In accordance with the advancement in robotics and the scholarly literature, the extents of utilizing robots for autistic children are widened and could be a promising method for individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) treatments, where the different form of robot (humanoid, non-humanoid, animal-like, toy, and kits) can be employed effectively as a support tool to augment the learning skills and rehabilitate of the individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Thus, the robots were exploited for ASD children in different aspects namely; modelling, teaching, and skills practicing; testing, highlighting and evaluating; providing feedback or encouragement; join Attention; eliciting social behaviours; emotion recognition and expression; imitation; vocalization; turn-taking; and diagnostic. The related literature published recently in journals and conferences is taken into account. In this paper, we review the use of robots that help in the therapy of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The articles on using robots for autistic children rehabilitation and education which reported results of experiments on a number of participants were implicated. After looking in digital libraries under this criteria, and excluding non-related, and duplicated studies, 39 studies have been found. The findings were focused mainly on the social communication skills of autistic children and how the extent of the robots mitigate their stereotyped behaviours. Deeper research is required in this area to cover all applications of robotic on autistic children in order to design feasible and low-cost robots that ensure provide high validity.
Drawing upon Fischbein's theory of figural concepts, the starting point of the paper is the use and value of the history of geometry in mathematics education - first point that we make historical reference are theorems of Eudemus of Rhodes and Thales of Miletus and the second one is elaboration of these theorems in work of Serbian mathematicians Mihailo Petrovic Alas. Fischbein's theory is mainly based on a hypothesis that geometry deals with mental entities, the so-called geometric figures, which simultaneously possess conceptual and figural properties. Fischbein called the geometric figures figural concepts because of their nature. We have analyzed the internal tensions of the concepts of angle and cube, which may appear in figural concepts because of their double nature, developmental aspects and didactical implications. The goal of the research was to examine the pre-service primary school teachers' geometric reasoning regarding the correlation between figural (pictoral) and conceptual properties of geometric objects (angle and cube) in order to obtain a framework for creating didactic situations that reduce the gap between figure and concept. The results of this study show that the figural (pictoral) structure of an angle (and cube) dominates in the geometric reasoning of the pre-service primary school teachers over its formal conceptual constraints. There were some differences in situations when an image is helpful in solving tasks involving the concepts of the net of the cube and the cube itself.
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