Various plants have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years as natural medicines with therapeutic and other pharmacologic effects. Bioactive compounds found in plants, such as flavonoids, trace minerals, essential oils, phenols, glycosides, alkaloids, and tannins, can affect microbial growth, reproduction, and essential cell functions. Plants of the Amaranthaceae family have a broad range of bioactive phytochemical constituents, which provide a variety of medicinal benefits. This review article discusses the characteristics of Amaranthaceae plants that may indicate their use as medicinal plants, especially against infectious diseases. According to the literature, Amaranthaceae plants contain considerable levels of bioactive compounds that make them effective in traditional medicine, even though their impact on numerous microbes has yet to be examined.

Background: Alternative The topic of this article is the development of pharmacy in the Middle Ages. Objective: The aim of this paper is to bring readers closer to the development and importance of pharmacy and health activities in general of this century. Methods: This is sistematic review of the published papers about historical facts about development pharmacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the past. Results and Discusion: There are few documents that speak and testify about health and hygiene data and opportunities in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Middle Ages and the time of the independent Bosnian state, because very little was written and mostly knowledge was transmitted by narrative. Bosnia, as an independent state, was first mentioned in the Charter of Kulin Ban in the 12th century. The Charter was sent to the Republic of Dubrovnik and provided safe passage for merchants through Bosnia and tax exemption. The Republic of Dubrovnik also had many influences on the development of all social conditions, including medicine and pharmacy. Doctors and pharmacists were able to come to Bosnia unhindered and engage in treatment and the sale of medicines, without having to fear whether they would pay taxes to the state or be robbed. Conclusion: Until Bosnia came under Ottoman influence, treatment in Bosnia was rather primitive, the number of pharmacies and health facilities was minimal, and hygienic conditions were rather poor. Folk medicine and spells were mainly practiced, which were passed down from generation to generation, by narrative tradition. Only with the arrival of the Ottomans, hospitals and pharmacies began to open, and the health care system was better regulated.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of rural tourism in Republic of Srpska as well as to provide guidance and recommendations for the development of this form of tourism. The used model approach expert opinion and, on this occasion, the DEX method of multicriteria decision-making was used. With this model, an assessment of rural tourist capacities is carried out on a random sample of four tourist facilities. The reason for the results obtained in this way is that the observed facilities have adequately used the natural resources available to Republic of Srpska. In addition, recommendations and guidelines are given in order to further develop this type of tourism in Republic of Srpska. The presented model offers an innovative approach in the assessment of current and potential tourist facilities. For this reason, it should be used in future research.

Changes in the market, caused by globalization, have led to the fact that many companies needed to adapt their operations. In response to these changes, the concept of supply chain was developed to help companies from procurement to sales of products. This paper examines the effects of supply chains on competitiveness using the example of agro-food companies from the Republic of Croatia. The research was conducted through a questionnaire which included 188 agribusiness companies. The responses were systematized and statistically processed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that the effects of supply chains play a major role in determining the competitiveness of agro-food companies. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the effects of the supply chain in these companies in order to improve competitiveness and achieve better results of these companies on the market.

Cause-effect graphs are a popular black-box testing technique. The most commonly used approach for generating test cases from cause-effect graph specifications uses backward-propagation of forced effect activations through the graph in order to get the values of causes for the desired test case. Many drawbacks have been identified when using this approach for different testing requirements. Several algorithms for automatically generating test case suites from cause-effect graph specifications have been proposed. However, many of these algorithms do not solve the main drawbacks of the initial back-propagation approach and offer only minor improvements for specific purposes. This work proposes two new algorithms for deriving test cases from cause-effect graph representations. Forward-propagation of cause values is used for generating the full feasible test case suite, whereas multiple effect activations are taken into account for reducing the feasible test case suite size. Evaluation of the test case suites generated by using the proposed algorithms was performed by using the newly introduced test effect coverage and fault detection rate effectiveness metrics. The evaluation shows that the proposed algorithms work in real time even for a very large number of cause nodes. The results also indicate that the proposed algorithm for generating all feasible test cases generates a larger test case suite, whereas the proposed algorithm for test case suite minimization generates a smaller test case subset than the originally proposed approaches while ensuring the maximum effect coverage, fault detection rate effectiveness and a better test effect coverage ratio.

The aim of the research in the paper is to evaluate the state of rural settlements in Brčko District with regard to the development of rural tourism. Together with the Tourism Department of the Brčko District, five experts from the field of tourism were selected and they evaluated the current state of rural settlements in this part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The evaluations were processed using the fuzzy approach with the SWARA (Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) multi-criteria decision-making method. Using this method, the weights of the used criteria were determined, representing the degree of development of conditions in rural settlements. The results showed that "rural facilities and services" are the best developed in rural settlements, while the criteria related to feelings and experiences are the least developed. Based on this research, it is possible to implement measures to strengthen certain criteria that have not been adequately developed in order to further improve rural tourism in Brčko District.