Urban mobility is one of the most significant factors in the successful development and sustainable future of large cities. The increasing demand for fast, safe, and eco-friendly transportation services is a trend in modern society. These requirements pose the challenge of finding corresponding solutions for efficient mobility of people in urban areas. However, many problems are caused by the increased traffic in cities, leading to high congestion, negative impacts on the environment, rising security challenges, etc. Therefore, the research community and other stakeholders have increased their focus on finding solutions for these issues. The Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled the development of efficient and cost-effective solutions to enhance urban mobility. Enabling IoT technologies has become a significant driver for smart mobility concept development. The continuous development of IoT has led to various applications focused on urban mobility improvement. This paper presents some IoT possibilities and potentials for developing solutions for smart urban mobility.

The development of information society and broadband Internet is key indicators of social and economic change. They transform the way companies, political systems, and citizens communicate with each other. Today, we talk about various regional and national initiatives to first stabilize and then improve the economies of countries through the development of the Internet and information society. The European Union has recognized information technology as a major factor influencing economic growth and innovation. Among the seven flagship initiatives of the Europe 2020 economic strategy is the Digital Agenda for Europe. This shows the importance that information technologies have in the development of the modern economy. In this paper, we analyze the current state of development of the information society and broadband Internet access in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We highlight the necessity of considering mechanisms for the development of broadband access. We analyzed the current situation and progress in the implementation of the Digital Agenda guidelines in EU countries. The aim of this research is to highlight the advantages of using EU strategic guidelines to improve and develop the current situation in the field of broadband Internet in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Limonene (1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene) is one of the most widespread monocyclic terpenes, being both a natural and industrial compound. It is widely present in the environment, including in water supplies. Therefore, it may be subjected to aqueous chlorination at water treatment stations during drinking water preparation. Besides, being a component of numerous body care and cosmetic products, it may present at high levels in swimming pool waters and could also be subjected to aqueous chlorination. Laboratory experiments with aqueous chlorination of D-limonene demonstrated the prevalence of the conjugated electrophilic addition of HOCl molecule to the double bonds of the parent molecule as the primary reaction. The reaction obeys the Markovnikov rule, as the levels of the corresponding products were higher than those of the alternative ones. Fragmentation pattern in conditions of electron ionization enabled the assigning of the structures for four primary products. The major products of the chlorination are formed by the addition of two HOCl molecules to limonene. The reactions of electrophilic addition are usually accompanied by the reactions of elimination. Thus, the loss of water molecules from the products of various generations results in the reproduction of the double bond, which immediately reacts further. Thus, a cascade of addition-elimination reactions brings the most various isomeric polychlorinated species. At a ratio of limonene/active chlorine higher than 1:10, the final products of aqueous chlorination (haloforms) start forming, while brominated haloforms represent a notable portion of these products due to the presence of bromine impurities in the used NaOCl. It is worth mentioning that the bulk products of aqueous chlorination are less toxic in the bioluminescence test on V. fischeri than the parent limonene.

Digitization of transport requires the transformation of the transport system from a physical to a cybernetic physical system. Digitization of transport includes the application of information and communication technologies and artificial intelligence in the transport system. This leads to the transformation of transport processes, but also to a change in the behavior of users and their views on transport and transport services. This creates the conditions for the development of new services and new solutions in the transport system that enable more efficient, economical, safer and more environmentally friendly transport.

A UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is an unmanned aerial vehicle or aircraft that can be monitored remotely or flown independently using a pre-programmed flight plan. Simply, a drone is a selfpropelled vehicle heavier than air. From their beginnings and first forms to modern drones as we know them today, people have discovered many areas for their application. As the power and carrying capacity of drones has grown, so does the possibility of using them for different purposes such as logistics and postal services. The main advantage of drones in urban areas is the independence from road infrastructure and fast delivery, but several challenges need to be addressed for this type of delivery to be competitive with other modes. Many projects have dealt with this topic, but none of them has widespread use to this day. In this paper, we will present the basic challenges that arise in the use of drones for shipment delivery. The paper will present activities that should be prioritized to make a competitive type of service. The paper will present also the advantages over other types of shipment delivery and the current limitation with a future possible research area.

The fifth generation of mobile telecommunications (5G) is one of the most important novelties of our times due to its influence on the economy and society. The advent of 5G networks and services expands the security threats landscape and requires the implementation of adequate countermeasures. This paper presents a brief overview of 5G security threats and countermeasures from operators’ perspective. The aim is to contribute to the 5G cybersecurity knowledge collection and dissemination by summarizing the key findings and identifying next steps.

Digital transformation is unstoppable and ongoing process that affects all segments of our everyday lives such as healthcare, banking and finance systems, public administration, or postal and logistics systems. One of the main engines of this process, among many, is the use of cryptocurrencies. Both of these concepts are usually addressed from the firm perspective, but they should be considered from the individual’s perspective as well. Cryptocurrencies recently face increased cyber security threats, thereby affecting the digital transformation and posing additional challenges to it. Therefore, this paper gives a brief overview of security threats and challenges characteristic for cryptocurrency technology today and discusses what can be expected tomorrow. We provide insight how these challenges can affect digital transformation process and propose ways to increase the level of protection for both individuals and organizations.

Abstract This study explores the mechanism of influence of total quality management (TQM) practices on a company’s financial performance (FP), considering innovation performance (IP) as a mediator variable. In addition, the proposed model seeks to determine whether the competition intensity (CI) moderates the relationship between TQM practices and FP. Based on the sample of 593 companies from various sectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina, structural equation modeling is used to analyze the relationships between the variables in the model. The results of this paper reveal the implicit and often omitted impact of IP on FP taking into account TQM practices, suggesting that the impact of TQM practices is manifested through full mediation of IP. The moderating effect of CI in the relationship between TQM practices and FP was not supported. The results indicate the role and the importance of IP in the mechanism of influence of TQM practices.

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide that is endemic to Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) and remains an emerging public and animal health concern in this country. Diagnostic testing of brucellosis in ruminants in B&H relies exclusively on serological methods. The present study was conducted to determine the presence of Brucella spp. in clinical samples of seropositive ruminants by Real-time PCR assay. Of the 135 samples tested, 37% were positive by Real-time PCR. The frequency of detection of Brucella-DNA in the samples collected from aborted animals (n = 20/20; 100%) was significantly higher (P < 0.00001) when compared to asymptomatic animals (n = 30/115; 26%). Among asymptomatic animals, 31.1% of cattle were positive for Brucella-DNA, followed by sheep (23.4%) and goats (16.6%). The results of this research underline the limitations of the current control policy and indicate the need for additional diagnostic methods required for more effective brucellosis control program.

The current market situation indicates an intensive increase in services offered by the logistics sector. To fulfill the growing demand, the logistics sector in the department of distribution of goods has several challenges, such as increasing fleet, increased mileage, difficulty in achieving an environmentally-friendly distribution chain. Each of these challenges requires organizational and managerial interventions in the process of functioning of the logistics sector. Given the needs of the market, environmental restrictions at the global level, the global issue of conventional fuels, research in this paper will focus on one of the elements for achieving an environmentally friendly and sustainable distribution chain. This paper targets to point out the challenges and advantages of replacing conventional vehicle vehicles with more environmentally-friendly vehicles. In the concept of Green Logistic, the basis for achieving an environmentally friendly logistics distribution chain are electric vehicles. The paper will identify the impact of logistics operations on the environment on the example of the vehicle fleet of a logistics operator in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which provides goods distribution services, using European models for assessing the environmental performance of vehicles. Research and application of scientific methods will determine the advantages, challenges, and possibilities of introducing electric vehicles in logistics operator’s fleet.

Simple Summary Boar spermatozoa can be exposed to many harmful factors. The low antioxidant capacity of spermatozoa makes them susceptible to reactive oxygen species. The protection of spermatozoa from these harmful effects lies in the seminal plasma, which is enriched by antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed to measure the antioxidant status of boar seminal plasma, and to determine spermatozoa DNA status, and the total number of motile spermatozoa after the concurrent joint application in the boars’ diet of two commercial products with antioxidative potential. Abstract The study was conducted on a commercial pig farm located in Serbia. Thirty Duroc or Landrace breed boars were randomly selected for this study. The experimental group was fed a compound feed with added organic selenium and Oxynat 3D. The antioxidant status parameters of boar seminal plasma were evaluated using a biochemical analyzer and commercial Randox kits. The sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) using flow cytometry (FC) provided information about spermatozoa’s DNA status. Additionally, the total number of motile spermatozoa and spermatozoa kinematic parameters were measured using the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. The aim of this study was to improve the parameters of semen by combining two preparations that have a potential antioxidant effect, but also to establish the level of various antioxidant enzymes in native sperm. There was no statistically significant difference in total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity in the seminal plasma obtained from the experimental and control groups of boars. Regarding the superoxide dismutase activity, the research results showed a difference in the control group compared to the experimental one. Moreover, spermatozoa DNA fragmentation and the total number of motile spermatozoa showed statistically significant lower and higher values, respectively, in experimental compared to the control groups. The combination of these two preparations shows significantly enhanced vital parameters of semen. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in which the ejaculate parameters were examined after the application of a combination of these two antioxidant supplements.

Aquaculture net pens inspection and monitoring are important to ensure net stability and fish health in the fish farms. Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) offer a low-cost and sophisticated solution for the regular inspection of the underwater fish net pens due to their ability of visual sensing and autonomy in a challenging and dynamic aquaculture environment. In this paper, we report the integration of an ROV with a visual servoing scheme for regular inspection and tracking of the net pens. We propose a vision-based positioning scheme that consists of an object detector, a pose generator, and a closed-loop controller. The system employs a modular approach that first utilizes two easily identifiable parallel ropes attached to the net for image processing through traditional computer vision methods. Second, the reference positions of the ROV relative to the net plane are extracted on the basis of a vision triangulation method. Third, a closed-loop control law is employed to instruct the vehicle to traverse from top to bottom along the net plane to inspect its status. The proposed vision-based scheme has been implemented and tested both through simulations and field experiments. The extensive experimental results have allowed the assessment of the performance of the scheme that resulted satisfactorily and can supplement the traditional aquaculture net pens inspection and tracking systems.

Introduction: The early approaches to prevent the spread of COVID-19 included lockdown and social distancing measures, leading to university closures. These measures forced unparalleled changes to the delivery of healthcare education. Concerns included the preparedness of faculty and students to e-learning as well as the routine availability and funding of equipment and internet bundles. This needed addressing with fully trained healthcare professionals required given rising inappropriate use of antibiotics in India, growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases as well as an increasing number of patients with joint comorbidities. Consequently, there is a need to ascertain the current impact of the pandemic on healthcare student education across India. Materials and Methods: This was a pilot study among 10 purposely selected healthcare educators in both private and public universities. The questionnaire built on published studies. Results: Identified challenges included a lack of familiarity with online education, no bedside teaching, lack of equipment and affordability of internet bundles, poor internet connectivity and postponed examinations. Ways forward included training faculty on e-learning, providing students with loans and other financial support to purchase equipment and internet bundles, establishing COVID-19 prevention protocols and protective equipment, recording lectures and tutorials to make up for lost time and simulated methods to teach clinical aspects. Conclusion: Despite challenges, there was a rapid move to online learning among surveyed universities. Alongside this, courses to address lack of familiarity with e-learning approaches with hybrid teaching approaches here to stay. The next step will be to undertake a wider study and to use the combined findings to provide future guidance.