Autophagy is a dynamic process, conserved in all eukaryotes. It is responsible for the degradation of cytoplasmic content. Autophagy is crucial in cell survival and cell death. It plays a significant role in the cell response to stress, nutrient deficiencies, embryonic development, tumor suppression, response to pathogens and aging. The process of autophagy is also involved in the pathology of human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Autophagy is a mechanism that involves degradation of cells, proteins, damaged organelles and pathogens through the lysosomal mechanisms, thus autophagy supports cell survival during starvation, hypoxia and metabolic stress. However, if extensive and/or excessive, autophagy can promote apoptosis (type I) or function as an alternative cell-death pathway, called autophagic cell death (type II). Autophagy can either promote cancer cell death, or serve as a survival mechanism against apoptosis or necrosis induced by various anticancer treatments. Given the contradictory role of autophagy during tumor initiation and progression, the use of autophagy in therapy depends on the context and must be approached individually

This research aimed to determine the differences between the junior (U18) water polo players of five Croatian and one Montenegrin clubs in the anthropometric characteristics and body composition. The first sample of the subjects consisted of 14 players of the water polo club Mladost average age 17.57 ±0 65, the second sample consisted of 11 players of the water polo club Sibenik (17.82±0.65), the third sample consisted of 13 players of the water polo club Primorje (17.23 ±1.01), the fourth sample consisted of 15 players of the water polo club Mornar (17.13 ±0.64), the fifth sample consisted of 13 players of the water polo club Medvescak (17.92 ±0. 6) and the sixth sample consisted of 10 players of the water polo club Jadran Herceg Novi (Montenegro) (17.70 ±1.34). In the 2010–11 season, these clubs participated in Regional Water Polo League, commonly known as the Regional League or Adriatic League in Sou theast Europe. The measurements was conducted in the competition season in the period September-December 2010, at sports centers and swimming pools of water polo clubs that participated in the research. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were evaluat d using a battery of 12 variables: body height, body weight, arm length, arm span, leg length, foot length, chest skinfold, trice ps skinfold, back skinfold, abdominal skinfold, upper leg skinfold and body mass index. The standard central and dispersion parameters of al l variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the water polo players of six teams in the variables for ssessing anthropometric characteristics and body composition were determined using ANOVA and an LSD Post Hoc test.Based on the central a nd dispersion parameters, it can be stated that the values of all the variables are highly similar to all of the water polo player s of these six clubs. The ANOVA test found that the water polo players of the six international clubs do not have statistically significant di fferences in the variables for assessing anthropometric characteristics and body composition.

INTRODUCTION Paediatric psychopharmacology involves the application of psychotropic agents to the treatment of children and adolescents with mental disorders and gathered knowledge from child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP), neurology, paediatrics and pharmacology. Defining elements of this discipline are: the metabolism of drugs is different in children than in adults (pharmacokinetics), the developing brain reacts specifically to the drug (pharmaco dynamics), and psychopathology itself is not differentiated yet. To make and overview of specifics in psychopharmacological use in CAP and emphasize some experiences from Bosnia and Herzegovina in that field. METHODS Through insight in current literature, we presented comprehensive findings and compare it with situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. RESULTS The most common conditions in which psycho pharmaceuticals are used in CAP were attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), depressive and bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and the treatment of early psychosis. Psycho pharmaceuticals were also used to treat agitated conditions in various causes. We made an overview of psycho pharmaceuticals use in Bosnia and Herzegovina CAP and emphasized the fact that psycho stimulants are not approved for the use yet, although they are mostly prescribed medicament in CAP over the world. That limits us in the effectiveness of the treatment in ADHD and put us in the situations to use other medicaments instead (anxiolytics, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers) which are not approved for that condition. CONCLUSION The use of psycho pharmacotherapy in CAP is justified in cases where it is necessary to reduce the suffering of children and to improve their functionality at the time when cognitive, social and emotional advancement is most pronounced. Further research and clinical monitoring of efficacy and safety in the use of psycho pharmaceuticals in youngsters are necessary.