Although the inclusion of individuals with lived experience is encouraged within the research process, there remains inconsistent direct involvement in many mental health fields. Within the eating disorders field specifically, there is a very strong and increasing presence of lived experience advocacy. However, due to a number of potential challenges, research undertaken in consultation or in collaboration with individuals with lived experience of an eating disorder is scarce. This paper describes the significant benefits of the inclusion of individuals with lived experience in research. The specific challenges and barriers faced in eating disorders research are also outlined. It is concluded that in addition to existing guidelines on working with lived experience collaborators in mental health research, more specific procedures are required when working with those with eating disorders.

There is a pressing need to characterise the nature, extent and duration of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients, to inform risk-reduction strategies and preserve cancer outcomes. CAPTURE is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of cancer patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) integrating immune profiles and clinical annotation. We evaluated 529 blood samples and 1051 oronasopharyngeal swabs from 144 cancer patients and 73 HCWs and correlated with >200 clinical variables. In patients with solid cancers and HCWs, S1-reactive and neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detectable five months post-infection. In these participants, SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were detected. CD4+ T-cell response correlated with S1 antibody levels. Patients with haematological malignancies had impaired but partially compensated immune responses, depending on malignancy and therapy. Overall, cancer stage, disease status, and therapies did not correlate with immune responses. These findings have implications for understanding individual risks and potential effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in this population. Citation Format: Lewis Au, Annika Fendler, Laura Amanda Boos, Fiona Byrnes, Scott Shepherd, Emma Nicholson, Scaheen Kumar, Nadia Yousaf, Katalin Wilkinson, Anthony Swerdlow, Ruth Harvey, George Kassiotis, Robert Wilkinson, James Larkin, Samra Turajlic. Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients: The CAPTURE study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2021 Feb 3-5. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(6_Suppl):Abstract nr S03-02.

Deep learning (DL) is an efficient method for botnet attack detection. However, the volume of network traffic data and memory space required is usually large. It is, therefore, almost impossible to implement the DL method in memory-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. In this article, we reduce the feature dimensionality of large-scale IoT network traffic data using the encoding phase of long short-term memory autoencoder (LAE). In order to classify network traffic samples correctly, we analyze the long-term inter-related changes in the low-dimensional feature set produced by LAE using deep bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM). Extensive experiments are performed with the BoT-IoT data set to validate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid DL method. Results show that LAE significantly reduced the memory space required for large-scale network traffic data storage by 91.89%, and it outperformed state-of-the-art feature dimensionality reduction methods by 18.92–27.03%. Despite the significant reduction in feature size, the deep BLSTM model demonstrates robustness against model underfitting and overfitting. It also achieves good generalisation ability in binary and multiclass classification scenarios.

Acetone is a metabolic byproduct found in the exhaled breath and can be measured to monitor the metabolic degree of ketosis. In this state, the body uses free fatty acids as its main source of fuel because there is limited access to glucose. Monitoring ketosis is important for type I diabetes patients to prevent ketoacidosis, a potentially fatal condition, and individuals adjusting to a low-carbohydrate diet. Here, we demonstrate that a chemiresistor fabricated from oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with titanium dioxide (SWCNT@TiO2) can be used to detect acetone in dried breath samples. Initially, due to the high cross sensitivity of the acetone sensor to water vapor, the acetone sensor was unable to detect acetone in humid gas samples. To resolve this cross-sensitivity issue, a dehumidifier was designed and fabricated to dehydrate the breath samples. Sensor response to the acetone in dried breath samples from three volunteers was shown to be linearly correlated with the two other ketone bodies, acetoacetic acid in urine and β-hydroxybutyric acid in the blood. The breath sampling and analysis methodology had a calculated acetone detection limit of 1.6 ppm and capable of detecting up to at least 100 ppm of acetone, which is the dynamic range of breath acetone for someone with ketosis. Finally, the application of the sensor as a breath acetone detector was studied by incorporating the sensor into a handheld prototype breathalyzer.

Background: Declining humoral immunity in COVID-19 patients and possibility of reinfections has raised concern. Mucosal immunity particularly salivary antibodies could be short-lived. However, long-term studies are sparse. Methods: Using a multiplex bead-based array platform, we investigated antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in 256 saliva samples from convalescent patients 1-9 months after symptomatic COVID-19 (n=74, Cohort 1), undiagnosed individuals with self-reported questionnaires (n=147, Cohort 2), and individuals sampled pre-pandemic time (n= 35, Cohort 3). Results: Salivary IgG antibody responses in Cohort 1 (mainly mild COVID-19) were detectable up to 9 month recovery, with high correlations between spike and nucleocapsid specificity. At 9 months, IgG remained in saliva in majority as seen in blood serology. Salivary IgA was rarely detected at this timepoint. In Cohort 2, salivary IgG and IgA responses were significantly associated with recent history of COVID-19 like symptoms. Salivary IgG also tolerated temperature and detergent pre-treatments. Conclusions: Unlike SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgA that appeared short-lived, the specific IgG in saliva appears stable even after mild COVID-19 as noted for blood serology. The non-invasive saliva-based SARS-Cov-2 antibody testing with self-collection at homes may thus serve as a complementary alternative to conventional blood serology.

Abstract This paper deals with the first analysis of the neutron and gamma time series measured with organic scintillators from plutonium samples by using information measures. Fast neutron detection with organic scintillators has been widely used for various nuclear safeguards applications and homeland security. One of the significant attributes of special nuclear materials (SNM) is the high multiplicity events in a short period of time. The time distributions of neutron and gamma-rays events for the plutonium metal plates designed as fuel plates for the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Zero Power were measured with the Fast Neutron Multiplicity Counter (FNMC) consisting of 8 EJ-309 liquid scintillators and 8 stilbene detectors. Since the neutron correlated counts within the coincidence window of 40 ns are related to 240Pu effective mass of plutonium metal plates, it is of interest to investigate the randomness of the measured neutron and gamma-rays events. To access such information, we resort to complexity measures in the hope of being able to connect complexity values with the reliability of detection. That was done through (i) application of Kolmogorov complexity (KC) and its derivatives [Kolmogorov spectrum and its highest value (KCM) and running complexity (RKC)] and (ii) establishing the “breaking point” after which there exists a sharp drop in the running Kolmogorov complexity of the neutron and gamma-rays time series. It was found that the complexity of all the time series detected from the sample with 5, 9, 11, 13, and 15 plutonium plates had the high almost identical values of KC while the sample with 3 plates had by one-third smaller KC values than all the others. These calculations were supplemented by the Lypaunov exponents for a time series and the NIST tests. The low KC values can be addressed to the different sources of uncertainties in measuring procedure with the sample consisting of three plates. The complexity measures applied in this study are capable of revealing aspects of information that would otherwise remain hidden to the one-off complexity estimate.

Abstract IEEE 802.11ah, marketed as Wi-Fi HaLow, is a new sub-1GHz Wi-Fi technology for the Internet of Things (IoT), aiming to address the major challenge of the IoT: providing connectivity among a large number of power-constrained stations deployed over a wide area. In order to achieve this goal, several novel features are introduced in IEEE 802.11ah in both the Physical Layer (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. These features have been extensively studied from various perspectives in the past years. To provide readers with an insight into these novel features, this article provides an overview of the IEEE 802.11ah technology and conducts a comprehensive summary and analysis on the related research, revealing how to utilize these novel features to satisfy the demanding IoT performance criteria. Furthermore, the remaining issues that need to be addressed to fully realize the vision of large-scale and low power Wi-Fi networks for the IoT are discussed.

Regional integration into the Gulf Cooperation Council has enabled respective countries to effectively participate in global supply chains. To ensure effective integration of this region into global supply chains, logistics operations are a very important determinant. The aim of this study was to assess logistical performances of GCC countries, and to identify which country has the best conditions for establishing a regional logistic center. For this study, we used relevant data from Logistics Performance Index (LPI) developed by the World Bank. The research was conducted using a hybrid multicriteria approach based on the CRITIC and MABAC methods. The findings of this study indicate that the United Arab Emirates has the best conditions for establishing a regional logistics center. This study also releveled the areas of logistics in which other GCC countries should make an improvement to improve their logistical performance.

Since glaucoma is a serious health problem, numerous therapeutics are being developed to reduce Intraocular Pressure (IOP) as the only modifiable factor of all glaucoma symptoms. IOP-lowering agents are divided into six groups, each of which has a specific mechanism of action and side effects, which are the focus of this article and are explained in detail. All the mentioned agents are formulated as eye drops. However, as conventional topical eye drops have significant disadvantages, of which poor bioavailability and patient noncompliance are the main, novel approaches to designing their drug delivery systems were used and briefly presented in this review. Review Article Rahić et al.; OR, 14(2): 17-33, 2021; Article no.OR.66197 18 Graphical Abstract

This article presents an overview of future truly personal communications, ranging from networking inside the human body to the exchange of data with external wireless devices in the surrounding environment. At the nano- and micro-scales, communications can be realized with the aid of molecular mechanisms, Förster resonance energy transfer phenomenon, electromagnetic or ultrasound waves. At a larger scale, in the domain of Body Area Networks, a wide range of communication mechanisms is available, including smart-textiles, inductive- and body-couplings, ultrasounds, optical and wireless radio transmissions, a number of mature technologies existing already. The main goal of this article is to identify the potential mechanisms that can be exploited to provide interfaces in between nano- and micro-scale systems and Body Area Networks. These interfaces have to bridge the existing gap between the two worlds, in order to allow for truly personal communication systems to become a reality. The extraordinary applications of such systems are also discussed, as they are strong drivers of the research in this area.

Objective The depth of invasion (DOI) is considered an independent risk factor for occult lymph node metastasis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). It is used to decide whether an elective neck dissection (END) is indicated in the case of a clinically negative neck for early stage carcinoma (pT1/pT2). However, there is no consensus on the cut-off value of the DOI for performing an END. The aim of this study was to determine a cut-off value for clinical decision making on END, by assessing the association of the DOI and the risk of occult lymph node metastasis in early OCSCC. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Patients surgically treated for pT1/pT2 OCSCC between 2006 and 2012 were included. For all cases, the DOI was measured according to the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer guideline. Patient characteristics, tumor characteristics (pTN, differentiation grade, perineural invasion, and lymphovascular invasion), treatment modality (END or watchful waiting), and 5-year follow-up (local recurrence, regional recurrence, and distant metastasis) were obtained from patient files. Results A total of 222 patients were included, 117 pT1 and 105 pT2. Occult lymph node metastasis was found in 39 of the 166 patients who received END. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed DOI to be a significant predictor for occult lymph node metastasis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.3 per mm DOI; 95% CI: 1.1–1.5, p = 0.001). At a DOI of 4.3 mm the risk of occult lymph node metastasis was >20% (all subsites combined). Conclusion The DOI is a significant predictor for occult lymph node metastasis in early stage oral carcinoma. A NPV of 81% was found at a DOI cut-off value of 4 mm. Therefore, an END should be performed if the DOI is >4 mm.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women around the world. Most breast cancer-related deaths are a result of complications from the metastatic spread. Several recent studies reported that high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are co-presented in different types of human carcinomas including breast; however, the cooperative effects between high-risk HPVs and EBV oncoproteins in human breast cancer have not been investigated yet. Thus, we herein explored the cooperation outcome between E6/E7 and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) oncoproteins of high-risk HPV type 16 and EBV, respectively, in two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. Our data revealed that the cooperation of E6/E7 and LMP1 oncoproteins stimulates cell proliferation and deregulates cell cycle progression of human breast cancer and normal mammary cells; in parallel, we noted that E6/E7/LMP1 incite colony formation of both breast cancer cell lines but not normal cells. More significantly, our results point out that the co-expression of E6/E7 and LMP1 oncoproteins enhances cell motility and invasion of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines; this is accompanied by deregulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition biomarkers including E-cadherin, β-catenin, fascin, and vimentin. The molecular pathway analysis of HPV and EBV oncoproteins cooperation shows that it can enhance the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk1/Erk2) in addition to β-catenin, which could be behind the effect of this cooperation in our cell models. The study clearly suggests that high-risk HPV and EBV coinfection can play an important role in breast cancer progression via Erk1/Erk2 and β-catenin signaling pathways.