Abstract – Traffic safety should always be prioritized in all traffic systems. As the railway is a high-level complex technical and technological system, many factors affect its safety. Two factors that are the subject of research in this paper are train stopping distance and overlap. Keywords – Railway Traffic Safety, Train Stopping Distance, Overlap.

OBJECTIVE Patients and medical professionals have a common misconception that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) predominantly affect men, which can lead to less prescribing of cardiovascular drugs to women. This study examined whether there were sex differences in the administration of cardiovascular (CV) drugs in patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the Internal Medicine Clinic of Foča University Hospital (ICFUH). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised 332 patients hospitalized at the ICFUH from January 1st to June 30th, 2019. The following data on leading CVD and risks related to CV drug administration were collected: age, hyperlipidemia (HLD), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver disease (LD), heart failure (HF), hypertension (HTN), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke (S). The amount of the CV drugs of interest (statins, antiplatelet drugs, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics) administered during hospitalization was expressed as the Defined Daily Dose (DDD)/100 bed-days (BD) for patients of both sexes separately. RESULTS During hospitalization in the intensive care unit of ICFUH, female patients were less likely to be treated with statins than male patients (30.1 vs. 57.5 DDD/100 BD, P<0.05). There was no difference between sexes regarding the use of antihypertensive drugs. Women were less likely to be treated by antiplatelet therapy, more precisely by acetylsalicylic acid (30.4 vs. 36.9 DDD/100 BD, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our study indicates that there were sex differences in CV drug administration in ICFUH. Presuming that drugs used during hospitalization were at least partially a continuation of the previous therapy prescribed by the family doctor, it is possible that such differences exist in primary care.

Various trials have investigated the effects of multidomain lifestyle interventions on cognitive decline, but with limited clinical benefit. This could be due to these trials targeting older individuals with elevated cardiovascular risk factors, who often already qualify for preventive intervention. We aimed to determine clinical implications of trials by application of trial eligibility criteria and prognosis to the general population.

Abstract The paper describes the function and importance of safety devices on pressure equipment, legal regulations for the necessary scope and periods of functional inspections of safety valves in thermal power plants. The mode of operation of the apparatus for in-site testing and adjustment of safety valves on pressure vessels is described, as well as a comparative presentation of the obtained test results compared to the results obtained by the conventional method that uses hydraulic pressure of the medium for valve spring load. The on-site method uses a motor drive to load the valve spring, and uses sensitive displacement, force and sound sensors to generate signals, which are processed in a suitable software application to obtain test results. Unlike the conventional method, the on-site method allows testing of safety valves without their disassembly from the installation site. A comparison of the test results obtained by the modern method with the test results by the conventional method was made on several safety valves. It has been shown that in addition to better precision, which is important for valves with lower operating pressures, the application of the on-site method shortens the test time several times.

Background: More than 50% of stroke patients have sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), mostly in the form of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). SDB represents both a risk factor and a consequence of stroke. The presence of SDB has been linked with the poorer long-term outcome and increased long-term stroke mortality. About 20 to 40% of stroke patients have sleep-wake disorders (SWD), mostly in form of insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness/fatigue, or hypersomnia (increased sleep needs). Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of risk factors in patients with acute stroke and sleep apnea. Methods: The study included patients without cognitive impairment or with mild cognitive impairment. The diagnosis of apnea syndrome was made on the basis of the Snoring and Apnea Syndrome Questionnaire, the Epworth Sleep Scale, the Berlin Questionnaire, the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and the General Sleep Questionnaire. The severity of stroke was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Rankin Disability Scale. Patients with a Glasgow score <8 on the day of neuropsychiatric examination were excluded from the study, as well as patients with epileptic seizures at the onset of stroke, with aphasia, with Mini - mental test <23, with verified previous dementia / cognitive impairment. Results: There is no statistically significant difference in the age of men and women, both with apnea and without apnea. In patients with apnea, heart disease was in the first place 91.8%, followed by hypertension 86.4%, Body mass index 79.1%, hyperlipidemia 50%, smoking 38.2 % and diabetes mellitus 20.9%. Hypertension was the most common risk factor in patients without apnea 83.6%, followed by heart disease 81.0%, Body mass index 60.9%, hyperlipidemia 48.21%, smoking 28.2 % and diabetes mellitus 20%. Conclusion: Heart diseases, hypertension and body mass index are significantly more frequent in patients with than in patients without sleep apnea.

Background: The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 caused a pandemic that threatened all aspects of life and health while worsening the socio-economic situation of the entire population. COVID-19 affects all organs and organ systems. The symptoms of the affected organs can last for a long time after the acute infection. About 1/3 of patients develop neuropsychiatric signs in the clinical course of the disease. The most common symptoms are mental fog, headache, cognitive changes, behavior changes, muscle weakness, anosmia and ageusia. These symptoms may develop due to a direct effect of the virus on the neurons or hyper reactive immune response. Objective: The aim of this article is to describe 2 young adults who developed neuropsychiatric symptoms in the course of Long COVID-19 syndrome. Ischemic vasculitis was proved using CT imaging. Case report: We collected data of two younger females who had previously recovered from the acute form of COVID-19 without respiratory complications. They developed in the next 1-2 months a clinical picture of a brain disorder. In both cases, CT and angiography scans of the brain showed signs of ischemic vasculitis. Neurological therapy has led to an improvement of the neuropsychiatric symptoms. Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric disorders in Long Covid syndrome are common and diverse. Two cases of young adults who developed signs of neurological disorder in the post COVID-19 period were presented, and CT scans of the brain showed signs of ischemic vasculitis.

This paper proposes an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided full-duplex non-orthogonal multiple access (FD-NOMA) method to improve spectrum efficiency. Here, UAV is utilized to partially relay uplink data and achieve channel differentiation. Successive interference cancellation algorithm is used to eliminate the interference from different directions in FD-NOMA systems. Firstly, a joint optimization problem is formulated for the uplink and downlink resource allocation of transceivers and UAV relay. The receiver determination is performed using an access-priority method. Based on the results of the receiver determination, the initial power of ground users (GUs), UAV, and base station is calculated. According to the minimum sum of the uplink transmission power, the Hungarian algorithm is utilized to pair the users. Secondly, the subchannels are assigned to the paired GUs and the UAV by a message-passing algorithm. Finally, the transmission power of the GUs and the UAV is jointly fine-tuned using the proposed access control methods. Simulation results confirm that the proposed method achieves higher performance than state-of-the-art orthogonal frequency division multiple-access method in terms of spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency, and access ratio of the ground users.

The development of the internet of things (IoT) and smart cities, combined with the widespread usage of cooperative or independent air traffic surveillance systems such as automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) bring about novel deployment paradigms in air-ground integrated vehicular net-works (AGVN). However, compared with the evolutional physical layer advancing, the communication protocols such as TCP/IP protocol, which are listed on the top of communication protocol stacks, have relatively constricted developments due to their fixed frameworks. The most obvious manifestation of this trend is that these protocols can hardly extend interfaces to maximize the benefits brought by bottom layer upgrades. In view of the above problems, in this paper, we propose a novel handover strategy based on side information of the ADS- B for AG VN. Firstly, a practical scheme of combination between TCP/IP protocol and ADS-B, which is implemented in the Network simulation, version-3 (ns-3), is proposed to adapt the AGVN handover tasks. Secondly, the configuration, timing sequence and parameters, as well as hand over strategies of the scheme are proposed in detail with the modules called by ns-3 simulator. Finally, the experimental results are provided to validate the handover strategies.

In this paper, a channel state information (CSI) feedback method is proposed based on deep transfer learning (DTL). The proposed method addresses the problem of high training cost of downlink CSI feedback network in frequency division duplexing (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In particular, we obtain the models of different wireless channel environments at low training cost by fine-tuning the pre-trained model with a relatively small number of samples. In addition, the effects of different layers on training cost and model performance are discussed. Furthermore, a model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML)-based method is proposed to solve the problem associated with large number of samples of a wireless channel environment required to train a deep neural network (DNN) as a pre-trained model. Our results show that the performance of the DTL-based method is comparable with that of the DNN trained with a large number of samples, which demonstrates the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. At the same time, although there is a certain performance loss compared with the DTL-based method, the MAML-based method shows good performance in terms of the normalized mean square error (NMSE).

Background: Breast cancer in women is the second most common and accounts for approximately 18% of all malignant tumors in women worldwide. The etiology of breast cancer is not clear enough. Starting from the assumption that the manifestation of breast cancer may have a multifactorial model, this article compares the population-genetic structure of patients (experimental group) with the population-genetic structure of healthy population (control group). Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the possible genetic basis of the Rh factor relationship with selected homozygous-recessive traits of females with breast cancer, and to diagnose the probability (assess the risk) of developing the disease in healthy women by analyzing homozygous-recessive traits (HRT). Methods: This are an anthroposcopic-qualitative study that included two groups of subjects, experimental and control (a total of 80 subjects). An analysis of the percentages within each group was performed using the Chi-square test. The results are presented in tables, and the accepted level of significance is at the level of p <0.05. Results: In the group of Rh+ subjects, the correlation of this type of Rh factor with the breast cancer was proven, given the frequency of the phenotype of homozygous-recessive traits in them. A statistically significant difference was found for 4 traits, and three are also close to the set significance level. In subjects with Rh- factor, a statistically significant difference was found for only one trait (absence of mallets on the phalanges). Conclusion: Although the number of subjects was relatively small, we can conclude that in the experimental group a higher frequency of recessive phenotypes for the examined traits was recorded, which indicates the genetic load of the subjects from this group. Correlation with Rh factor was observed in the case of subjects of the experimental group with Rh+ factor.