Rad se bavi nekim pitanjima reforme sistema zaštite žrtava krivičnih djela i posebno žrtava nasilja u porodici u Bosni i Hercegovini, i to u kontekstu dosljedne implementacije kako Istanbulske konvencije, tako i Preporuke Evropske unije u vezi sa minimumom zaštite, podrške i pomoći žrtvama krivičnih djela iz 2012. godine (PUP, 2012). Polazna osnova su istraživanja koja su utvrdila da je žrtvama nasilja u porodici u Bosni i Hercegovini uskraćen pristup pravosuđu. Naime, poslije podnošenja prijave o nasilju u porodici, policija može ali nije obavezna da o tome obavijesti tužioca - sve dok ne prikupi dovoljno dokaza i ne procijeni da je riječ o krivičnom djelu. Sekundarna viktimizacija žrtava nasilja u porodici u Bosni i Hercegovini vrši se i kroz pogrešno klasifikovanje nasilja u porodici kao prekršajnog, a ne krivičnog djela, ali i kroz neprovođenje krivične istrage u skladu sa zakonom. Marginalizacija žrtava nasilja u porodici vrši se i kroz blago kažnjavanje nasilnika, te i kroz uskraćivanje prava žrtve na restituciju. Žrtva nasilja u porodici ima pravo da bude zbrinuta u sigurnu kuću radi osiguranja fizičke zaštite i ostvarivanja svojih prava i interesa što može da predstavlja njihovu ponovnu sekundarnu viktimizacija. S tim u vezi, žrtva nije prekršila zakon, već nasilnik koji treba biti „udaljen iz porodične kuće“ jer je ugrozio sigurnost ili psihofizički integritet članova svoje porodice. Zato bi nasilniku trebalo izreći i mjeru zabrane približavanja žrtvi, i to sve do izricanja presude, ali i mjere psihosocijalnog tretmana, te, zavisno od okolnosti slučaja, liječenja od zavisnosti poput alkohola, droga i sl.

Objective − The aim of this paper was to collect and summarize findings regarding the factors associated with sexting experiences and their correlates, under Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological theory. Methods − We reviewed the literature in the field of sexting to show how numerous factors that have been found to influence sexting behaviour can be included within a social-ecological framework. Electronic literature searches were conducted between May and June 2021 in the following databases: EbscoHOST (PsycINFO, PSychArticles), ERIC, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Conclusion − This model seems to be a good framework for systematizing the results of research in this area, and can be used as a guide for future research on sexting. We encourage researchers to expand or redefine the proposed determinants of sexting in a theoretically more satisfactory way, as well as to explore it empirically. To help youth avoid the negative consequences of engaging in potentially harmful sexting behaviours, the multiple systems that surround young people should work together to provide young people with the skills necessary to make good choices about their sexual behaviours.

Uvod: Novi koronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, prvi put se pojavio u Wuhanu, u prosincu 2019. godine. Bolest koju uzrokuje SARS-CoV-2 naziva se COVID-19. Kako bi se spriječilo daljnje širenje zarazne bolesti potrebno je provoditi preventivne mjere. Kolektivni imunitet ključni je koncept za kontrolu epidemije. Samo dio populacije mora biti imun na zarazne agense, a to se može postići putem prevladavanja postojeće infekcije ili cijepljenjem. Učinkovito cjepivo najsigurniji je način za postizanje kolektivnog imuniteta. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati znanja i stavove studenata Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru o cjepivu protiv COVID-19. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 181 studenata, među kojima je 84% ženskih i 16% muških ispitanika. Ispitanici su bili studenti Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru različitih studijskih smjerova i godina. Anketa je anonimna i ista je provedeno preko Google Forms koji je sastavni dio Google Drive-a (Google Diska). Rezultati: Istraživanjem smo utvrdili da postoji statistički značajna razlika u znanju između studenata preddiplomskog i diplomskog studija. Utvrdili smo da je veći postotak ženskih ispitanica koje prihvaćaju cjepivo protiv COVID-19. Ovim istraživanjem utvrdili smo da studenti diplomskog studija pokazuju pozitivnije stavove o cjepivu u odnosu na studente preddiplomskog studija. Studenti koji odbijaju primiti cjepivo, kao razlog navode nedovoljnu ispitanost istog. Zaključak: Ovim istraživanjem otkrili smo da na stav studenata ne utječe samo razina zdravstvenog znanja, nego i drugi čimbenici. Daljnja istraživanja trebala bi uključivati pitanja o strahu od nuspojava i drugih čimbenika koji utječu na negativan stav studenata o cjepivu protiv COVID-19.

Obrazovanje je kontinuirani proces koji traje cijeli život. Ono unapređuje kvalitetu života svakog pojedinca, a garantirano je Ustavom BiH, lokalnim zakonskim aktima, Univerzalnom deklaracijom o ljudskim pravima i drugim međunarodnim dokumentima. Osnovna svrha obrazovanja je samoobrazovanje i kvalitetno ispunjen život. Univerzitet u Sarajevu kontinuirano nastoji stvoriti uvjete za jednak pristup i sudjelovanje u kvalitetnom obrazovanju uvažavajući međunarodne pravne okvire, nacionalne dokumente i zakonske regulative, kojima se osiguravaju osnovna ljudska prava, a među njima i pravo na obrazovanje. Jedan od mehanizama putem kojeg realizira navedeno jeste revitalizacija Ureda za podršku studentima (UPS!). Osnovna djelatnost Ureda je usmjerena na pružanje pomoći i podrške studentima i razvijanje inkluzivne kulture, politike i prakse u prostoru visokoškolskog obrazovanja. Ured za podršku studentima je na raspolaganju svim studentima Univerziteta u Sarajevu, s fokusom na studente s invaliditetom, ali i organizacionim jedinicama i akademskom osoblju. Usluge Ureda definirane su njegovom temeljnom orijentacijom ka stvaranju inkluzivnog okruženja i promoviranju obrazovanja za sve, a ogledaju se u pružanju pomoći i podrške studentima u različitim oblastima. Osnovne usluge su: pomoć pri odabiru studija; podrška unapređenju pristupa obrazovanju; psihološka pomoć; informiranje i obrazovanje studenata; poboljšanje iskustva studiranja studenata s invaliditetom; iznajmljivanje asistivne tehnologije; istraživačke aktivnosti; organizacija i realizacija obuka za akademsko osoblje; organizacija radionica za studente; i mnoge druge usluge. Cilj rada je kompilirati realizirane aktivnosti UPS!-a i opisati njihove efekte na unapređenje života mladih u univerzitetskom okruženju. Rezultati doprinose jasnijem artikuliranju argumenata i zagovaranju navedenih i sličnih aktivnosti, te obavezuju na kontinuirano jačanje univerzitetskih kapaciteta za preventivno djelovanje i unapređenje kvalitete života i obrazovanja mladih.

Based on the interaction between ascorbic acid and bromocresol purple, a new simple, straightforward, and quick method for the quantification of ascorbic acid is proposed. The procedure is based on the determined quenching effect of ascorbic acid on the natural fluorescence signal of bromocresol purple in the reaction between ascorbic acid and bromocresol purple in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6). The reduction of bromocresol purple fluorescence intensity is detected at 641 nm, while excitation occurs at 318 nm. The linear relationship between the reduced fluorescence intensity of bromocresol purple and the concentration of ascorbic acid is in the range 4.65 × 10–5 to 4.65 × 10–6 mol L−1 (R2 = 0.9964), with the detection limit of 8.77 × 10–7 mol L−1 and quantification limit of 2.35 × 10–5 mol L−1. The findings in this study further show that the new method provides good precision and repeatability, as well as satisfactory recovery values in terms of accuracy. The new method is tested on fifteen samples with different amounts of ascorbic acid and additional components. The effects of interfering components such as citrus bioflavonoids, citric acid, folic acid, paracetamol, calcium, and magnesium carbonate on the intensity of fluorescence of bromocresol purple are also investigated. The effects of interfering components such as citrus bioflavonoids (routine and hesperidin), citric acid, folic acid, paracetamol, calcium, and magnesium carbonate on the intensity of fluorescence of bromocresol purple are also investigated. The results of iodometric titration point out that the new method is effective for the determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical samples. A new spectrofluorimetric method for determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical samples using bromocresol purple. Determination of optimal parameters for ascorbic acid determination in a variety of pharmaceutical samples. Examination of the influence of additional substances in the pharmaceutical samples on the analysis. A new spectrofluorimetric method for determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical samples using bromocresol purple. Determination of optimal parameters for ascorbic acid determination in a variety of pharmaceutical samples. Examination of the influence of additional substances in the pharmaceutical samples on the analysis.

In this study, the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the hydrodistilled essential oil of Achillea lingulata, an endemic species of the Euro-Mediterranean region, originating from Bosnia and Herzegovina, was investigated for the first time. For comparison, an analysis of the essential oil of the widely distributed Achillea millefolium, which grows together in the same habitat, was made. Ninety-six components were identified in A. lingulata and A. millefolium oils comprising 97.8% and 85.8%, of the total oil, respectively. The oil of A. lingulata was characterized by a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (76.8%). The main compounds were borneol (30.1%), trans-verbenol (15.5%), 2-tridecanone (12.2%), fragranol (8.3%), and myrtenol (7.9%). In contrast, essential oil of A. millefolium had oxygenated sesquiterpenes (60.8%) as the most abundant compounds, with elemol (32.9%) as the main constituent. In addition, γ-eudesmol (12.9%), caryophyllene oxide (7.7%), transcaryophyllene (5.7%) and γ-muurolene (4.7%) were present in a significant percentage in A. millefolium oil. Antioxidant activity was tested by three methods, ABTS, DPPH and FRAP, and the obtained results showed low activity of both investigated oils.

ABSTRACT Breast cancer, the most frequent disease amongst women worldwide, accounts for the highest cancer-related mortality rate. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype encompasses ~15% of all breast cancers and lack estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Although risk factors for breast cancer are well-known, factors underpinning breast cancer onset and progression remain unknown. Recent studies suggest the plausible role of oncoviruses including human papillomaviruses (HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) in breast cancer pathogenesis. However, the role of these oncoviruses in TNBC is still unclear. In the current study, we explored the status of high-risk HPVs, EBV, and MMTV in a well-defined TNBC cohort from Croatia in comparison to 16 normal/non TNBC samples (controls) using polymerase chain reaction assay. We found high-risk HPVs and EBV present in 37/70 (53%) and 25/70 (36%) of the cases, respectively. The most common HPV types are 52, 45, 31, 58 and 68. We found 16% of the samples positive for co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV. Moreover, our data revealed that 5/70 (7%) samples are positive for MMTV. In addition, only 2/70 (3%) samples had co-presence of HPVs, EBV, and MMTV without any significant association with the clinicopathological variables. While, 6/16 (37.5%) controls were positive for HPV (p = .4), EBV was absent in all controls (0/16, 0%) (p = .01). In addition, we did not find the co-presence of the oncoviruses in the controls (p > .05). Nevertheless, further investigations are essential to understand the underlying mechanisms of multiple-oncogenic viruses’ interaction in breast carcinogenesis, especially TNBC.

Description T cell–derived IFNγ and CD40L/IL-21R signals are crucial for the differentiation of human T-bethighCD21low B cells. The factors behind autoimmune B cells T-bethighCD21low B cells are expanded in various autoimmune disorders and infections, but it is unclear how these cells develop. Determining essential factors related to T-bethighCD21low B cell development might allow for the therapeutic inhibition of these cells and the amelioration of autoimmunity. Here, Keller et al. used RNAseq, ATACseq, and flow cytometry of T-bethighCD21low B cells and ex vivo cell culture of CD21posB cells from healthy donors to identify the factors and cells that contribute to the establishment of T-bethighCD21low B cells. Samples from patients with monogenic immunodeficiencies corroborated that the combination of the B cell receptor and T cell–derived CD40 ligand, IL-21, and IFNγ signals to control differentiation of T-bethighCD21low B cells. These developmental pathways point to potential therapeutic targets for various autoimmune disease. Accumulation of human CD21low B cells in peripheral blood is a hallmark of chronic activation of the adaptive immune system in certain infections and autoimmune disorders. The molecular pathways underpinning the development, function, and fate of these CD21low B cells remain incompletely characterized. Here, combined transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility analyses supported a prominent role for the transcription factor T-bet in the transcriptional regulation of these T-bethighCD21low B cells. Investigating essential signals for generating these cells in vitro established that B cell receptor (BCR)/interferon-γ receptor (IFNγR) costimulation induced the highest levels of T-bet expression and enabled their differentiation during cell cultures with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand or CD40L/interleukin-21 (IL-21) stimulation. Low proportions of CD21low B cells in peripheral blood from patients with defined inborn errors of immunity (IEI), because of mutations affecting canonical NF-κB, CD40, and IL-21 receptor or IL-12/IFNγ/IFNγ receptor/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling, substantiated the essential roles of BCR- and certain T cell–derived signals in the in vivo expansion of T-bethighCD21low B cells. Disturbed TLR signaling due to MyD88 or IRAK4 deficiency was not associated with reduced CD21low B cell proportions. The expansion of human T-bethighCD21low B cells correlated with an expansion of circulating T follicular helper 1 (cTfh1) and T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, identifying potential sources of CD40L, IL-21, and IFNγ signals. Thus, we identified important pathways to target autoreactive T-bethighCD21low B cells in human autoimmune conditions, where these cells are linked to pathogenesis and disease progression.

Optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) has long been and is still considered the main test tool for characterizing fiber optic links, i.e. basically identify and localize refractive and reflective events such as breaks, splices and connectors, and measure their insertion/return loss. Specifically, sufficient dynamic range and thus alike signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) enable clear far-end visibility even of long fiber links. Moreover, under such conditions, the highest achievable optical bit-error-rate (BER) floor, is to the large extent determined by major reflective events such as the specific trace distortion caused by connectors and splices, each with significant return loss. Realizing this has provided the opportunity window to extend the standard OTDR capabilities list by the appropriate trace postprocessing to predict the BER floor. Accordingly, considering the SNR high, and thereby the inter-symbol interference dominant error generating mechanism, we applied the time-dispersion channel model that determines the BER floor by the rms delay spread of the (fiber) channel power-delay profile. We verified the BER floor prediction in the exemplar practical test situation, by measuring the actual BER on the same fiber link, and found the obtained values well matching the OTDR - based predicted ones.

In this paper, we observe a practical real-life 2-sections heterogeneous microwave radio-relay (RR) network comprising classic SDH and SDH NGN architecture, hybrid parallel and mutually independent transmission of native-Ethernet and TDM services, as well as all-IP network part, to experimentally benchmark them with the former testing of a 5-sections RR system connecting the same endpoints, with the goal to verify the previous results. Specifically, the main task of the both works was to answer whether quite a diverse RR system could satisfy the quality norms for Ethernet based services, meaning whether a tolerable RR unavailability will necessarily imply the according Ethernet QoS degradation? This question is addressed by the comprehensive in-service and out-of-service testing of an operational hybrid RR transmission system under test. After the undertaken extensive practical testing and appropriate analysis of the achieved results, it came out that the impact of RR - level impairments that determine the performance prediction, affected the Ethernet QoS to the extent of BER approaching the acceptability threshold values defining (un) availability. High consistency of the new RR system test results was found with the previous results, which therefore verifies the appropriateness of this approach.