This study evaluates the applicability of different models of coordinate transformation between local and global geodetic datums. The results indicate the grid-based method as the best solution, assuming a sufficient density of tie points. Transformation based on a limited number of tie points, which do not reflect the real state of the survey basis in a particular area, have limited possibilities to reduce nonuniform and unequally distributed distortions that are usually found in the spatial data. This inevitably leads to the degradation of accuracy of transformation results, which is unacceptable. By using the optimal resolution grid model, which includes geodetic points from the area of the cadastral municipality that is being transformed, much better results are achieved compared to the model of distortion shifts used in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Background and Objectives: This paper aims to show whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity increases the level of systemic inflammation markers regardless of body mass index (BMI) and body composition. Materials and Methods: In total, 128 patients with OSA were included in the study. Examinees were divided into two groups: one with mild OSA (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) < 15) and one with moderate and severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15). Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index, body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Systemic inflammation was assessed on the basis of plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: We found elevated mean values of the evaluated systemic inflammation markers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6) in a group with AHI ≥ 15, although there was no statistical significance. Our research found a significant positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.633, p < 0.001), as well as with body fat percentage (r = 0.450, p = 0.024) and serum CRP values. Significant correlation was found between the plasma IL-6 concentration and body fat percentage (FM%) (r = 0.579, p = 0.003) and lean body mass (r = −0.501, p = 0.013). Multivariate regression analysis did not show any independent predictor (parameters of OSA, nutritional status, body composition) of the systemic inflammation markers. Conclusions: Neither one tested parameter (nutritional status and body composition) of the severity of OSA was identified as an independent prognostic factor for the severity of systemic inflammation in patients with OSA.

SUMMARY Research background Numerous factors affect the ripening of reduced-fat white cheese. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of ripening environment (brine or vacuum plastic bags without brine) on the chemical composition, protein, fatty acid profile and mineral content as well as antioxidant properties of industrially produced reduced-fat white cheese. Experimental approach A low-fat white cheese was manufactured on an industrial scale from milk that remained after the production of kajmak and ripened for 60 days at 4 °C after packaging in a polystyrene container with brine containing 6% salt or in vacuum-sealed polyethylene bags. The influence of ripening environment on proteolysis was monitored by the change of soluble nitrogen fractions as well as by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane-HCl extracts of cheese proteins under non-reducing conditions and water-soluble fractions under reducing conditions. An effect that ripening environment had on fatty acid and mineral content was also monitored. The change of antioxidant potential of the investigated cheese during ripening led to the change of iron(II) chelating ability, reducing power and free-radical scavenging activity. Results and conclusions The ripening environment differently affected proteolysis, fatty acid composition, mineral profile and antioxidant properties of reduced-fat white cheese. White cheese ripened in brine had more intensive proteolytic changes than the cheese ripened in a vacuum, but also more intensive diffusion processes, especially between the 40th and 60th day of ripening. The brine-ripened cheese had higher values of water-soluble nitrogen content, but lower contents of trichloroacetic acid-soluble and phosphotungstic acid-soluble nitrogen than the vacuum-ripened cheese. Cheese ripened in brine had a lower content of almost all investigated macro- and microelements. After 60 days of ripening, in cheese ripened in brine only myristic (C14:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0) were detected, whereas in the vacuum-ripened cheese C10:0-C16:0 fatty acids dominated. Vacuum-ripened reduced-fat cheese had more favourable reducing power, while white brined reduced-fat cheese had better radical scavenging activity and iron(II) chelating activity. Novelty and scientific contribution These results suggest significant influence of ripening conditions (immersion in brine or in vacuum-sealed polyethylene bags) on nutritive and functional properties of reduced-fat white cheese. Ripening in a vacuum has become a useful method for obtaining high-value reduced-fat white cheese.

Abstract In the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), instructional leadership is measured by the self-reports of principals on three items only. When this measure is investigated together with teacher satisfaction with current work environment, no significant associations were found in the Nordic countries participating in the TALIS 2013 round. This paper argues that a potential reason for this might be the severely underrepresented construct of instructional leadership. As an alternative approach, teacher data from the same study are used to establish two important dimensions of instructional leadership at the school level: 1) managing the instructional program and 2) developing the school learning climate. Applying multilevel structural equation modelling (MSEM), we establish two shared cluster constructs at the school level and observe significant modest relationships between these constructs and teacher job satisfaction with current work environment. The paper brings to our attention the different approaches for interpreting, exploring, and making sense of instructional leadership in international large-scale studies, such as TALIS, from the joint perspective of teachers.

Pyrrhalta viburni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a chrysomelid native to Eurasia. It gained importance as an invasive species in North America due to its ability to cause serious damage to native and ornamental Viburnum spp. plants. In our study Pyrrhalta viburni was recorded as a new record in the fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has been recorded on four locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the region of Sarajevo. As it is feeding on Viburnum spp. that are commonly used as ornamental plants, its monitoring in urban and other habitats is suggested.

Cilj istraživanja je usporediti rast provenijencija obične bukve, te utvrditi početak i završetak fenoloških faza listanja provenijencija obične bukve u međunarodnom testu provenijencija u Bosni i Hercegovini. Test obuhvaća osam provenijencija iz Bosne i Hercegovine, četiri iz Njemačke, tri iz Srbije, po dvije iz Hrvatske, Rumunije i Švicarske te jednu iz Mađarske (tablica 1). U proljeće 2017. godine mjerili smo visine i promjere vrata korijena biljaka u međunarodnom testu provenijencija. Također smo promatrali i bilježili pojavu fenoloških faza listanja kroz šest faza (slika 1): A – Spavajući pup; B – Pupovi izduženi, nabubreni, žućkasto-zelenkaste boje; C – Pupovi se počinju otvarati i vidi se prvo zelenilo; D – Počinju se javljati savijeni dlakavi listići; E – Listovi su odmotani, još lepezasti, prisutne blijede liske; F – Listovi su potpuno ­razvijeni, glatki i široki. Prosječna visina za sve provenijencije bila je 164,6 cm (tablica 2), a prosječan promjer vrata korjena 33,4 mm (tablica 5). Najmanju prosječnu visinu (104,2 cm) i promjer (22,6 mm) imala je provenijencija Alba - Iulia iz Rumunije (9664). Najveću prosječnu visinu (197,4 cm) i promjer (40,1 mm) imala je provenijencija Dilj Čaglinski iz Hrvatske (9624). Utvrdili smo razlike između provenijencija u pogledu pojavljivanja fenoloških faza listanja (tablica 8), kao i dužini trajanja faza (tablica 10). Faza B se najranije pojavila 31.3. kod provenijencija Grmeč Jasenica i Dinara iz Bosne i Hercegovine i Cer iz Srbije. Najkasnije se pojavila 8.5. kod provenijencija Herzogenbuchsee iz Švicarske i NS Hasbruch iz Njemačke. Fenofaza F najranije se pojavila 1.5. kod provenijencije Valkonya iz Mađarske. Analiza varijanse pokazala je da postoje statistički značajne razlike između provenijencija, kako u visini (tablica 3) i promjeru vrata korijena (tablica 6) tako i u dužini trajanja fenoloških faza (tablica 10). Biljke u međunarodnom testu provenijencija obične bukve su za vrijeme mjerenja bile stare 12 i 13 godina. Potrebno je vršiti daljnja mjerenja morfoloških svojstava kako bi se utvrdile tendencije rasta pojedinih provenijencija u idućim fazama razvoja. Također je potrebno promatrati fenološke faze kako bi se procijenili utjecaji genetske konstitucije i godišnje klime na fenološka kretanja. Rezultati ovog istraživanja poslužit će za odabir najboljih provenijencija po produktivnosti i otpornosti na kasne proljetne mrazeve.

A company that handles natural resources such as forests is a complex economic entity. In addition to economic performance at annual level, the biological component of sustainable forest management should also be considered. It is therefore extremely important to achieve efficient business performance. Financial analysis is a process of determining important business and financial characteristics of a company from accounting data. It is characterized by a wide use of financial reports and various financial indicators key figures. The paper presents business indicators of the main state-owned forest companies in selected countries of South East Europe (Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and North Macedonia) using the method of comparative analysis based on financial reports (such as balance sheet and income statement). In countries where there are more than one state-owned forest companies, they were selected according to their importance for forest management and business results (share of forests, number of employees, profit and annual felling). The research results show the revenue and expenditure of the selected companies and profitability indicators such as return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA). According to the annual business reports for 2017 and 2018, the company Croatian Forests Ltd. has the highest number of employees (7787 in 2018). The highest ratio ROA (32.17) and ROE (39.82) were achieved in the Slovenian state forestry company in 2017, which was founded in 2016. For 2018, the best results are achieved in the Slovenian Forest Company (SiDG), while the weakest results are achieved in the State Forest Company in North Macedonia. The profit per employee decreased in 2018 for most companies, but most significantly in North Macedonia, where it was four times lower. On the basis of the comparative analysis presented, all companies have a positive cost-benefit ratio, but longterm planning of forest management should follow biological and economic regulations to be competitive on the free market.

Resumo: O leite Tipo C com teor de 3% de gordura vem de rebanhos diferentes e sua ordenha e mecânica ou manual, sendo entregue aos laticinios na temperatura ambiente, podendo ser propicio a um elevado teor de bacterias antes da pasteurizacao, com tudo e um leite com tempo de prateleira muita curta. O objetivo deste trabalho e avaliar as caracteristicas nutricionais do leite integral do tipo C, sendo comercializado no municipio de Vitoria da Conquista-BA, comparando os resultados nutricionais de cada leite tipo C, assim como o seu teor de gordura com 3% de acordo com a legislacao vigente. Foram analisados 5 tipos de leite Integra do tipo C, quanto a quantidade de gordura, carboidrato, valor energetico, sodio, calcio, o colesterol, fibras alimentares, alem dos ingredientes de cada leite integral tipo C.

Background and Objective: Although smoking and the physical activity level (PAL) are important determinants of health status in adolescence, there is a lack of information on the relationship between smoking and PAL in early adolescence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gender-specific relationship between smoking and PAL in 14-to-16-year-old adolescents. Materials and Methods: The sample included 650 adolescents (337 girls, 14.7 ± 0.5 years at first testing wave) from Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the first testing wave, participants were tested using structured questionnaires. Second testing was commenced after approximately 20 months (16.4 ± 0.6 years). The variables were age, gender, socioeconomic status, living environment, cigarette smoking (predictors), and PAL (criterion). Predictors were measured at the first wave, and criterion at the first-wave and second-wave. Results: For girls, smoking was negatively correlated to PAL at the first-wave (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.55–0.95) and at the second-wave (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.71–0.96). No significant association between smoking and PAL was found for boys. Results suggest that adolescent boys and girls do not follow the equal trajectories when it comes to relationships between smoking and PAL. Conclusions: In developing promotional public health actions related to a decrease of smoking and increase of PAL, a gender-specific approach is highly recommended. Further studies analyzing the cause–effect relationship between consumption of other types of psychoactive substances and PAL in this age group are warranted.

The possibility for utilization of waste heat from processes in the food industry is presented in this paper. The need for reuse of waste heat comes from the fact that energy consumption in industrial companies is uneconomical and that environmental pollution has increased. Therefore, one of the method of reuse of waste heat that is applicable in industrial processes is presented in the paper. Potential primary energy savings is presented by implementing the waste heat recovery in the food factory. The paper presents a simplified solution proposal for installation of heat exchangers with the aim of utilizing the waste heat of the refrigerant. The results showed that by the implementation of simple heat recovery significant annual fuel energy savings can be achieved as well as fuel cost savings.

Background Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) can develop lung squamous cell carcinoma (LuSCC), which could be the second primary tumor or HNSCC metastasis. Morphologically it is difficult to distinguish metastatic HNSCC from a second primary tumor which presents a significant diagnostic challenge. Differentiation of those two malignancies is important because the recommended treatments for metastatic HNSCC and primary LuSCC differ significantly. We investigated if the quantification of the promotor methylation status in HNSCC and LuSCC differs. Methods Primary HNSCC ( N  = 36) and LuSCC ( N  = 17) were included in this study. Methylation status in the ASC/TMS1/PYCARD (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain; 8 CpG sites) and MyD88 (Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88; 10 CpG sites) promoters was analyzed. Bisulfite converted DNA, isolated from tumor tissue was quantified using pyrosequencing. Results of pyrosequencing analysis were expressed as a percentage for each tested CpG site. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for the evaluation of the diagnostic properties of selected biomarkers. Results CpG sites located in the promoters of ASC/TMS1/PYCARD_CpG8 (− 65 upstream) and MyD88_CpG4 (− 278 upstream) are significantly hypermethylated in the HNSCC when compared with LuSCC ( p  ≤ 0.0001). By performing ROC curve analysis we showed that corresponding areas under the curve (AUC) were 85–95%, indicating that selected CpG sites are useful for a distinction between primary LuSCC and primary HNSCC. Conclusions Results of the present study indicate that there is a significant difference in the methylation status of tested genes between primary HNSCC and LuSCC. However, to prove this approach as a useful tool for distinguishing second primary LuSCC from HNSCC metastasis, it would be necessary to include a larger number of samples, and most importantly, metastatic samples.