Tekija (tekke, khanqah) is an Islamic institution where dervishes (Sufis) gather, reside, and perform religious rites. The word tekke is of Persian origin. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, tekkes appeared with the advent of Islam in the 15th century. However, some were built before the arrival of the Ottomans, such as the Mevlevi tekke in Bentbaša built by Isa-beg Ishaković in 1461 in Sarajevo. Tekkes were usually the first buildings that were constructed and located at the entrance of the city. Usually, they were built by dervishes, most often sheiks. Besides religious purposes, they also served as resting places or lodgings for casual travelers. There are numerous tekkes throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina from west to east, from north to south. Some of the most famous tekkes in Bosnia and Herzegovina are the tekke at the Buna spring in Blagaj, the Hadži Sinan’s tekke, Nadmlini tekke in Sarajevo, tekke in Kaćuni, tekke in Jajce, tekke in Živčići, and others. Among these, one of the most distinguished tekke in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the one at the Buna spring in the city of Blagaj. The paper aims to elaborate on the most important characteristics and main features of this tekke and other structures within this complex.

Necrotizing stomatitis is a rare, acute-onset disease that is usually associated with severely malnourished children or diminished systemic resistance. We describe a 1-year-old girl who developed necrotizing stomatitis, vasculitic rash, skin desquamation on the fingers and toes, and persistent hypertension after serologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Her laboratory investigations revealed positive IgG anticardiolipin and IgG anti-β2 glycoprotein antibodies, and biopsy of the mucosa of the lower jaw showed necrosis and endothelial damage with mural thrombi. Swollen endothelial cells of small veins in the upper dermis were confirmed also by electron microscopy. As illustrated by our case, necrotizing stomatitis may develop as a rare complication associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be considered as a part of the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 vasculopathy. The pathogenic mechanism could involve a consequence of inflammatory events with vasculopathy, hypercoagulability, and damage of endothelial cells as a response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

With the COVID-19 outbreak at the beginning of 2020, many language teachers worldwide who were successfully implementing face-to-face teaching had to abruptly switch to online education, which was not something they were trained for or had experience with. Were they successful? The present study asked students from Turkey (TUR), Poland (POL), the Republic of North Macedonia (RNM), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) to evaluate their teachers’ professional adaptation and success during the first emergency online teaching semester. The results of the study showed that there were important similarities in the ways students in the examined four countries approached and evaluated the level of professionalism of their teachers in the first COVID-19 period regarding their teachers’ computer literacy, online teaching skills, creation of materials appropriate for online teaching.

Irreversible arrest of brain functions including the brain stem is defined as Brain Death (BD). A bibliographic search was carried out on platforms PUBMED, LILACS, UpToDate, during the period 2017 – 2021. We have included 9 articles, from which only 45% used the graphic examination (EEG) as an aid to the assessment of brain death. Only one single article discussed quantitative results, and none of the papers discussed noise issues. The findings were classified according to a Scale of Scientific Evidence by Type of Study "Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine", pointing out a few number of meta-analysis articles and integrative reviews, thus prevailing study control and case series, demonstrating the need for further studies on this subject. Consequently, the lack of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the BD diagnosis protocol involving the EEG is clear.

Large intelligent surface-based transceivers (LISBTs), in which a spatially continuous surface is being used for signal transmission and reception, have emerged as a promising solution for improving the coverage and data rate of wireless communication systems. To realize these objectives, the acquisition of accurate channel state information (CSI) in LISBT-assisted wireless communication systems is crucial. In this paper, we propose a channel estimation scheme based on a parametric physical channel model for line-of-sight dominated communication in millimeter and terahertz wave bands. The proposed estimation scheme requires only five pilot signals to perfectly estimate the channel parameters assuming there is no noise at the receiver. In the presence of noise, we propose an iterative estimation algorithm that decreases the channel estimation error due to noise. The training overhead and computational cost of the proposed scheme do not scale with the number of antennas. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed estimation scheme significantly outperforms other benchmark schemes.

Background Despite ACL re-ruptures being common, research on patient experiences after knee trauma has primarily focused on the time after primary ACL reconstruction. Integrating qualitative research and patient experiences can facilitate researchers and clinicians in understanding the burden of an ACL re-rupture. The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of an ACL re-rupture journey in young active females aiming to return to knee-strenuous sports after primary ACL reconstruction. Method A two-stage partially mixed sequential dominant status design was used. Fifteen young (19.1[range 16-23] years old) female who suffered an ACL re-rupture were interviewed. Qualitative content analysis using deductive approach based on Wiese-Bjornstal’s ‘integrated model of psychological response to injury’ was used. Results The results are presented in two timelines 1) from first ACL injury to ACL re-rupture, and 2) from ACL re-rupture to present day, and further stratified according to the domains of the ‘integrated model of psychological response to injury’. Results in the first timeline are summarised into seven categories: Finding hope for the journey; Accepting my ACL injury; I succeeded; What matters now? Who am I?; Where will this end? What is going to happen? In the second timeline, eight categories were identified: Fighting spirit; A helping hand; Working hard; I am a new me; I am destroyed; Loneliness; Painful changes; and, I could have made it to the pro´s. Conclusion Young females who suffered an ACL re-rupture did not express any positive experience following their first ACL injury, however, in contrast, expressed positive experiences and personal growth after going through the ACL re-rupture journey, characterized by a lot of struggling, and ultimately lead to the experience of becoming a new, stronger person.

During long periods with no precipitation, a sulfidic spring (Smrdljivec) appears in the dry bed of the Reka River before sinking into the karst underground. The study characterizes the area’s geological setting, development of microbial communities and an ecotone, and impact on the vulnerable karst ecosystem. Geological mapping of the area, stable isotopic analyses, field measurements, and physico-chemical and toxicity analyses were applied to elucidate the environmental conditions. The spring’s microbial diversity was assessed using cultivation methods, microscopy, and metagenomics. Sulfur compounds in the spring probably originate from coal layers in the vicinity. Metagenomic analyses revealed 175 distinct operational taxonomic units in spring water and biofilms. Proteobacteria predominated in developed biofilms, and a “core” microbiome was represented by methylotrophs, including Methylobacter, Methylomonas, and Methylotenera. Diatoms represented an important component of biofilm biomass. A combination of environmental factors and climatic conditions allows the formation and accessibility of emerging biodiversity hotspots and ecotones. Details of their dynamic nature, global impact, and distribution should be highlighted further and given more protection.

Abstract The name Thymushumifususvar.aureopunctatus, described from Bosnia and Herzegovina, is lectotypified, and its taxonomic value is discussed. Thymusrichardiisubsp.richardii is currently considered an endemic subspecies common to Mallorca (Balearic Islands) and Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Balkan Peninsula. Specimens identified as Th.richardii from both Balearic Islands and Bosnia and Herzegovina were studied to determine if they are indeed the same taxonomic entity. Detailed micromorphological observations and morphometric analysis, suggest that the Balkan plants (Th.humifususvar.aureopunctatus) and the Majorcan populations (Th.richardiisubsp.richardii) are clearly separate entities. For the former name, based on morphological, phytochemical, biogeographical and present results, we propose the subspecific rank, as Th.richardiisubsp.aureopunctatuscomb. & stat. nov. Full descriptions of all five subspecies currently accepted within Th.richardii are provided.

Now that the pandemic has entered the second phase, in which countries are adapting to the crisis, governments need to determine incentives that will contribute to the sustainability of the health system and human health. Regarding this, human resources are a significant factor, which affects the sustainability of any system, and it is important to establish a relevant motivation system that will withstand the challenges that society will face in the coming period. The aim of this paper is to analyse three dimensions of state incentives (employment program, COVID-19 bonus, training opportunities) and to examine their influence on healthcare workers’ motivation and the sustainability of the health system in the Republic of Serbia. The empirical research was conducted on a sample of 207 respondents employed in the tertiary level of healthcare. Data analysis included exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM). The research results confirmed the existence of all three incentives and indicated that state incentive “training opportunities” has the strongest effect on the motivation of health workers and the sustainability of the healthcare system.

The author of this article explores the question, what is human trafficking. In order to answer this question, definitions of human trafficking are examined, as well as the causes, types of trafficking, recruitment strategies, and the significant problems in conquering human trafficking internationally. Trafficking in human beings affects all regions and most countries of the world. According to official data, Bosnia and Herzegovina is a transit country, but certain reports indicate that it is becoming a country of origin and destination. In order to exemplify the issue of human trafficking on the concrete case study, there is further exploration of how the law of Bosnia and Herzegovina defines it, and how approachs to this problem. Taking into account the increase of human trafficking in the world, especially among countries in transition, it is extremely important to find effective solutions for the prevention of such cross-border criminal activity.

In this paper we present details of a virtual tour and game for VR headset that are designed to investigate an interactive and engaging approach of applying VR to student recruitment for an undergraduate course. The VR tour employs a floating menu to navigate through a set of 360° panoramic photographs of the teaching environment and uses hotspot interaction to display further information about the course. The VR game is a fast-paced shooting game. The course information is embedded on cubes that the player needs to focus on and destroy. The game experience is expected to generate an engaging way to promote the course. This work in progress outlines the concept and development of the prototype, and discusses the next stages of testing in order to evaluate the effectiveness of applying VR to undergraduate student recruitment.