Abstract To provide the most comprehensive picture of species phylogeny and phylogeography of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), we analyzed mtDNA control region (610 bp) of 1469 samples of roe deer from Central and Eastern Europe and included into the analyses additional 1541 mtDNA sequences from GenBank from other regions of the continent. We detected two mtDNA lineages of the species: European and Siberian (an introgression of C. pygargus mtDNA into C. capreolus). The Siberian lineage was most frequent in the eastern part of the continent and declined toward Central Europe. The European lineage contained three clades (Central, Eastern, and Western) composed of several haplogroups, many of which were separated in space. The Western clade appeared to have a discontinuous range from Portugal to Russia. Most of the haplogroups in the Central and the Eastern clades were under expansion during the Weichselian glacial period before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), while the expansion time of the Western clade overlapped with the Eemian interglacial. The high genetic diversity of extant roe deer is the result of their survival during the LGM probably in a large, contiguous range spanning from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caucasus Mts and in two northern refugia.

Background Microvascular dysfunction might be a major determinant of clinical deterioration and outcome in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, long‐term prognostic value of transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TDE) coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) on clinical outcome is uncertain in HCM patients. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess long‐term prognostic value of CFVR on clinical outcome in HCM population. Methods and Results We prospectively included 150 HCM patients (82 women; mean age 48±15 years). Patients’ clinical characteristics, echocardiographic and CFVR findings (both for left anterior descending [LAD] and posterior descending artery [PD]), were assessed in all patients. The primary outcome was a composite of: HCM related death, heart failure requiring hospitalization, sustained ventricular tachycardia and ischemic stroke. Patients were stratified into 2 subgroups depending on CFVR LAD value: Group 1 (CFVR LAD>2, [n=87]) and Group 2 (CFVR LAD≤2, [n=63]). During a median follow‐up of 88 months, 41/150 (27.3%) patients had adverse cardiac events. In Group 1, there were 8/87 (9.2%), whereas in Group 2 there were 33/63 (52.4%, P<0.001 vs. Group 1) adverse cardiac events. By Kaplan‐Meier analysis, patients with preserved CFVR LAD had significantly higher cumulative event‐free survival rate compared to patients with impaired CFVR LAD (96.4% and 90.9% versus 66.9% and 40.0%, at 5 and 8 years, respectively: log‐rank 37.2, P<0.001). Multivariable analysis identified only CFVR LAD≤2 as an independent predictor for adverse cardiac outcome (HR 6.54; 95% CI 2.83–16.30, P<0.001), while CFVR PD was not significantly associated with outcome. Conclusions In patients with HCM, impaired CFVR LAD (≤2) is a strong, independent predictor of adverse cardiac outcome. When the aim of testing is HCM risk stratification and CFVR LAD data are available, the evaluation of CFVR PD is redundant.

The Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) of the InSight mission to Mars, has been providing direct information on Martian interior structure and dynamics of that planet since it landed. Compared to seismic recordings on Earth, ground motion measurements acquired by SEIS on Mars are made under dramatically different ambient noise conditions, but include idiosyncratic signals that arise from coupling between different InSight sensors and spacecraft components. This work is to synthesize what is known about these signal types, illustrate how they can manifest in waveforms and noise correlations, and present pitfalls in structural interpretations based on standard seismic analysis methods. We show that glitches, a type of prominent transient signal, can produce artifacts in ambient noise correlations. Sustained signals that vary in frequency, such as lander modes which are affected by variations in temperature and wind conditions over the course of the Martian Sol, can also contaminate ambient noise results. Therefore, both types of signals have the potential to bias interpretation in terms of subsurface layering. We illustrate that signal processing in the presence of identified nonseismic signals must be informed by an understanding of the underlying physical processes in order for high fidelity waveforms of ground motion to be extracted. While the origins of most idiosyncratic signals are well understood, the 2.4 Hz resonance remains debated and the literature does not contain an explanation of its fine spectral structure. Even though the selection of idiosyncratic signal types discussed in this paper may not be exhaustive, we provide guidance on best practices for enhancing the robustness of structural interpretations.

This study investigates how global manufacturers offer advanced services, such as outcome-based contracts, to global customers. Offering advanced services requires companies to engage in and manage win–win collaborations with a diverse set of service network partners. However, there is currently a lack of insights into the value co-creation challenges faced by manufacturers’ R&D units and their service network partners. Equally, there is a pressing need for roles to be properly aligned when offering advanced services in global markets. Based on 34 exploratory interviews with respondents from two manufacturers and their six globally dispersed front-end service network partners, this study identifies diverse co-creation challenges related to the provision of advanced services in global markets. The results show that complex collaborations of this nature often do not lead to win–win relationships but rather to less understood win–lose or lose–win scenarios. Our proposed framework unpacks how to manage value co-creation challenges and establish win–win relationships through role alignment. This study’s findings show that the successful provision of advanced services requires manufacturers to play the role of global service orchestrators and service network partners to act as global service integrators. Thus, role alignment provides greater latitude to establish a joint sphere of value co-creation for back-end and front-end actors. We conclude by discussing this paper’s theoretical and practical contributions to the emerging literature on servitization in global markets and global service networks.

Background Diabetes mellitus rates and associated costs continue to rise across Europe enhancing health authority focus on its management. The risk of complications is enhanced by poor glycaemic control, with long-acting insulin analogues developed to reduce hypoglycaemia and improve patient convenience. There are concerns though with their considerably higher costs, but moderated by reductions in complications and associated costs. Biosimilars can help further reduce costs. However, to date, price reductions for biosimilar insulin glargine appear limited. In addition, the originator company has switched promotional efforts to more concentrated patented formulations to reduce the impact of biosimilars. There are also concerns with different devices between the manufacturers. As a result, there is a need to assess current utilisation rates for insulins, especially long-acting insulin analogues and biosimilars, and the rationale for patterns seen, among multiple European countries to provide future direction. Methodology. Health authority databases are examined to assess utilisation and expenditure patterns for insulins, including biosimilar insulin glargine. Explanations for patterns seen were provided by senior-level personnel. Results Typically increasing use of long-acting insulin analogues across Europe including both Western and Central and Eastern European countries reflects perceived patient benefits despite higher prices. However, activities by the originator company to switch patients to more concentrated insulin glargine coupled with lowering prices towards biosimilars have limited biosimilar uptake, with biosimilars not currently launched in a minority of European countries. A number of activities were identified to address this. Enhancing the attractiveness of the biosimilar insulin market is essential to encourage other biosimilar manufacturers to enter the market as more long-acting insulin analogues lose their patents to benefit all key stakeholder groups. Conclusions There are concerns with the availability and use of insulin glargine biosimilars among European countries despite lower costs. This can be addressed.

ABSTRACT Introduction Disease-specific treatments are available only for a minority of patients with genetic epilepsies, while the rest are treated with anticonvulsants, which are ineffective in almost one-third of patients. Areas covered Recently approved and the most effective emerging therapeutics under development for the treatment of genetic epilepsies are overviewed after systematic search and analysis of relevant literature. Expert opinion New and emerging drugs for genetic epilepsies exploit one of the two approaches: inhibiting hyperactive brain foci through blocking excitatory or augmenting inhibitory neurotransmission, or correcting the underlying genetic defect. The first is limited by insufficient selectivity of available compounds, and the second by imperfection of currently used vectors of genetic material, unselective and transient transgene expression. Besides, the treatment may come too late, after structural abnormalities and epilepsy deterioration takes place. However, with recent improvements, we can expect to see soon gradual decline in the number of patients with therapy-resistant genetic epilepsies.

The antioxidants present in natural food products show a higher antioxidant activity than synthetic one [1]. Polyphenolic compounds are the most important antioxidants in bee honey. Bee honey is the most popular bee product by human [2]. In addition to the polyphenols there are non-phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential, such as proteins, gluconic acid, L-ascorbic acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl methyl furfural (HMF), Maillard reaction products, etc. The antioxidant activity of honey largely depends on the content of micro biogenic elements. The aims of this paper are to present the complex role of micro biogenic elements in the human. It is especially important to point out micro biogenic elements that can act both as antioxidants and as pro-oxidants, such as Cu. Cu acts as antioxidant because it is an integral part of some enzymes involved in the antioxidant activity of the organism. Cu in honey also acts as a pro-oxidant through Haber-weis reaction with L-ascorbic acid also present in honey. In addition to being an essential micro-nutrient Cu is potentially very hazardous because of the capacity change in oxidation state leading to the initiation of the reaction in which free radicals are formed. Therefore, the balanced intake of copper and other trace elements in the human body is very important. Therefore, changes in the antioxidant activity of food are the result of chemical changes in antioxidant active compounds present in the food product.

Rad govori o važnosti književnih pravaca, književnih vrsta i psihoterapije. Ovdje je prikazano kako jedna biblioterapijska tehnika može pomoći osobama koje imaju problem tj. prikazano je ciljano čitanje bajki kroz knjževnoteorijske pravce, a koje znatno doprinose rješenju problema kao i pomoć u samootkrivanju. Također, prikazan je način na koji se pomaže osobama da svoje nevolje prevaziđu koristeći likove ili situacije u bajkama. Namjera poređenja knjževnoteorijskih pravaca i psihoterapije jste staviti akcenat na važnost saradnje različitih disciplina u pristupu temi – analizi i korisnosti bajki na osnovu različitih književnoteorijskih pristupa, pri čemu su posebno naglašeni terapijski učinci postignuti ovakvim čitanjem. Art terapija je vid rada sa djecom i maloljetnicima koji su u sukobu sa zakonnom. Art terapija kao prevencija, kao intervencija u toku primjene ili izvršenja neke alternativne mjere, alternativne sankcije ili krivične sankcije institucionalnog karaktera. Nošena idejom primjene programa restorativne pravde veliki je broj terapijskih programa koji su na mala ili velika vrata ušli u rad sa djecom i maloljetnicima koji su na određeni način u sukobu sa zakonom. Jedna od njih je i biblioterapija čije „vrijeme tek dolazi“ jer se njena promocija i primjena očekuje. Savremene metode koje koriste bajku u terapijske svrhe otvaraju nove aspekte terapijskog učinka čitanja/slušanja. U tim aspektima bitno je razumjeti znanja iz teorije i prakse psihoterapije kao i književnih teorija i pogledati šta se dešava u psihoterapijskom procesu između klijenata i sadržaja koji nudi bajka, odnosno slušalaca i teksta u procesu čitanja/slušanja. Isto kao što su književne vrste u terapijskoj praksi zanemarene od domaće stručne populacije, susret između prakse čitanja/slušanja i prakse psihoterapije zanemaren je unutar nacionalnih aspekata društvenih i humanističkih znanosti. I upravo taj prostor nedovoljno prepoznatog i neistraženog spoja, ovome radu otvara recepcijske i interpretacijske mogućnosti za moguće i stvarne plodonosne učinke njihovog susreta.

Rad se bavi nekim pitanjima reforme sistema zaštite žrtava krivičnih djela i posebno žrtava nasilja u porodici u Bosni i Hercegovini, i to u kontekstu dosljedne implementacije kako Istanbulske konvencije, tako i Preporuke Evropske unije u vezi sa minimumom zaštite, podrške i pomoći žrtvama krivičnih djela iz 2012. godine (PUP, 2012). Polazna osnova su istraživanja koja su utvrdila da je žrtvama nasilja u porodici u Bosni i Hercegovini uskraćen pristup pravosuđu. Naime, poslije podnošenja prijave o nasilju u porodici, policija može ali nije obavezna da o tome obavijesti tužioca - sve dok ne prikupi dovoljno dokaza i ne procijeni da je riječ o krivičnom djelu. Sekundarna viktimizacija žrtava nasilja u porodici u Bosni i Hercegovini vrši se i kroz pogrešno klasifikovanje nasilja u porodici kao prekršajnog, a ne krivičnog djela, ali i kroz neprovođenje krivične istrage u skladu sa zakonom. Marginalizacija žrtava nasilja u porodici vrši se i kroz blago kažnjavanje nasilnika, te i kroz uskraćivanje prava žrtve na restituciju. Žrtva nasilja u porodici ima pravo da bude zbrinuta u sigurnu kuću radi osiguranja fizičke zaštite i ostvarivanja svojih prava i interesa što može da predstavlja njihovu ponovnu sekundarnu viktimizacija. S tim u vezi, žrtva nije prekršila zakon, već nasilnik koji treba biti „udaljen iz porodične kuće“ jer je ugrozio sigurnost ili psihofizički integritet članova svoje porodice. Zato bi nasilniku trebalo izreći i mjeru zabrane približavanja žrtvi, i to sve do izricanja presude, ali i mjere psihosocijalnog tretmana, te, zavisno od okolnosti slučaja, liječenja od zavisnosti poput alkohola, droga i sl.

Uvod: Novi koronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, prvi put se pojavio u Wuhanu, u prosincu 2019. godine. Bolest koju uzrokuje SARS-CoV-2 naziva se COVID-19. Kako bi se spriječilo daljnje širenje zarazne bolesti potrebno je provoditi preventivne mjere. Kolektivni imunitet ključni je koncept za kontrolu epidemije. Samo dio populacije mora biti imun na zarazne agense, a to se može postići putem prevladavanja postojeće infekcije ili cijepljenjem. Učinkovito cjepivo najsigurniji je način za postizanje kolektivnog imuniteta. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati znanja i stavove studenata Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru o cjepivu protiv COVID-19. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 181 studenata, među kojima je 84% ženskih i 16% muških ispitanika. Ispitanici su bili studenti Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru različitih studijskih smjerova i godina. Anketa je anonimna i ista je provedeno preko Google Forms koji je sastavni dio Google Drive-a (Google Diska). Rezultati: Istraživanjem smo utvrdili da postoji statistički značajna razlika u znanju između studenata preddiplomskog i diplomskog studija. Utvrdili smo da je veći postotak ženskih ispitanica koje prihvaćaju cjepivo protiv COVID-19. Ovim istraživanjem utvrdili smo da studenti diplomskog studija pokazuju pozitivnije stavove o cjepivu u odnosu na studente preddiplomskog studija. Studenti koji odbijaju primiti cjepivo, kao razlog navode nedovoljnu ispitanost istog. Zaključak: Ovim istraživanjem otkrili smo da na stav studenata ne utječe samo razina zdravstvenog znanja, nego i drugi čimbenici. Daljnja istraživanja trebala bi uključivati pitanja o strahu od nuspojava i drugih čimbenika koji utječu na negativan stav studenata o cjepivu protiv COVID-19.

Objective − The aim of this paper was to collect and summarize findings regarding the factors associated with sexting experiences and their correlates, under Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological theory. Methods − We reviewed the literature in the field of sexting to show how numerous factors that have been found to influence sexting behaviour can be included within a social-ecological framework. Electronic literature searches were conducted between May and June 2021 in the following databases: EbscoHOST (PsycINFO, PSychArticles), ERIC, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Conclusion − This model seems to be a good framework for systematizing the results of research in this area, and can be used as a guide for future research on sexting. We encourage researchers to expand or redefine the proposed determinants of sexting in a theoretically more satisfactory way, as well as to explore it empirically. To help youth avoid the negative consequences of engaging in potentially harmful sexting behaviours, the multiple systems that surround young people should work together to provide young people with the skills necessary to make good choices about their sexual behaviours.

Obrazovanje je kontinuirani proces koji traje cijeli život. Ono unapređuje kvalitetu života svakog pojedinca, a garantirano je Ustavom BiH, lokalnim zakonskim aktima, Univerzalnom deklaracijom o ljudskim pravima i drugim međunarodnim dokumentima. Osnovna svrha obrazovanja je samoobrazovanje i kvalitetno ispunjen život. Univerzitet u Sarajevu kontinuirano nastoji stvoriti uvjete za jednak pristup i sudjelovanje u kvalitetnom obrazovanju uvažavajući međunarodne pravne okvire, nacionalne dokumente i zakonske regulative, kojima se osiguravaju osnovna ljudska prava, a među njima i pravo na obrazovanje. Jedan od mehanizama putem kojeg realizira navedeno jeste revitalizacija Ureda za podršku studentima (UPS!). Osnovna djelatnost Ureda je usmjerena na pružanje pomoći i podrške studentima i razvijanje inkluzivne kulture, politike i prakse u prostoru visokoškolskog obrazovanja. Ured za podršku studentima je na raspolaganju svim studentima Univerziteta u Sarajevu, s fokusom na studente s invaliditetom, ali i organizacionim jedinicama i akademskom osoblju. Usluge Ureda definirane su njegovom temeljnom orijentacijom ka stvaranju inkluzivnog okruženja i promoviranju obrazovanja za sve, a ogledaju se u pružanju pomoći i podrške studentima u različitim oblastima. Osnovne usluge su: pomoć pri odabiru studija; podrška unapređenju pristupa obrazovanju; psihološka pomoć; informiranje i obrazovanje studenata; poboljšanje iskustva studiranja studenata s invaliditetom; iznajmljivanje asistivne tehnologije; istraživačke aktivnosti; organizacija i realizacija obuka za akademsko osoblje; organizacija radionica za studente; i mnoge druge usluge. Cilj rada je kompilirati realizirane aktivnosti UPS!-a i opisati njihove efekte na unapređenje života mladih u univerzitetskom okruženju. Rezultati doprinose jasnijem artikuliranju argumenata i zagovaranju navedenih i sličnih aktivnosti, te obavezuju na kontinuirano jačanje univerzitetskih kapaciteta za preventivno djelovanje i unapređenje kvalitete života i obrazovanja mladih.