To date, the prevalence of CHD worldwide is ∼9 per 1000 newborns, with substantial geographic variation. The latest knowledge in the world for the last 50 years about their origin, diagnosis and therapy has contributed to their care. Since adult patients with CHD now present increasing numbers at advanced ages, including the elderly, the term grown-up CHD no longer appears appropriate and was therefore replaced with adult CHD (ACHD) according to the ESC guidelines published in 2020 year. Due to medical, surgical, and technological evolutions over the past decades, >90% of individuals who are born with CHD now survive into adulthood. ACHD represent a challenge for clinicians. Despite optimal medical and surgical treatment, many will experience a progressive decline in cardiopulmonary function leading to advanced heart failure. Severe ventricular dysfunction and/or pulmonary hypertension may not be amenable to corrective repair. Their early recognition and follow-up in adolescence will contribute to better care for these patients. Importantly, the care for ACHD patients is a lifelong process and requires advance care planning strategies.

The authors present the life and work of prof. dr. Radoslav Živić - Rade who will be remembered as an exceptional pediatrician, professor of lofty pride and morals and a writer who occupies a special place in the contemporary Serbian narrative milieu in which it is difficult to find a prose writer and sensitivity to the meaning of words and the ability to visualize and fruitful grafting in the literary art of Serbia.

Radiological examination methods in the diagnosis of kidney disease, thanks to their objectivity and their capabilities, have taken their place in the diagnosis of urosystems and kidney disease. Radiological methods of examination in the diagnosis of the kidney are numerous and diverse. They are sovereign, dominant and unrivaled. However, the dangers that lurk and threaten in their application, especially ionization and complications from iodine contrast agents, indicate and say that they should be used in strict indications, with well-educated staff and with full protection measures. The aim of this paper is to show and point out the number, variety, advantages and disadvantages of radiological methods of examination in kidney diagnostics. The material and method of work is the experience gained in the profession based on urographic examinations and other radiological methods of examination of the urogenital system, primarily in 18,000 IVUs performed in the period 1994-2021. at the Center for Radiology of the University Medical Center Nis and numerous literal announcements of authors and co-authors written in domestic and foreign journals. The results of the work are shown illustratively, with pictures - nephrocalcinosis, renal cyst, pheochromocytoma, VUR V 0 , kidney tumor, color doppler of the renal artery, a series of native and contrast spiral CT tomograms of the kidney. The development of radiological techniques in recent decades has enriched radiological diagnostics with new diagnostic possibilities. Therefore, we received new radiological images, in which our results are compatible with numerous literal world releases. In conclusion, the authors point out that radiological methods in the diagnosis of kidneys are indispensable and, among other methods of examination, indispensable.

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Abstract – Modern Bosnia and Herzegovina is a state consisting of multiple ethnicities and regions located in the Western Balkan, with a very complex history. The earliest historical findings show that its area was inhabited since the Paleolithic. From that time, this part of Europe, especially the region of the Modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, could be recognized as the crossroad for the different human migration and the meeting point for different cultures, religions and gene pools. Mitochondrial DNA is being used for maternal lineage testing, while the Y chromosome is being used for paternal lineage testing. Therefore, these markers are being referred to as lineage markers. Lineage markers are often used for parental lineage monitoring in population genetics, human genetics, as well as in forensic genetics. The main intention of this paper is to construct a short overview of the Y chromosome studies performed in Bosnia and Herzegovina within the last two decades.