knowledge, this is the first report in literature for its usage. The first case was a 14-years-old girl with posttraumatic shortening, varus and external rotation deformities of her lower limb around the ankle. All the deformities and shortening were corrected simultaneously with the iFIXation system. The second case was an 8-years-old girl with postinfection valgus and external rotation of the knee as well as shortening of the femur. Distal femoral deformities and shortening were simultaneously corrected by the iFIXation system and growth modulation to prevent recurrence of the deformity was done. The reported cases represent our earliest experience with the iFIXation system.

BACKGROUND Sleep apnea is described as an isolated risk factor for stroke or recurrent stroke which could be cause of death. In our study, the aim was to determine whether sleep apnea affects the outcome of stroke patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This is a prospective study in which a group of 110 patients in the acute phase of a stroke was evaluated sleep apnea. Acute stroke has been diagnosed either by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. There was no significant difference in patient's age with or without sleep apnea neither in men nor women. Neurological, neuropsychiatric, pulmonary test were performed in all patients at five different time periods. In these time periods, all patients were evaluated: Glasgow scale, The American National Institutes of Health Scale Assessment, Mini Mental Test, The Sleep and snoring Questionnaire Test, The Berlin Questionnaire Test, The Epworth Sleepiness Scale, The Stanford Sleepiness Scale and The general sleep questionnaire. RESULTS One year after the onset of stroke, 91 (82.7%) of 110 patients with apnea survived. The survival rate of patients with sleep apnea is significantly lower than without sleep apnea (p=0.01). In men with apnea, the survival rate was significantly lower in patients without apnea (p=0.004). The largest number of survivors of apnea had diabetes mellitus, followed by survival of patients with heart disease, body mass index >29 kg/m2 and hypertension, with hyperlipoproteinemia and smoking. The highest number of survivors without apnea was body mass index >29 kg/m2, followed by survival of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia, heart disease, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION Patients with sleep apnea have a significant correlation in survival rates compared with sexually and age-matched subjects, associated with concomitant risk factors such as hypertension, body mass index, and smoking.

Oleh Hornykiewicz was born on November 17, 1926 in Lamberg, Ukraine. After completing his studies in July 1951, he moved to the "Pharmacological Institute of the University of Vienna". In 1958, he started his research on centrally acting drugs at the same institute and came up with the idea of linking laboratory observations with animals with the basal ganglia of the human brain. Soon, Hornykiewicz initiated a new question: L-DOPA as a therapy for Parkinson's disease? Fortunately, after administration of this new drug, patients were able to perform motor activities which could not be prompted to any comparable degree by any known drug. In the following decades, initial fiction became an unavoidable fact. Dopamine, adapted and combined with carbidopa or benzerazide, has evolved into a drug that no longer recognizes the borders of countries and continents. Distinguished emeritus prof. Oleh Hornykiewicz died on May 26, 2020 at the age of 93 in Vienna, Austria. Unfortunately, despite everything he has done and deserved, the Nobel Prize was not received.

BACKGROUND Delirium is a syndrome that occurs in all age groups and in many clinical departments, and is most common in intensive care units. It is an emergency, in the overlapping fields of somatic medicine, neurology and psychiatry. Delirium occurs suddenly, dramatically, and requires a quick reaction, recognition and treatment. There are only a small number of studies that have reported delirium after a stroke. In our study, the goal was to determine the cognitive functionality of patients with delirium after a stroke. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This is a prospective study in which a group of 100 delirium patients in the acute phase of a stroke were evaluated for cognitive function. The control group consisted of the same number of patients with acute stroke who were not diagnosed with delirium. Neurological, neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological tests were performed in all patients at five different time periods. In these time periods, all patients were evaluated: Glasgow Coma Scale; Delirium Assessment Scale; The American National Institutes of Health Scale Assessment; Information-Memory-Concentration test; Dementia Score; Mini-Mental Test. The findings of computed tomography of the brain and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were interpreted by a radiologist who was not familiar with the goals of this study. RESULTS Cognitive functioning of delirious patients is statistically significantly worse after three and six months, and one year from stroke compared to those without delirium. There is no statistically significant difference in cognitive functioning between delirious patients in relation to gender, age, location and type of stroke and patients without delirium throughout one year from stroke. There is no significant difference in cognitive functioning between delirious patients during one year from stroke in relation to severity and type of delirium, and statistically significantly higher degree of cognitive dysfunction has those older than ≥65 years. CONCLUSIONS Delirium significantly reduces the cognitive functioning of patients after a stroke.

Background / Aim. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disorder. The effect of asthma drugs on oral health is still the subject of debate among researchers in dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental status in asthmatic children and evaluate the possible effect of drugs treating asthma on dental health. Methods. Participants were divided into two groups: the asthma (AG) and the non-asthma (NAG) group. Based on symptoms of the asthma and possibility for effective control of the disease, the asthma group was divided into two subgroups. The oral examination of the teeth was performed by the use of probe and mouth mirror under artificial light in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations. Saliva analysis was carried out by GC Saliva-Check Buffer. Results. The present study included 136 children aged from 6 to 16 years. The mean dmft/DMFT (decayed, missing, filled, teeth) of children in the AG group (6.0?4.0/3.3?4.4) was higher than in the NAG group (4.8?4.4/2.5?3.4), but significant differences were not observed between the groups. Salivary pH values were found to be similar in both groups, but a stimulated salivary flow rate was found to be significantly lower in the AG group (p<0.01). Conclusion. Although the prevalence of dental caries in the AG group was similar to the NAG group in this study, decreased stimulated salivary flow rate in the AG group may contribute to higher values of dental caries in asthmatic children in future.

Introduction. Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is a valuable method of estimating the extent of COVID-19 disease prevalence. The study aims to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in a specific group of respondents employed in the health insurance sector, to determine the ratio of symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, as well as to examine susceptibility to COVID-19 in relation to the ABO blood group system. Methods. This research was conducted among 150 randomly selected employees from the health insurance sector of the Republic of Srpska. All respondents completed the survey, voluntary consent to participate, and had a blood sample taken. Serum samples were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies. Results. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection was 70.7%. Out of the 100 seropositive respondents, 48% had the presence of a symptom of COVID-19, while 52% had no symptoms of the disease in the period from 1 March 1 2020 until the day of testing. Examining the association between ABO blood group system and seropositivity in our study, we found that the highest seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among respondents was in blood group B (83.3%), followed by blood group AB (80.0%) and blood group A (75.0%), while the lowest seroprevalence was among respondents with blood group O (54.1%). Conclusion. Among employees in the health insurance sector, SARSCoV-2 seroprevalence of 70.7% was registered. Among respondents with a positive serological result on IgG, 52% were asymptomatic. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is the lowest among subjects with blood group O.

Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation “Dr Miroslav Zotović”, Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Faculty of Health Studies, University of Sarajevo, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia.

Introduction: Carrying a school bag is a dominant activity that a child performs during daily productive activities. The aim of the research is to examine how carrying a school bag of different weights affects the distribution of force and plantar pressure during normal walking on the flat terrain of children of varying levels of physical activity.Methods: The pilot study included 124 students aged 11-12 from Banja Luka. According to the protocol, each group of respondents was treated with an intervention-customized school bag and a comparator-school bag that the child only opted for. For the research, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children, measurement of anthropometric parameters, school bag weight, and Zebris tape (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) were used for gait analysis.Results: Inactive children achieved the lowest and active children’s highest walking speed during normal walking without a bag, with their customized school bag. When carrying a custom school bag: The highest maximum force is projected on the left heel 330.72 N in inactive children, and the lowest 265.93 N in moderately active children, the highest maximum pressure on the left heel is registered in inactive children, 27.60 N/cm2, and the lowest 21.85 N/cm2 in moderately active children. The maximum force-time of % of standing time on the left foot in the middle part lasted the longest in inactive children, and the shortest active children carried their school bag 40.31% and a custom school bag 39.76%.Conclusion: High physical activity and individual adjustment to distribute the burden well allow the child to adequately respond to the loads carried by the weight of the school bag.