We analyze the high-order above-threshold ionization (HATI) process of a small polyatomic molecule with C3 symmetry, which is induced by a bicircular strong laser field. This field consists of two coplanar, counter-rotating, circularly polarized components with frequencies rω and sω where r and s are integers. In our study, we use an improved molecular strong-field approximation to obtain electron energy-angle-resolved and momentum spectra of the BF3 molecule. We analyze the contributions of individual atoms as well as the impact of molecular symmetries on these spectra. We find that these spectra are significantly affected by the characteristics of the molecule and the laser-field parameters. Furthermore, we observe pronounced interference minima in the HATI spectra. We demonstrate that these minima result from the destructive interference of rescattered wave packets from different atomic centers, and we determine the conditions under which they occur, including two-, three-, and four-center interference.

Bedding begonias ( Begonia cucullata Hort.) are cultivated primarily for their aesthetic appeal. Boasting beautiful leaves and lively, colourful flowers, these plants can significantly enhance any garden space. They also have the capacity to produce a large biomass, suggesting their suitability for phytoextraction purposes. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of bedding begonia in removing Cr, Pb, and Cd from artificially polluted substrates, with concentrations varying from 100 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg for Cr and Pb, and from 20 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg for Cd. The phytoextraction potential was estimated using bioaccumulation (BAF) and translocation (TF) factors analysis. The current study demonstrated that bedding begonia can successfully grow in substrates enriched with Cr, Pb, and Cd. BAF values < 1 for both Cr and Pb were detected regardless of contamination levels, indicating that this species has limited capacity to restore soils contaminated with these metals. On the other hand, BAF and TF values for Cd were greater than 1 at all contamination levels, implying their potential to remove Cd from polluted soils.

Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is often linked with reproductive disorders in humans and animals. Despite this, its presence in animals in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H) remains undocumented. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among domestic pigs in FB&H, assess associated risk factors for parasite transmission and provide insights into optimal management and biosafety practices for the pig industry. Methods A two‐phase random sampling approach was employed to select 87 pig farms across 10 administrative regions in FB&H. A total of 437 pigs were sampled and tested for anti‐T. gondii antibodies using an indirect ELISA kit. Epidemiological data on potential risk factors were collected through a standardised questionnaire and analysed using logistic regression models. Results The animal‐level seroprevalence was found to be 13.3% (95% CI = 10.4–16.8), with 44.8% of farms testing positive for T. gondii (95% CI: 34.8–55.3). Identified risk factors included exposure to cats, repeated occurrences of abortions within a single breeding season, swill feeding, type of housing, and type of operation. The robust association observed between recurrent abortions and Toxoplasma seropositivity indicates a significantly greater potential involvement of T. gondii in reproductive disorders among pigs in FB&H than previously acknowledged. Conclusions This study provides the first report on T. gondii infection in animals in FB&H, highlighting the need for further research to explore its presence in other meat animals and meat products consumed in the region. The findings underscore the importance of biosafety measures in mitigating T. gondii transmission and call for enhanced surveillance and management strategies in FB&H's pig industry.

Background and Objectives: Resilience and perceived social support are crucial factors influencing the psychological well-being among breast cancer survivors. Understanding their levels and interrelations can inform psychosocial interventions aimed at improving survivorship outcomes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between resilience and perceived social support, evaluate the psychometric properties, and explore their associations with key sociodemographic factors among breast cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: A total of 253 women in clinical remission, at least six months post-primary treatment, were recruited from the University Clinical Center of Vojvodina. Participants completed sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: Participants reported moderate levels of resilience (Mdn = 75, IQR = 19). Among resilience domains, Hardiness (Mdn = 22, IQR = 7) and Coping (Mdn = 14, IQR = 4) scored highest, while Optimism (Mdn = 6, IQR = 3) was the lowest. A significant positive correlation was found between resilience and fertility-related quality of life (ρ = 0.454, p < 0.01), while a negative correlation was observed between resilience and fertility-related stress (ρ = −0.275, p < 0.01). Adaptive coping strategies, particularly from the Practical Management Branch of the CIQ, were positively associated with resilience and quality of life, while avoidance coping was linked to higher stress and lower well-being. Conclusions: Breast cancer survivors in this Serbian cohort reported moderate resilience and social support, with a strong interrelationship between the two. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening social support networks as a potential pathway to enhance resilience and psychological well-being in cancer survivorship care.

Background and Objectives: Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a treatable, but diagnostically challenging condition in the elderly marked by gait disturbance, cognitive decline, and urinary incontinence. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting is effective, but the prognostic significance of symptom duration before surgery remains unclear. This systematic review evaluates symptom duration in NPH patients with postoperative outcomes. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase was conducted per PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they assessed clinical or radiological outcomes of VP shunting in adult NPH patients, reported symptom duration, and had a follow-up of at least one month. Clinical outcomes (MMSE, TUG, NPH score) were qualitatively analyzed due to study heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-four studies comprising 1169 patients were included (mean age: 72.45 years; mean symptom duration: 33.04 months). Most studies reported clinical improvement after VP shunting. However, few directly evaluated the effect of symptom duration, yielding inconsistent findings: some suggested better outcomes with shorter symptom duration, while others found no clear correlation. Larger studies often lacked conclusive data, and no randomized controlled trials were identified. Conclusions: VP shunting remains an effective intervention for NPH; however, evidence supporting the predictive value of preoperative symptom length is inconclusive. This review highlights the need for standardized diagnostic protocols and larger prospective studies to clarify this association and optimize surgical timing.

Dementia is a growing public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), as a post-conflict LMIC with a complex administrative structure, currently lacks national guidelines, epidemiological data, and systematic approaches for dementia care. This study investigates healthcare workers’ attitudes toward dementia care and identifies both obstacles and practical opportunities for improving practice within BiH’s unique healthcare system. A qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare settings across Bosnia and Herzegovina, with 25 participants, including family medicine doctors (n = 10), nurses (n = 10), and psychologists (n = 5). The data were analyzed using thematic analysis guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Dementia care in BiH is predominantly reactive, with healthcare professionals typically responding only after families have expressed concerns. Participants reported inconsistent use of cognitive screening tools (e.g. MMSE, MoCA), largely due to insufficient training, lack of clear national guidelines, and varying institutional practices. Many clinicians felt unprepared and unsupported in managing dementia cases. Cultural stigma and widespread misperceptions of dementia as a normal part of aging contribute to delays in diagnosis and reduce the likelihood that families will seek help early. These barriers are exacerbated by a lack of national prevalence data and fragmented care pathways. The findings of this study indicate the need to change the approach to dementia care in BiH through concrete and realistic measures within the existing systemic frameworks. Practice-based guidelines, culturally adapted tools for early detection, reactivation of community-based care, accessible education, a pragmatic approach to prevention, and local initiatives for awareness-raising and multidisciplinary care are recommended.

Sažetak ( sa ključnim riječima): Sažetak: Radni sporovi su pogodni za rješavanje alternativnim načinima rješavanja, pa i mirenjem propisanim Zakona o mirnom rješavanju radnih sporova iz 2021. godine. U radu se obrađuju specifičnosti radnih sporova kao posebnog parničnog postupka. Glavni fokus rada je na analizi postupku mirnog rješavanja kolektivnih radnih sporova, mirovno vijeće, način određivanja miritelja i arbitara te druga pitanja od značaja za mirno rješavanje radnih sporova za teritoriju Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine ako drugim zakonom nije drugačije određeno. Autorica naglašava važnost obveznog mirenja kod rješavanja kolektivnog radnog spora uz analizu sudske prakse te utjecaj mirenja na ishod parnice i značaj jer postignuti sporazum ima pravnu snagu ovršne isprave. Autorica analizira odnos parničnog zakonodavstva te instituta obveznog mirenja kao predstadija prije pokretanja parničnog postupka za kolektivne radne sporove u kontekstu i konvencijskih prava - prava na pristup sudu te prava na udruživanje i prava na štrajk. Poseban naglasak se stavlja na specifičnosti i značaj mirenja u kolektivnim radnim sporovima. Ključne riječi: kolektivni radni spor, Zakon o mirnom rješavanju radnih sporova, mirenje, arbitraža Summary: Labor disputes are suitable for resolution by alternative means of resolution, including mediation prescribed by the Law on the Peaceful Settlement of Labor Disputes from 2021. The paper addresses the specifics of labor disputes as a special civil procedure. The main focus of the paper is on the analysis of the procedure for the peaceful resolution of collective labor disputes, the peace council, the method of appointing conciliators and arbitrators, and other issues of importance for the peaceful resolution of labor disputes for the territory of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, unless otherwise provided for by other law. The authors emphasize the importance of mandatory mediation in resolving collective labor disputes, along with an analysis of case law and the impact of mediation on the outcome of litigation and its significance because the agreement reached has the legal force of an enforceable document. The authors analyze the relationship between civil proceeding law and the institute of mandatory mediation as a preliminary stage before initiating civil proceedings for collective labor disputes in the context of both convention rights - the right to access to court and the right to associate and the right to strike. Special emphasis is placed on the specifics and importance of mediation in collective labor disputes. Keywords: collective labor dispute, Law on Peaceful Resolution of Labor Disputes, mediation, arbitratio

Recent technological advances have expanded the use of 3D-printed polymer components across industries, including a growing interest in military applications. The effective defensive use of such materials depends on a thorough understanding of polymer properties, printing techniques, structural design, and influencing parameters. This paper analyzes the ballistic resistance of 3D-printed polymer structures against 9 × 19 mm projectiles. Cuboid targets with different infill patterns—cubic, grid, honeycomb, and gyroid—were fabricated and tested experimentally using live ammunition. Post-impact, CT scans were used to non-destructively measure projectile penetration depths. The honeycomb infill demonstrated superior bullet-stopping performance. Additionally, mechanical properties were experimentally determined and applied in FEM simulations, confirming the ability of commercial software to predict projectile–target interaction in complex geometries. A simplified analytical model also produced satisfactory agreement with experimental observations. The results contribute to a better understanding of impact behavior in 3D-printed polymer structures, supporting their potential application in defense systems.

Traditional medicinal plants are valued for their therapeutic potential, yet the full spectrum of their bioactive compounds often remains underexplored. Recent advances in multiomics technologies, including metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, combined with in vitro culture systems and elicitor-based strategies, have revolutionized our ability to characterize and enhance the production of valuable secondary metabolites. This review synthesizes current findings on the integration of these approaches to help us understand phytochemical pathways optimising bioactive compound yields. We explore how metabolomic profiling links chemical diversity with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, how proteomic insights reveal regulatory mechanisms activated during elicitation, and how in vitro systems enable controlled manipulation of metabolic outputs. Both biotic and abiotic elicitors, such as methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid, are discussed as key triggers of phytochemical defense pathways. Further, we examine the potential of multiomics-informed metabolic engineering and synthetic biology to scale production and discover novel compounds. By aligning traditional ethnobotanical knowledge with modern biotechnology, this integrative framework offers a powerful avenue to unlock the pharmacological potential of medicinal plants for sustainable and innovative therapeutic development.

Introduction. Chronic kidney insufficiency presents a progressive decline in renal function. Long-term hemodialysis treatments lead to biochemical parameter imbalances like an altered level of homocysteine (Hcy). Hcy can contribute to oxidative stress and endothelial damage, which promotes the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the development of atherosclerosis. It can also affect lipoprotein metabolism and trigger inflammatory processes that alter the lipid profile, especially increasing triglycerides and lowering high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Methods. This cross-sectional, clinical and descriptive-analytical study included 83 patients, 40 patients on hemodialysis, and 43 subjects in healthy control group. Results. The hemodialysis group had significantly higher Hcy values compared to the control group of seemingly healthy subjects (p<0.05). The control group had significantly higher values of total cholesterol, LDL and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) compared to the hemodialysis patients (p<0.05). There was non significant correlation between Hcy and lipid parameters in the hemodialysis group, neither in the control group. Conclusion. Patients undergoing hemodialysis had significantly higher total homocysteine levels compared to the control group. However, total homocysteine did not demonstrate an association with lipid status parameters in either the hemodialysis patients or the healthy subjects. Keywords: homocysteine, hemodialysis, cholesterol, triglycerides, metabolism.

The aim of the study was to determine the association between motor abilities and the performance of the Osoto Gari (OSOTOG) from the special physical education (SPE) program, as a narrower part of the Physical Education field. The sample consisted of 84 male first-year students from the Faculty of Security Sciences in Banja Luka. The variable sample consisted of sixteen tests for assessing motor skills, which served as independent variables, and the dependent variable, the Osoto Gari, represented the average grades of performing the throwing technique with a backward standing leg from the SFE program. This technique differs from the classic Osoto Gari by its training methodology and level of application in defense or attack situations. Based on the results of the regression analysis, it can be concluded that motor skills are significant for the effectiveness of the throwing technique with a backward standing leg, with 46.4% of the total variability of the dependent variable OSOTOG being determined by the independent variables assessing motor skills. The statistically significant individual contributions to explaining the criterion variable OSOTOG were made by the following variables: hand tapping, side steps, twisting, side lying, forward bend on a bench, and standing long jump, which suggests that these variables are predictive for performing the throwing technique with a backward standing leg from the SPE program. The obtained results could be used to develop certain motor skills to improve the quality of performing the throwing technique with a backward standing leg.

This paper presents a study of air pollution in the vertical profile of the atmosphere during periods with and without temperature inversion in the Zenica valley. Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) equipped with sensors for measuring the concentration of suspended particles, atmospheric pressure and air temperature were used for the study. The measurements were carried out at three different locations in the Zenica valley in two different periods. The study shows that pollutants remain below the inversion layer during the inversion period and that concentrations drop sharply at heights above the floor of the inversion layer. The measurements were carried out in December 2024 and January 2025 at three locations (Institut, Kamberovi apolje and Banlozi) along the Zenica valley, which, in addition to industrial sources of pollution, also contains a large number of small house stows distributed on the slopes of the hills surrounding the Zenica valley on three sides.

<p>This study presents the results of applied phytoextraction as a soil phytoremediation method, based on the analysis of selected heavy metal content in soil and plant material. The selected locations where phytoextraction was applied as a phytoremediation method (Gradi&scaron;će, Podbrežje, and Tetovo) are situated in the city of Zenica, in proximity to the ArcelorMittal d.o.o. Zenica plant, identified as a potential major source of soil contamination in the surrounding area. The plant species used as potential phytoremediators were maize, Swiss chard, and alfalfa. The study analyzed the heavy metal content (Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu) in soil samples after plant material extraction, as well as in the root samples of the plant material. Additionally, the study presents the pH values of the soil before sowing (initial state) and after plant extraction. The primary objective of this research was to determine whether soil complexation with an aqueous EDTA solution contributed to the increased uptake of selected heavy metals from soil into the selected plants under real environmental conditions. To assess this, one portion of the land plots was treated with a 0.1 M EDTA solution (from sowing until the late growth stage), while the other portion was left untreated. The results presented in this study indicate that soil complexation with the EDTA solution did not significantly enhance the phytoremediation potential of plants in the majority of analyzed samples. One of the key reasons for the reduced mobility of heavy metals from soil into plant material may be the alkaline nature of the soil at all three study locations, with a pH &gt; 8. The mobility of heavy metals is significantly higher in acidic soils compared to alkaline soils.</p>