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Optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) has long been and is still considered the main test tool for characterizing fiber optic links, i.e. identify and localize refractive and reflective events such as breaks, splices and connectors, and measure their insertion/return loss. Specifically, sufficient dynamic range and thus alike signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) enable clear far-end visibility even of long fiber links. Moreover, under such conditions, the highest achievable optical bit-error-rate (BER) floor is to the large extent determined by major reflective events such as the specific trace distortion caused by connectors and splices, each with significant return loss. Realizing this has provided the opportunity window to extend the standard OTDR capabilities list by the appropriate trace postprocessing to predict the BER floor. Accordingly, considering the SNR high, and thereby the inter-symbol interference dominant error generating mechanism, we applied the time-dispersion channel model that determines the BER floor by the rms delay spread of the (fiber) channel power-delay profile. We verified the BER floor prediction in the exemplar practical test situation, by measuring the actual BER on the same fiber link, and found the obtained values well matching the OTDR based predicted ones. Furthermore, when no dominant reflective events are identified on the OTDR trace, it implies very small time dispersion allowing the OFDM symbol cyclic prefix to always prevent inter-symbol interference. This retains the CFO to solely determine the residual BER floor and vice versa, enabling indirect estimation of CFOinduced phase distortion by simple BER testing. With this regard, we abstracted CFO with the AWGN being justified by the Central Limiting Theorem to enable efficient and quite accurate short-term BER (and so CFO phase error) predictions.

In this paper, we analyze an arbitrary heterogeneous cellular network applying stochastic geometry, and propose a modified model for assessing network spectral and energy efficiency. With this regard, we recognize that, in practice, determining Signal-to-Noise-and-Interference Ratio (SINR) as the key performance indicator, requires complex field test equipment, which might not be available or affordable. Therefore, we propose here a simple model that is based on the relatively easy measurable Bit-Error Rate (BER), whose degradation caused by various impairments is considered here as if it was due to the according additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), thus abstracting any specific non-AWGN distortion. The proposed analytical model is verified by ns3 software network simulator, whose test results are found to match the corresponding estimated values. This indicates that both spectral and energy efficiencies of small-cell networks are higher than in larger-cell networks, even more for heterogeneous two-tier networks.

Background: During the plateletpheresis procedure the number of thrombocytes in the donor’s blood significantly decreases, and the levels of the hematocrit, hemoglobin, and leukocyte diminish as well. Influence of the cell separator is one of the factors that affects the levels of HCT, Hgb and WBC. Objective: In this study, the goal was to determine the value difference of HCT, Hgb, WBC, and platelets after the platelet pheresis process between performance on Fenwal AMICUS and on COBE Spectra LRS Methods: The criteria for participation: male in the age range of 25-45. We have formed two groups: group I–180 separation were performed on 60 participants were the values of hematocrits, concentration of hemoglobin and number of leukocytes ware established before and after separation using the single-needle intermitent flow cell separation (SN-IFCS) on the Fenwal AMICUS device. Group II – presented 180 separation that were performed on 60 participants, were the values of hematocrits, concentration of hemoglobin and number of leukocytes ware established before and after separation using double-needle continuous flow cell separation (SN-IFCS) on the COBE Spectra LRS. device. To confirm the statistical differences we have used Student t-test for independent or dependent samples, as well as Mann-Whitney U test as non-parametric alternative. To compare differences between the values of four parameters (P1-P2) from two groups (using two devices–Fenwal AMICUS and Fresenius Com Tec) we have performed the ANOVA variance analyze. The possibility of errors were accepted for α<0,05, and the difference between groups as statistical relevant were accepted for p<0,05. Results Statistically significant lower values were noted for all researched parameters after separation on both devices (Fenwal AMICUS and COBE Spectra LRS). Comparing the parameters of hematocrit, leukocytes and hemoglobin’s, we found a statistical significant difference in the decrease of the parameter’s value after separation, there was a significant decrease change in using COBE Spectra LRS cell separator compared to using Fenwal AMICUS cell separator with the same procedure. For the platelets (Plt) there was no statistical significant difference (p> 0,05-α=0,05), between average level obtained using either Fenwal AMICUS or COBE Spectra LRS. Conclusion: The type of cell separator had the influence on the decrease value of the observed parameters.

This paper investigates the allocation model, the flexibility, and the scalability of fully distributed communication architectures for metering systems in smart grids. Smart metering infrastructure aggregates data from Smart Meters (SMs) and sends the collected data to the fog or the cloud data centres to be stored and analysed. The system needs to be scalable and reliable and to respond to increased demand with minimal cost. The problem is to find the optimal distribution of application data among devices, data centres or clouds. The need for support computing at marginal resources, which can be hosted within the building itself or shared within the construction of the complex, has become important over recent years. The resource allocation model is presented to optimize the cost of the resources in the communications and relevance parts of computing (the data processing cost). The fog helps cloud computing connectivity on the edge network. This paper explains how calculation/analysis can be performed closer to the data collection site to complement the analysis that would be undertaken at the data centre. Results for a range of typical scenarios are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Background: Family medicine is defined as continuous, comprehensive medical care of the patient in the context of the family and the community. Continuous patient care includes prevention, diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic diseases and palliative care. Caring for individuals during different diseases and stages in the life cycle, understanding the role of the family in disease and using community resources makes family medicine unique among medical disciplines. With the development of new technologies, there was a need for changes in the work and introduction of the Health Information System, in all areas of medicine, including family medicine. Objective: The objectives of this study are to analyze CHIS functions in family medicine, analyze CHIS data reports, complaints, and suggestions for improvement, and then, based on the results of these analyses, to offer recommendations for future development of the CHIS family medicine module. Methods: This article represents a qualitative, interpretative case study of the implementation of the CHIS in family medicine in Public Institution Health Centre of Sarajevo Canton conducted by a group of physicians using three primary data sources: medical experts’ analysis of the CHIS content, reports available in the CHIS about the number and type of services, analysis of written medical doctor and nurse complaints, and suggestions for improving the CHIS. Although qualitative data analysis predominated, quantitative data analysis was also employed. Results and Discussion: It is crucial that healthcare professionals who utilize HIS have the opportunity to provide feedback on the system and suggest modifications. The main results show that CHI is widely used in family medicine and that employees in this department provide purposeful suggestions to improve CHI, as well as that a good cooperation between the software company and the user exist. Experts in software should view these suggestions as useful information and adopt them to enhance the system so as to increase customer satisfaction and enhance the quality of health care. Health informatics as a separate scientific discipline began to be effective in academic institutions at the end of the 70’s by the presentation of actual accomplishments in this area in under and postgraduate education at biomedical faculties. The Central Health Information System (CHIS) in Sarajevo Canton was implemented in 2014 but was not fully integrated and was incompletely used at certain levels of health care. Conclusion: Thanks to the agility of the company rapid implementation of new software modules enabled the organizational transformation of the Sarajevo Canton health network.

Purpose: The current study is theoretically grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Social Influence Theory. It attempts to explain how acts of others influence attitudes and behaviors of individuals in the context of the adoption of cloud computing services. Methodology: The present study used the convenience sampling technique to conduct empirical research. Data collection was performed via an online survey. We used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed research model. Results: Our findings suggest that a favorable social norm towards cloud computing services produces a positive and statistically significant effect on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and willingness to use cloud computing services. In terms of mediating the role of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, findings revealed that perceived ease of use mediates the relationship between social norms and willingness to use cloud computing services. Conclusion: The present study advances our understanding of the role of social influence and individual perceptions of technology (i.e., usefulness and ease of use) in the intention to use technology in the cloud computing context.

Under contemporary business conditions, there are numerous models used for the assessment of a company's financial situation and the prediction of the likelihood of its bankruptcy. These models have been mainly developed using the company's financial information. One of them is the Altman Z-score model. The model separates financially successful and stable companies from those having difficulties in business and headed for bankruptcy. This paper explains the importance of prudential information, basic financial statements and financial indicators and presents the research aimed at evaluating the applicability of the revised Altman Z'-score model in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). Based on financial information, the paper analyzes the business activities of 50 large manufacturing companies in FBiH. The revised Z'-score model achieved a relatively good result in assessing the companies with business difficulties as it correctly classified 10 out of 20 companies; the other 10 companies were not incorrectly classified into the companies with the stable business but they were placed in the grey zone. The model proved completely reliable in the classification of all 30 companies with stable businesses. The research results indicate that the revised Altman Z'-score may be used as the predictor of the financial failure of manufacturing companies in FBiH. This model is definitely the tool that may assist while making business decisions. However, due to the specific business environment in FBiH, the model is recommended to be used as an additional rather than the basic indicator for predicting financial failure.

Introduction/Objective Cat bites can seriously harm human health, especially if the bite comes from a stray or feral cat who is not under veterinary supervision. Cat bites are the second most common mammal bites, second only to dog bites, and responsible for ¾ of all bites that result in infection. We are presenting the case of a young woman whose hand had been bitten by a stray or feral cat. The objective of this case study is to stress the importance of timely medical treatment and wound management based on guidelines for treating bites inflicted by stray or feral cats, aiming to prevent possible complications. Case report A 32-year-old woman was admitted and examined in the University of Sarajevo Clinical Centre Emergency Department on the third day after being bitten by a stray or feral cat, by which time all signs of inflammation had already developed at the site of the injury-her right hand. Medical help was provided based on guidelines that included specific wound dressings recommended for animal bites, a prescription of antibiotics, analgesics and an anti-tetanus shot. The patient fully recovered with no complications. Conclusion The specific anatomy of the cat's canines enables them to penetrate deeply into the bitten tissue, which can cause an innoculation of a wide range of microorganisms from the cat's mouth into the patient's bloodstream. This can cause serious inflammatory processes, especially in immunocompromised patients. Adequate medical treatment of injuries resulting from cat bites is necessary as soon as possible, but no later than 48 hours after the incident.

The Lece mine is characterized by the fact that it has gold and silver besides the main valuable components in the flotation concentrates of lead and zinc. Practically since the opening of the mine and flotation, research has been carried out with the aim of obtaining better technological indicators on all four valuable metals (lead, zinc, gold and silver), especially on gold. This paper represents a contribution to that research in order to increase the recovery of gold in flotation concentrates. Gold occurs in ore in several ways (native, with lead and zinc, with pyrite and quartz), which requires a complex technological scheme of gold valorization. Most of the gold is bound to galena and is valorized through lead concentrate. A smaller part of the gold is bound to zinc and is valorized through zinc concentrate. However, about 25% of the gold remains in tailings. Researchers ie. the authors of this paper tried to valorize part of the gold that is lost in the tailings by introducing a third pyrite concentrate with an increased gold content. The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments on the possibility of obtaining pyrite concentrate from the Lece tailings and a proposal for a technological scheme of the process.

Background: A significant number of patients who underwent surgical myocardial revascularization (CABG) have various comorbidities, including left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). Objective: The aim of this paper is to show that patients with preoperative LVDD are at an increased risk of postoperative adverse events and have a worse prognosis compared to patients without LVDD. Methods: The study included 116 patients who underwent myocardial revascularization (CABG) performed at Medical Institute Bayer in Tuzla over a period of 1 year. None of the patients had previously undergone CABG or valvular surgery, or undergone stent implantation (PCI). The presence of LV diastolic dysfunction was detected by echocardiography, and the patients were divided into two groups: with and without LVDD, and further classified into three degrees of LVDD. Results: Of the total number of subjects who underwent surgical revascularization of the myocardium without echocardiographically detected LVDD, 24.1% were patients, and 75.9% were patients with LVDD. In the group with LVDD, the range of days spent in the intensive care unit (ICU) is significantly higher compared to patients without LVDD. Also, patients with LVDD had a significantly higher number of hours of inotropic support, a significantly higher number of cases of tachycardia, predominantly atrial fibrillation (POAF). In this group of patients, a greater number of other adverse events were observed, such as myocardial infarction, cardiac or renal failure, TIA or CVI. Of the total number of patients in the study, 107 patients survived surgical myocardial revascularization and had a satisfactory recovery while 9 (7.8%) survived, all from the group with LVDD. Conclusion: Patients with preoperative diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, especially with III degree of dysfunction, are exposed to a higher postoperative risk of adverse events such as: atrial fibrillation, prolonged stay in the intensive care unit, the need for longer-term support with inotropes, and the fatal outcome was recorded exclusively in patients with LV diastolic dysfunction.

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of humic acid on the growth seedling of two tomato cultivars CeylandoF1 and RallyF1, under greenhouse conditions. Treatment with „Humistar“ was started in the two-leaf stage of the plant. One level of humic acid of 20 ml l-1 was applied to the seedling growing media and each seedling of the species was treated every ten days until transplanting directly into the soil in greenhouse.The higest growth rate: leaf (weight), stem (diameter and weight) and root (weight and lenght) growth were optained in cultivar RallyF1 as compared to the control and leaf, stem and root weight compared to Ceylando F1 cultivar.General, the results showed that humic acid influenced better root development in both examined tomato cultivars.

Cancer-related cognitive dysfunction is an important clinical problem that can interfere with the daily functioning, work productivity, childcare, and other responsibilities of women with a history of breast cancer. Risks of cancer-related cognitive impairment include cancer and cancer treatment, as well as patient-related vulnerabilities. There is no established standard of neuroprotective care or treatment for breast cancer-related cognitive impairment.

Introduction Infective endocarditis is relatively rare in pediatric population, but can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Children with bicuspid aortic valve are at higher risk of developing infective endocarditis as compared to general population. Our objective is to emphasize the importance of rapid diagnosis and proper treatment of infective endocarditis in patients with bicuspid aortic valve with aim to prevent serious adverse events. Case outline We report a case of a 13-year-old girl with newly diagnosed bicuspid aortic valve who developed infective endocarditis with severe complications and underwent cardiac surgery. Recurrent fever and anemia, as well as cardiac murmur were present for six months prior to diagnosing infective endocarditis. During the course of illness, only one of many blood cultures taken was positive for Streptococcus sanguinis. Conclusion Patients with bicuspid aortic valve require careful evaluation for infective endocarditis, especially if recurrent fever associated with anemia is present. Delayed diagnosis of infective endocarditis is associated with serious complications.