<p>The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander successfully delivered a geophysical instrument package to the Martian surface on November 26, 2018, including a broadband seismometer called SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure). After two years of recording, seismic body waves phases of a small number of high-quality marsquakes have been clearly identified. In this work, we will present how we estimate the body waves arrival times, and how we handle them to constrain the locations of the marsquakes and the interior structure. The inverse problem relies on a Bayesian approach, to investigate a large range of possible locations and interior models. Due to the small number of data, the advantage of using such a method is to provide a quantitative measure of the uncertainties and the non-uniqueness. In order to take into account the strong variations of the crustal thickness due to the crustal dichotomy, and thus consider the seismic lateral variations, which could cause significant misinterpretations, arrival times corrections are added using crustal thickness maps obtained from gravity and topography data.</p><p>&#160;</p>

This research is aimed to determine the differences in the racing performances of elite European and Latin American footballers. The research was conducted on a sample of N = 157 top football players, aged 19 to 35, who played all 90 minutes in the first round of the group stage of the competition at the 2018 World Cup. Respondents were classified into two groups, where group I (N = 103) consisted of football teams from Europe, and group II (N = 54), consisted of teams from Latin America. The obtained data showed that 8 out of 13 variables have the characteristic of heterogeneity with a higher value of variance than the arithmetic mean. The results of the T-test showed that only 4 of 13 variables had statistically significant differences. Footballers from European national teams are on average taller than Latin American footballers by just over 3 cm. European footballers had a 4% greater (p> 0.05) total distance traveled, distance in the first and second half of the game than Latin American footballers.

Izhodišče: Katetrska vstavitev aortne zaklopke (TAVI) je v zadnjih letih postala prevladujoča metoda za zdravljenje degenerativne aortne stenoze pri starejših bolnikih. Prispevek prikazuje prve rezultate zdravljenja s TAVI v mednarodnem kardiovaskularnem centru MC Medicor in jih primerja z najpomembnejšimi mednarodnimi raziskavami zadnjih let. Metode: V retrospektivno raziskavo smo vključili zaporedno serijo bolnikov, pri katerih smo opravili TAVI. Podatke smo pridobili iz lastnega registra perkutanih kardioloških posegov. Rezulati: Med 12. decembrom 2016 in 6. junijem 2020 smo TAVI opravili pri 109 bolnikih s povprečno starostjo 81 let in EuroScore II 3.95. Srednji ultrazvočni gradient na aortni zaklopki je znašal 46 mm Hg, izračunana površina ustja pa 0,8 cm2. Pri vseh bolnikih, razen pri enem, smo uporabili perkutani pristop preko femoralne arterije. Balonsko predilatacijo smo izvedli v 36,7 %, novo zaklopko vsadili v 98,2 % in jo balonsko postdilatirali v 15,6 %. Srednji ultrazvočni gradient po TAVI je znašal 9 mm Hg. Zmerna aortna regurgitacija je bila prisotna v 3,7 % (95 % IZ 1,0–9,1 %), huda pa pri nobenem od bolnikov. Nov srčni spodbujevalec je potrebovalo 22,9 % bolnikov (95 % IZ 15,4–32,0 %). En bolnik je imel tranzitorno ishemično kap. Urgentno perikardiocentezo smo opravili v 2,7 % (95 % IZ 0,6–7,8 %), srčno operacijo v 1,8 % (95 % IZ 0,2–6,5 %), žilno operacijo v 0,9 % (95 % IZ 0,0–5,0 %) in hemostazo s prekritimi žilnimi opornicami v 1,8 % (95 % IZ 0,2–6,5 %). Bolnišnična in 30-dnevna umrljivost sta bili 1,8 % (95 % IZ 0,2–6,5 %), enoletna 3,1 % (95 % IZ 0,0–6,5 %), dvoletna 5,6 % (95 % IZ 0,0–11,4 %) in triletna 14,2 % (95 % IZ 0,0–29,6 %). Zaključek: Začetni rezultati TAVI v Medicorju so ugodni in primerljivi z najpomembnejšimi mednarodnimimi raziskavami zadnjih let.

Agriculture is a major source of sediment and particulate phosphorus (P) inputs to freshwaters. Distinguishing between P fractions in sediment can aid in understanding its eutrophication risk. Although streams and rivers are important parts of the P cycle in agricultural catchments, streambed sediment and especially fluvial suspended sediment (FSS) and its P fractions are less studied. To address this knowledge gap, seasonal variations in FSS P fractions and their relation to water quality and streambed sediment were examined in three Swedish agricultural headwater catchments over 2 yr. Sequential fractionation was used to characterize P fractions in both streambed sediment and FSS. All catchments had similar annual P losses (0.4-0.8 kg ha-1 ), suspended solids (124-183 mg L-1 ), and FSS total P concentrations (1.15-1.19 mg g-1 ). However, distribution of P fractions and the dominant P fractions in FSS differed among catchments (p < .05), which was most likely dependent on differences in catchment geology, clay content, external P sources, and flow conditions. The most prominent seasonal pattern in all catchments was found for iron-bound P, with high concentrations during low summer flows and low concentrations during winter high flows. Streambed sediment P fractions were in the same concentration ranges as in FSS, and the distribution of the fractions differed between catchments. This study highlights the need to quantify P fractions, not just total P in FSS, to obtain a more complete understanding of the eutrophication risk posed by agricultural sediment losses.

This article proposes a new robust dead‐beat controller for multivariable systems using multirate sampled data. Applying a discrete‐time higher order sliding mode control approach, the proposed dead‐beat controller design uses the state‐space nominal model (model without disturbances) of the system and its controllability indices to compute the state feedback matrix. The obtained control annihilates the system state in a minimal number of sampling periods. For example, a heuristic procedure for selecting a sampling time is considered in order to keep maximal amplitudes of control inputs within the allowable limits. Since the dead‐beat control has poor robustness, a new discrete‐time supertwisting disturbance observer is used to suppressed disturbance effects. Stability analysis of the proposed observer has shown that it is suitable for Lipschitz type of disturbances. The sampling period of the disturbance observer is generally smaller than the control sampling period. Properties of the proposed control system are demonstrated in simulation examples.

Abstract The study has aimed to investigate and determine the anatomical position, shape, size, and histological features of the ductus venosus, and its role as a shunt in the fetal circulatory system in domestic ruminants. The research was conducted on 19 bovine, 11 sheep and 5 goat fetuses, aborted at the late stage of pregnancy or deceased just after delivery. The general anatomy of the ductus venosus was investigated by in-situ dissection of the corrosive cast obtained by injection of 25% solution of Vinylite mass through the umbilical vein. For histological examination, the fetal tissue samples were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Verhoeff-Van Gieson and Gomoriꞌs silver stain. The results showed that ruminant fetal ductus venosus is a curved, trumpet-shaped vessel, situated in the central part of the liver, above the porta hepatis. Its ventral part is constricted in the form of an isthmus, having a prominent lip-like thickening at the junction with the portal sinus. Histological examination showed the dominant presence of collagen and elastic fibers in its tunica media, with thin bands of smooth muscle fibers oriented in a longitudinal and circular direction indicating ability for vasoconstriction and vasodilatation.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic disease. Research shows the emergence of harmful habits such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in people with psoriasis. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of habits, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in patients with psoriasis, sexual distribution, and the relationship of habits with the severity of the disease. Methods: The prospective study included 129 subjects with psoriasis, of which 67 or 51,94% were women and 62 or 48,06% were men. Results: The frequency of cigarette smoking was 41,09%, alcohol consumption 24,80%. The gender distribution of cigarette smoking was: 35,82% of women and 46,77% of men smoked cigarettes. The gender distribution of alcohol consumption is: women 5,97% and men 45,16%. The severity of psoriasis, that is PASI score and cigarette smoking were statistically significantly related (r=0,63), and PASI score and alcohol consumption were not statistically significantly related (r=0,32). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are present in psoriasis sufferers, cigarette smoking is associated with disease severity, and alcohol consumption is not. It takes knowledge of the habits of people with psoriasis and a multidisciplinary approach to get rid of harmful habits.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a leading trend with numerous opportunities accompanied by advantages as well as disadvantages. Parallel with IoT development, significant privacy and personal data protection challenges are also growing. In this regard, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is often considered the world’s strongest set of data protection rules and has proven to be a catalyst for many countries around the world. The concepts and interaction of the data controller, the joint controllers, and the data processor play a key role in the implementation of the GDPR. Therefore, clarifying the blurred IoT actors’ relationships to determine corresponding responsibilities is necessary. Given the IoT transformation reflected in shifting computing power from cloud to the edge, in this research we have considered how these computing paradigms are affecting IoT actors. In this regard, we have introduced identification of IoT actors according to a new five-computing layer IoT model based on the cloud, fog, edge, mist, and dew computing. Our conclusion is that identifying IoT actors in the light of the corresponding IoT data manager roles could be useful in determining the responsibilities of IoT actors for their compliance with data protection and privacy rules.

Background: The corona virus is transmitted in three ways: by direct contact with an infected person, by droplets, and by air. Transmission control according to official guidelines can be prevented by keeping a distance, wearing a mask and washing hands. Sharing a space with several members of the immediate or extended family increases the risk of transmission in all three ways. In Traditional Bosnian families two or three generations live in one household. The family doctor is informed with living conditions of the residents and has the opportunity to monitor the rate of secondary transmission from the index case, and then recommend additional preventative and treatment measures. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the first occurrence of the symptoms and to monitor possible intrafamilial transmission of the disease through clinical examinations and microbiological-serological tests. Methods: The study was conducted in a family medicine clinic in the region of northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina from March to December 2020. Patients with symptoms that could indicate the presence of COVID-19 disease were registered. If COVID-19 was proven, the patient became an index case. The other members of the family would be monitored for the secondary transmission via laboratory (PCA SARS-CoV-2 and IgM and IgG antibodies) and clinical parameters. Results: Characteristics of 25 index cases were analyzed. All 25 of them were middle-aged men that worked outside the home. In 25 households, there was a total of 123 members that shared a home with the index patient. Secondary transmission developed in 76 out of 123 family members (61.8%). Only one patient had a severe form of the disease and was hospitalized. 2 patients died. Conclusion: Intrafamiliar transmission of Covid-19 in households of Bosnia and Herzegovina is high. The secondary attack rate of SARS- CoV-2 in households is 61,8%. In the surveyed households, family members use common rooms with an infected patient, and the customs of family gatherings are maintained, without the implementation of protective measures. The family medicine team has the opportunity to apply appropriate preventive action, education and early prehospital treatment as well as adequate selection for the hospital admission.

Future denser air-ground vehicle networks (AGVNs) face challenges such as resource allocation, mobility management, secure transmission, and so on. At the same time, surveillance is a must for modern air traffic management. This motivates us to find opportunities in the aerial vertical by forming a conceptual surveillance plane for aerial vehicles. In this article, we propose an enhanced software-defined network architecture where the surveillance plane can provide local and global surveillance information to macro stations, acting as a side system for the communication links. We review air- ground communications and, by summarizing challenges and opportunities, propose the enhanced architecture of side-information-assisted networks in detail. We then present how we obtain, organize, manage, and utilize the local and global side information by a so-called aviation data lake (ADL). The data lake can be easily connected with advanced machine learning schemes and, thus, provide timely, context-aware metrics and predictions.

Abstract More than 30 dog parasite species have been identified in Bosnia and Herzegovina so far, and half of these are zoonotic. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of parasitic infections in dogs from Bosnian-podrinje canton with a focus on zoonotic parasites. The study included 212 dogs (107 owned and 105 stray). One or more of the twenty parasite species were found in 82.55% of tested samples. Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Class Trematoda) was found in 0.94% of dogs. Dipylidium caninum and Mesocestoides lineatus (Class Cestoda) were found in 7.55% and 0.94% of dogs, respectively. Taenia spp. and Echinococcus spp. (Family Taeniidae) were found in 0.47% and 0.94% of samples, respectively. In the family of Nematoda, the following parasite species were identified with corresponding percent among tested dogs: Toxocara canis (25.94%), Toxascaris leonine (8.96%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.47%), Ancylostoma caninum (3.77%), Uncinaria stenocephala (52.36%), Trichuris vulpis (22.17%), Eucoleus aerophilus (1.42%), Dirofilaria immitis (1.89%) and Dirofilaria repens (1.42%). In the kingdom of Protozoa, the following parasite species were identified with corresponding percent among tested dogs: Cystoisospora canis (8.49%), C. ohioensis (2.36%), Cryptosporidium spp. (4.72%), Sarcocystis spp. (0.47%), Babesia spp. (5.19%), and Giardia duodenalis (15.57%). Leishmania infantum was not identified in tested samples. The results showed a high level of parasitic infestation in the dog population in the Bosnian-Podrinje canton, with a high occurrence of zoonotic parasites. Significant differences were found between owned and stray dogs for all classes of detected parasites with exception of the class Trematoda, disregarding specific parasite species.

The oral health situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is among the worst in Europe. We investigated the oral health behaviour of primary schoolchildren and their parents in Sarajevo. This was an anonymous cross-sectional survey among third-grade schoolchildren and their parents’ oral health habits in Canton Sarajevo. Cluster random sampling yielded a representative sample from all the public schools in Canton Sarajevo in 2019. The survey targeted a total of 441 children and 365 parents. Two thirds (66.5%) of the children reported brushing their teeth twice daily, and almost half of them failed to use fluoride toothpaste daily. Girls brushed their teeth significantly more often than did the boys (74% vs. 58%, p = 0.004). Children living in residential areas of middle and high socioeconomic status (SES) reported better oral health habits than did those living in areas of low SES. Our study showed that Sarajevo children’s oral health habits were poor. One-third of the nine-year-olds failed to brush their teeth according to recommendations, and almost half of them failed to use fluoride toothpaste daily. Improving the children’s oral health in the future will urgently require national oral health promotion and prevention programmes.