: The aim of this paper is to address the issues dealing with politics and religion in the Middle East, focusing on secularism vs. Islamism; the aftermath of the Arab Spring, and the Shia and Sunni split, as key themes for the purpose. Via analysis of the complexity of the Middle East, the Secular-Islamist Conflict, the Arab Spring and its outcomes, the article explains how the Arab Spring hardened the traditionally fluid relationship between the politics and Islam. It argues that Islam has never actually left the political realm, as there is still political contestation about the role of Islam in public life. The paper then deals with the complexity of the Shia and Sunni relationship and the split between the two, giving the explanation for such occurrences on the three levels – doctrine, legitimacy, and power.

The use of contemporary information technologies is required to increase a country's competitiveness. Cloud computing represents one of the newer solutions in the IT industry, which has been rapidly evolving on a global scale in recent years. In light of this, the competitiveness of countries in the use of cloud computing is examined in this paper. A multi-criteria analysis was used to investigate this, utilizing the standard deviation and the simple additive method. The weight of the applications covered by the Eurostat survey was determined by the standard deviation, and the countries were ranked based on their use of cloud computing in their companies using a simple additive method. The findings revealed that cloud computing is most commonly used by Danish companies, while it is least common in Poland. Furthermore, the findings indicate that Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is ranked eighth in terms of cloud computing use, while the Republic of Serbia is ranked twenty-eighth. This paper concluded that companies should use cloud computing as much as possible to improve competitiveness and reduce business costs while maintaining all of the necessary programmers for good business management.

Morocco has implemented various economic policies during the last decades. If the level of growth and the modernization seems relevant, the social programs were not efficient against poverty. During and now after the pandemic, an acceleration of the reforms seems to be considered by the authorities. This paper will analyze what was done and what the main challenges are for this country.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the association between heart function among obese patients and Type D personality to predict the potential risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Overall, 30 obese patients were evaluated for the DS14 score. Body mass with body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured before and after a 3-month period. Half of the subjects had been instructed to exercise 4-times weakly (walking 5 km/h) for an hour, the other half did not exercise. Additionally, STAX-1, SWLS, and QOLLTI-P questionnaires had been used. All participants had a normal CRP and sedimentation rate at the enrolment and after 3-month follow up. None of the psychological tests (STAX-1, SWLS and QLLTI-P) showed statistical difference in results between June and October. Participants who exercised showed lower HR compared to participants who did not exercise. Obese patients with high DS14 score showed reduced HRV as an additional risk factor for the future cardiovascular and other stress-related diseases. Type D personality was associated with an increased risk of CHD proved by the HRV measures when the individual was not exercising. Thus, individual personality in fact correlates to autonomic regulation of the heart.

Već nekoliko decenija, rak pluća najčešći je uzrok oboljevanja i umiranja od malignih tumora širom svijeta. Kako u svijetu tako i u BiH maligne neoplazme danas su visoko rangirane na listi vodećih uzroka smrti u gdje najveći udio u ukupnom broju čine maligne neoplazme bronha i pluća. Karcinom pluća, histološki gledano može se opisati kao bolest, koja ima mnogo podvrsta, te svaka od njih zahtjeva specifičan oblik terapije. Jedna od najprovjerenijih metoda u liječenju raka pluća je radioterapija. Razvoj informatičkih tehnologija doprinio je napretku medicine kao znanstvene grane, posebno u području radioterapije gdje je tehnološki napredak omogućio poboljšanje preciznosti prilikom zračenja malignih tkiva uz bolju kontrolu okolnog zdravog tkiva. Prilagodba radioterapije respiratornim pokretima oduvijek je bila glavna briga u radioterapiji karcinoma grudnog koša. Pokreti prilikom disanja ne utiču samo na pozicioniranje pacijenta tijekom provođenja terapije, već i na pogreške u procesu planiranja liječenja. Kako bi se riješio ovaj problem i reducirala pojava grešaka, već 1990.–ih godina predlaže se upotreba tehnike respiratornog gatinga. 4D – CT kao opcija je poželjan za procjenu tumorske kretnje i individualiziranje ciljnog volumena i njegovih margina. Dimenzija vremena zajedno sa CT-om čini savršenu 4D tehniku koja minimizira utjecaj respiracijskog kretanja tumora i omogućuje lakše ocrtavanje istog. Korist i rasprostranjenost primjene respiratornog gatinga predstavlja prioritet za poboljšanje kvalitete i rezultata radioterapije. Postizanje lokalne kontrole tumora zahtijeva razumijevanje i uključivanje pokreta tumora u simulaciji, planiranju i isporuci tretmana, što dovodi do višestrukih mogućnosti praćenja kretnji targeta. Tehnike respiratornog gajtinga koriste vanjske uređaje za predviđanje faze ciklusa disanja dok pacijent slobodno diše i omogućava isporuku doze samo u određenim fazama disanja. Isporuka snopa zračenja tehnikom respiratornog gatinga namijenjena je kako bi se ograničila ozračenost tumora koji se kreće tokom disanja, na odabrane dijelove respiratornog ciklusa i na taj način omogućava eskalaciju doze i smanjenje doze na rizične organe. Praćenje respiratornog ciklusa zajedno sa četverodimenzionalnim planiranjem pruža opcije kao što su ozračivanje integrisanog tumorskog volumena uz mogućnost aplikovanja zračenja u trenucima udisaja ili izdisaja. Brojna istraživanja predstavljaju tehniku respiratornog gatinga značajnim izazovom, ali i optimalnom tehnikom za liječenje karcinoma pluća uz znatno smanjenje nuspojava i komplikacija radioterapijskog tretmana.

The suitable characteristics of fly ash from thermal power plants make it a proper adsorbent for removing various pollutants from water and aqueous solutions. Valorization and utilization of fly ash can reduce the use of conventional adsorbents. The paper presents an overview of the possibility of using raw and modified fly ash to remove fluorides from water and aqueous solutions, as well as the influence of different process parameters (sorbent dose, contact time, pH value, temperature, etc.) on the value of adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency of used sorbent. Fly ash can be used as an effective sorbent for the removal of fluoride, both in raw and modified form, with given optimal process parameters. Raw fly ash shows better adsorption properties when performing the experiment in a column, with a higher dose of sorbent and longer contact time, in an acidic environment (pH = 2-3), compared to batch experiments. Various authors have modified fly ash by treatment with certain chemical agents (HCl, Ca (OH)2…) or by synthesis of zeolite based on fly ash. Modification of fly ash improves its adsorption properties, so in slightly acidic conditions (pH = 6), for a relatively short contact time (10-30 min), in batch conditions, significant adsorption efficiency (~ 90%) can be achieved.

The European Union permitted 6 antimicrobial agents that can be used in laying hens. These are colistin, tyrosine, neomycin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and erythromycin. Antimicrobial drugs are used today primarily for the prevention and treatment of diseases in poultry and often (not in the EU) to stimulate growth. Because these drugs are often used irrationally, there are good chances that their residues will be found not only in poultry meat but also in the eggs within a certain period after the termination of treatment. In addition to the administration of authorised VMPs, the residues in eggs can be the result of erroneously applied medicated food, the contamination of the food with some antimicrobial drug in the mixing unit, as well as ?extra-label? use of drugs in poultry. The antimicrobial agents are distributed in the body and deposited in the eggs, mainly in the yolk where they persist longer than in the albumen. Drugs that are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (aminoglycosides, aminocyclitols, polymyxins) cannot be detected in the eggs, while the residues of some antimicrobial drugs can be detected for up to two months (chloramphenicol) after the last treatment. The rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine has manifold significance. When using drugs only when they are really necessary (indicated), in the right dose and route of administration, the potential damage can be reduced and efficiency increased, while the risk of microorganism resistance development would be significantly decreased. All of this becomes more important when these drugs are used in food animals.