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Emnijeta Ahmetović, Senad Bećirović, V. Dubravac

The aim of this study was to examine foreign language classroom anxiety and motivation to speak in English as a foreign language with respect to gender and grade level as well as their effects on students' EFL performance. The research sample comprised 160 (middle and high school) students. Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and the Speaking Motivation Scale were used to collect the data. The results showed that foreign language classroom anxiety and intrinsic motivation were negatively associated with each other, while extrinsic motivation and a motivation were significantly positively associated with foreign language classroom anxiety. Even though there was an insignificant difference between the males’ and females’ motivation to speak English as a foreign language, foreign language classroom anxiety was significantly affected by gender. The outcomes of a one-way MANOVA revealed that grade level had no effect on the combined dependent variables of foreign language classroom anxiety, while it had a significant effect on speaking motivation. Furthermore, the findings indicated that overall intrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation were significant predictors of the students’ EFL achievement, whereas communication apprehension as a foreign language classroom anxiety factor was in a negative association with the students’ EFL achievement. The study provides instructors with guidelines on how to make their classrooms an environment conducive to the development of higher levels of speaking motivation and lower levels of anxiety with the aim of improving their students’ performance.

Mirela Duranovic, D. Georgieva, M. Lenček, Tatjana Novović, M. Kačka

Tanja Maksimović, M. Manojlović, R. Dekić

The high content of nitrates and nitrites in vegetables can have toxic and carcinogenic effects on the human body, and monitoring is necessary in order to apply appropriate protective measures. The aim of the research in this paper was to determine the nitrate content and monitor the activity of nitrate reductase in vegetables (chard, carrots, parsley, cabbage) taken from various stands of the city market in Banja Luka. The average concentration of nitrate in vegetable samples ranged from 1 to 650 mgkg-1, with the highest values obtained in chard and cabbage, and the lowest in parsley root. The nitrate reductase activity was increased in chard, while the lowest was found in parsley root. The nitrate content in the vegetable samples was within the limits prescribed by the World Health Organization so there is no potential danger to human health.

Emina Resić, Zijada Rahimić

The aim of this paper is to identify the basic characteristics of foreign trade of Bosnia and Herzegovina in terms of determining the volume, trends, geographic orientation, production structure and level of concentration of export-import flows in the selected time period, with emphasis on its trade with major partners, such as the EU and CEFTA. A special emphasis has been placed on exports as a driver of growth and development of the domestic economy. In order for the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina to grow, creating jobs and increasing economic welfare of its citizens, it must focus on international trade, particularly the increase in the volume and value of exports. To say that the export is a requirement for survival may sound dramatic, but there can be no doubt that our country needs to improve its trading result. This reflects the importance of foreign trade. The focus of the analysis is placed on the dynamics and structure of the total exchange of B&H in the period from 2004 to 2018. Analysis was done using the appropriate method of dynamic analysis (index methods, average annual growth rate). The main results indicate not so positive trends for international trade of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Savo Stupar, Emir Kurtović, Mirha Bičo Ćar

In the last ten years, three new information technologies have emerged, representing the realization of old (by the time of emergence) theoretical concepts, but new in creativity and innovation, as well as incredible potential for the realization of revolutionary ideas and changes in all areas of human activity, which by one name they call 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0. They are: Big Data Analytics technology, Cloud Computing and Blockchain technology. Each of them individually represents the realization of new paradigms of computer data processing, which could not be practically implemented until the development of information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, Web applications, new operating systems, network technologies, mobile telephony, technologies of advancement of hardware performances, internet of things, etc. The primary aim of this paper is to get acquainted with the characteristics of these technologies and their potentials, their advantages and disadvantages in relation to traditional technologies, identification of areas and ways of their both current and future applications. The ultimate goal is to explain the incredible potential of these technologies, creating the foundation for their combined application in the creation of new Industry 4.0 products, which should result in a synergistic effect.

K. Mandžić, J. Isabegović

The "Ribnica" landfill of the "Vrtlište" surface mine bordered the river Ribnica until during 2017, a landslide was started and the river Ribnica was interrupted, and a water reservoir was formed. After the completion of the tunnel that diverted the river Ribnica, its previously interrupted riverbed in the downstream part is planned for continuation of the disposal of masses from the surface mine "Vrtlište" by making an earth dam. The dam has the role of retaining large waters in case of exceeding the maximum tunnel flow, as well as in cases of monitoring and construction work in the tunnel. The requirement to use landfill material for the construction of the dam poses a significant risk due to the lack of data on its shear strength. This paper presents the results of research on the shear strength of materials in the conditions of dam construction, under optimal moisture conditions and maximum compaction and analyzes the obtained results, which should define the behavior of the tested materials in the conditions of dam construction. The conducted research represents the first phase of the research, which will be followed by research into the shear strength of completely saturated materials, which will determine the behavior of deposited materials in the dam body and the final slopes.

Alma Trnačević, Amer Mujkanovic, Noura Al-Salloum, Amra Sakusic, Emir Trnačević, Emir Jusufovic, Fatima Hukic, Rahima Jahić et al.

Background Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, clinical data from various parts of the world have been reported. Up till now, there has been no clinical data with regards to COVID-19 from Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The aim was to report on the first cohort of patients from B&H and to analyze factors that influence COVID-19 patient’s length of hospitalization (LOH). Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Tuzla University Clinical Center (UKC), B&H. It involved 25 COVID-19 positive patients that needed hospitalisation between March 28th and April 27th 2020. The LOH was measured from the time of admission to discharge. Factors analyzed induced age, BMI, presence of known comorbidities, serum creatinine and O 2 saturation upon admission. Results The mean age was 52.92 ± 19.15 years and BMI 28.80 ± 4.22 . LOH for patients with BMI < 25 was 9 ± SE2.646 days (CI 95% 3.814–14.816) vs 14.182 ± SE .937 (CI 95% 12.346–16.018 p  < 0.05; HR 5.148 CI95% 1.217 to 21.772 p  = 0.026) for ≥25 BMI. The mean LOH of patients with normal levels of O 2  ≥ 95% was 11.667 ± SE1.202 (CI95% 8.261 to 13.739; p  = 0.046), while LOH for patients with < 95% was 14.625 ± SE 1.231 CI95% 12.184 to 16.757 p  = 0.042; HR 3.732 CI95%1.137–12.251 p  = 0.03). Patients without known comorbidities had a mean LOH of 11.700 ± SE1.075 (CI 95% 9.592–13.808), while those with comorbidities had a mean of 14.8 ± 1.303 (CI 95% 12.247–17.353; p  = 0.029) with HR2.552. Conclusion LOH varied among COVID-19 patients and was prolonged when analyzed for BMI ≥25, comorbidities, elevated creatinine, and O2 saturation < 95%. Furthermore, risk factors for COVID-19 patients in B&H do not deviate from those reported in other countries.

F. Markotic, S. Grgić, G. Poropat, A. Fox, D. Nikolova, K. Vukojević, J. Jakobsen, C. Gluud

Objectives This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of antibiotics treatment versus placebo, no intervention, or another antibiotic for people with cholecystitis or cholangitis, or both. Antibiotics for adults with acute cholecystitis or acute cholangitis or both (Protocol) Copyright © 2020 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 1 Cochrane Library Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

S. Kunić, O. Ibrahimagić, Z. Vujković, V. Đajić, D. Smajlović, M. Mirković Hajdukov, E. Becirovic, Amela Kunić et al.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate memory in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Methods Following an examination, 50 patients were diagnosed in accordance with the 2005 proposal of the International League Against Epilepsy and the definition of drug-resistant epilepsy from 2010. The neuropsychological examination used the Wechsler Memory Scale. It assessed seven structural types of memory: general knowledge, orientation, mental control, logical memory, number memory, associative memory, and visual reproduction. The values were compared with 50 subjects without epilepsy. Results Patients with epilepsy had statistically significantly lower values in five of seven structural units of memory. The average value of overall memory efficacy in subjects with epilepsy was 96.5 ± 19.6, while in subjects without epilepsy it was 118 ± 15.6 (p = 0.0002). Memory impairments are greater in those taking polytherapy (p = 0.0429). The overall memory efficiency correlated significantly negatively with seizure frequency (p = 0.0015) and insignificantly negative with the duration of epilepsy (p = 0.1935). Conclusion Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy have lower memory efficiency. Memory impairments are greater in those taking polytherapy, as with those with more frequent seizures. The duration of epilepsy has no significant effect on overall memory performance.

M. Popović, N. Vasić, T. Koren, I. Burić, N. Zivanovic, D. Kulijer, A. Golubović

Abstract Background We have developed a new platform named "Biologer" intended for recording species observations in the field (but also from literature resources and collections). The platform is created as user-friendly, open source, multilingual software that is compatible with Darwin Core standard and accompanied by a simple Android application. It is made from the user’s perspective, allowing everyone to choose how they share the data. Project team members are delegated by involved organisations. The team is responsible for development of the platform, while local Biologer communities are engaged in data collection and verification. New information Biologer has been online and available for use in Serbia since 2018 and was soon adopted in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In total, we have assembled 536 users, who have collected 163,843 species observation records data from the field and digitalised 33,458 literature records. The number of active users and their records is growing daily. Out of the total number of gathered data, 89% has been made open access by the users, 10% is accessible on the scale of 10×10 km and only 1% is closed. In the future, we plan to provide a taxonomic data portal that could be used by local and national initiatives in Eastern Europe, aggregate all data into a single web location, create detailed data overview and enable fluent communication between users.

D. Kim, V. Lekić, B. Ménard, D. Baron, M. Taghizadeh-Popp

Sequencing for seismic structures Structures illuminated by seismic waves at the core-mantle boundary of the Earth are traditionally found by focusing on a specific target area. Kim et al. used an unsupervised manifold learning algorithm called “the Sequencer” to automatically detect anomalies in seismic data (see the Perspective by Miller). Using this technique, they uncovered structures at the core-mantle boundary across the entire Pacific region all at once. They found many structures previously identified, but also a new, ultra-low-velocity zone beneath the Marquesas Islands. Science, this issue p. 1223; see also p. 1183 An unsupervised machine learning algorithm uncovers the structure of the core-mantle boundary region under the Pacific. Scattering of seismic waves can reveal subsurface structures but usually in a piecemeal way focused on specific target areas. We used a manifold learning algorithm called “the Sequencer” to simultaneously analyze thousands of seismograms of waves diffracting along the core-mantle boundary and obtain a panoptic view of scattering across the Pacific region. In nearly half of the diffracting waveforms, we detected seismic waves scattered by three-dimensional structures near the core-mantle boundary. The prevalence of these scattered arrivals shows that the region hosts pervasive lateral heterogeneity. Our analysis revealed loud signals due to a plume root beneath Hawaii and a previously unrecognized ultralow-velocity zone beneath the Marquesas Islands. These observations illustrate how approaches flexible enough to detect robust patterns with little to no user supervision can reveal distinctive insights into the deep Earth.

D. Jokić, S. Lubura, Vladimir Rajs, Milan Z. Bodic, H. Šiljak

In this paper we present two different, software and reconfigurable hardware, open architecture approaches to the PUMA 560 robot controller implementation, fully document them and provide the full design specification, software code and hardware description. Such solutions are necessary in today’s robotics and industry: deprecated old control units render robotic installations useless and allow no upgrades, advancements, or innovation in an inherently innovative ecosystem. For the sake of simplicity, just the first robot axis is considered. The first approach described is a PC solution with data acquisition I/O board (Humusoft MF634). This board is supported with Matlab Real-Time Windows Toolbox for real-time applications and thus whole controller was designed in Matlab environment. The second approach is a robot controller developed on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) board. The complexity of FPGA design can be overcome by using a third party software package, such as self-developed Matlab FPGA Real Time Toolbox. In both cases, parameters of motion controller are calculated by using simulation of the PUMA 560 robot first axis motion. Simulations were conducted in Matlab/Simulink using Robotics Toolbox.

Dijana Grgas, M. Ugrina, Merima Toromanović, J. Ibrahimpašić, Tea Štefanac, T. Dragičević

The biological performance of flocculent sludge in sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of fish canning wastewater was evaluated in terms of organic matter and nutrient removal by gradual increase of salt concentration in the nitritation-denitritation process. Salinity negatively affected the biological system performance in a way that reduced organic and nutrient removal. The removal efficiency of organic matter and nitrogen showed good performance below 20 g NaCl/L, while phosphate accumulating organisms activity was deteriorated and declined during whole experiment. Nitrogen removal occurred as ammonium oxidation with nitrite accumulation. Nitrite reduction was not affected by salt concentration.

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