The objective of this research was to (1) gain insight into the online and offline video gaming activities participants engaged in over the previous 12 months related to IGD, and (2) examine differences in internet gaming disorder scores between eSports players and gamers. The research was conducted on 62 participants (N=62), 26 of whom are eSports players participating in state-level and regional-level competitions, while the remaining 36 are classified as gamers. Regression analysis and t-test statistical procedures were used to test the hypotheses regarding internet gaming disorder, utilizing the IGD-20 (Internet Gaming Disorder-20) psychological scale. It was hypothesized that age, age of initiation into gaming, weekly hours played, and gamer/eSports player status are statistically significant predictors of internet gaming disorder, while also assuming that eSports players score lower on mood modification, withdrawal symptoms, and conflict subscales of internet gaming disorder. Results indicate that the first hypothesis was partially confirmed, where age (ß=-.275, p<.05) and gamer/eSports player status (ß=.459, p<.001) are statistically significant predictors of internet gaming disorder, while other variables showed no statistical significance. Testing differences between eSports players and gamers, all three hypotheses were confirmed, with eSports players scoring significantly lower on mood modification (t(60)=3.37, p<.01), withdrawal symptoms (t(60)=2.98, p<.01), and conflict (t(60)=2.86, p<.01) subscales. Conclusively, the results imply better mental health, control, and resilience in comparison to gamers, likely due to the organizational aspects of eSports organizations and the professional elements of their roles, which together seemingly serve as protective factors against mental health disorders. This research aimed to raise new questions and briefly introduce important details related to eSports and gaming.

Izvještaj sa Naučnog projekta “HISTORIJSKI POGLEDI 2024”, Centar za istraživanje moderne i savremene historije Tuzla, Tuzla, 15. i 16. novembar 2024. godine // Conference Report from Scientific project “HISTORICAL VIEWS 2024”, Center for Research of Modern and Contemporary History Tuzla, Tuzla, November 15 and 16, 2024

Apstrakt: Rakovi pripadaju carstvu Animalia i filumu Arthropoda. Riječni rakovi su monofiletska skupina unutar reda Decapoda koji obuhvata dvije nadfamilije: Astacoidea i Parastacoidea.. 1879. godine započeto je temeljno istraživanje ove skupine životinja i do danas teče period intenzivnog istraživanja, koji je rezultirao formiranjem Internacionalne Astakološke Asocijacije (International Association of Astacology IAA). Riječni rak (Astacus astacus L) jedna je od četiri autohtone vrste slatkovodnih deseteronožnih rakova iz porodice Astacidae koje naseljavaju rijeke i jezera Bosne i Hercegovine. Osim u domaćim vodama, ova vrsta je široko rasprostranjena u velikom dijelu Europe. Slatkovodni rakovi igraju ključnu ulogu u održavanju funkcionalnosti ekosistema i hranidbenih mreža, zbog čega je očuvanje njihovih populacija od iznimne važnosti. Nažalost, te populacije trenutno su ugrožene zbog zagađenja slatkovodnih staništa i unošenja stranih i invazivnih vrsta. Poznato je da se organizmi prilagođavaju specifičnim okolišnim uvjetima na različite načine, a neke od tih adaptacija mogu se odraziti i na morfološke karakteristike populacija. Cilj ovog istraživanja je analizirati morfološke karakteristike ove vrste u hidroekosistemima jedinog zaštićenog područja Tuzlanskog kantona. U svrhu ovog istraživanja prikupljeno je 37 jedinki plemenitog raka i izmjereni su im dijelovi tijela od interesa nakon čega su dobijeni podaci analizirani opisnom i inferencijalnom statistikom i metodama geometrijske morfometrije . Rezultati su pokazali da postoje vidljive razlike između strukture populacija tri istraživana lokaliteta ali i razlike između fizičko-hemijskih karakteristika voda koja naseljava riječni rak. Ključne riječi: Astacus astacus, riječni rak, morfometrijske karakteristike, slatkovodni ekosistem, Konjuh, Bosna i Hercegovina.

Active Open Thinking (AOM) is a disposition that manifests itself as a tendency to consciously and actively seek, consider and evaluate various arguments based on available evidence when thinking and making decisions with the aim of reaching objective conclusions. According to the study socialization hypothesis, during academic studies, people harmonize their existing system of values, attitudes and beliefs with those that rule in the academic group they attend. In this paper, we try to examine whether the experience of studying in a certain study group has a statistically significant effect on AOM. The research was conducted on a convenient sample of students of the study program of theology (n=82) and psychology (n=205). From each group, students who are at the beginning (first and second year) and at the end (fourth and fifth year) of their studies were tested. Disposition towards AOM was assessed with a Likert-type scale consisting of 20 statements. The hypothesis of the research is that during their studies, psychology students show a significant increase in the tendency towards AOM compared to theology students. The analysis of the results found that, when it comes to the development of AOM, there is no statistically significant interaction between the study group and the length of study. Therefore, it can be concluded that the hypothesis about the effects of study socialization on active open-mindedness was not confirmed, because psychology students already at the beginning of their studies achieve statistically significantly higher average AOM results compared to theology students, and during the course of the studies there is no significant change in the level of AOM in any group.

Voda je jedan od najvažnijih prirodnih resursa, ključan za ekosustav, ljudsko zdravlje i održivi razvoj. Izvorske vode predstavljaju značajan dio vodenih resursa, karakteristične po svojoj visokoj kvaliteti i stabilnom dotoku iz podzemnih rezervoara. Njihova čistoća i kemijski sastav ovise o geološkim i hidrološkim uvjetima, ali mogu biti pod utjecajem različitih zagađivača. U ovom istraživanju određeni su parametri kvaliteta vode s lokalnog izvorišta Klokot (Bihać, Bosna i Hercegovina) u zimskom periodu tijekom tri mjeseca, kako bi se ocijenila njena kvaliteta i identificirali potencijalni rizici po okoliš i zdravlje ljudi. Provedena je detaljna analiza fizičkih, kemijskih i mikrobioloških parametara. Dobiveni rezultati su analizirani i uspoređeni sa zakonskim regulativama kako bi se utvrdila ispravnost vode za različite namjene. Određeni parametri su pokazali odstupanja od optimalnih vrijednosti, što ukazuje na potencijalne antropogene utjecaje. Ovi nalazi naglašavaju potrebu za kontinuiranim praćenjem kvaliteta vode i primjenom adekvatnih mjera zaštite izvorišta kako bi se osigurala dugoročna održivost ovog važnog prirodnog resursa.

This study analyzed the concentrations of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla) and collard greens (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) available on the market in the city of Mostar, with the aim of assessing potential carcinogenic risks for adults and children. Given that heavy metals are present in the environment and can accumulate in plants, understanding their concentrations and potential health impacts is particularly important. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) considers an acceptable carcinogenic risk to fall within the range of 1×10⁻⁶ to 1×10⁻⁴. The measured concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, and Pb) in Swiss chard (samples B1–B6) and collard greens (samples R1–R6) showed variability but were all below the maximum permissible levels set by the Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina No. 68/14. The estimated potential carcinogenic risk for adults ranged from 2.53x10⁻⁵ to 2.64x10⁻⁵ for Swiss chard and from 1.06x10⁻⁵ to 8.55x10⁻⁶ mg/kg/day for collard greens. Higher risks were calculated for children, ranging from 3.55x10⁻⁵ to 1.62x10⁻⁵ mg/kg/day for Swiss chard and from 1.13x10⁻⁵ to 7.81x10⁻⁶ mg/kg/day for collard greens. Although the concentrations of heavy metals in the analyzed samples were low and the associated risks fall within the USEPA-recommended limits, continuous monitoring and control of heavy metal concentrations are advised to ensure food safety and protect consumer health.

The Srebrenica genocide stands as a stark and enduring reminder of the international community’s failure to prevent genocide, despite existing legal frameworks intended to safeguard populations from such atrocities. This event continues to raise pressing concerns regarding the effectiveness of international mechanisms and the actual extent of state obligations under international law. A central legal development in this context is the judgment rendered by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro case, which has been widely scrutinized for the ambiguity it presents. Rather than delivering clear and definitive answers, the judgment has, in many respects, generated further questions, particularly concerning the obligations of states to prevent genocide as stipulated in the 1948 Genocide Convention. The ICJ’s approach to the interpretation of the duty to prevent genocide is notably inconsistent. In certain paragraphs, the judgment appears to adopt a relatively expansive understanding of state obligations, hinting at a broader responsibility to act against the threat of genocide. However, in other parts of the ruling, the Court takes a more restrictive stance, narrowing the scope of this obligation and potentially limiting its enforceability or applicability in practical terms. As a result, the judgment offers only limited and sometimes conflicting guidance for states seeking to understand the nature and extent of their responsibilities under the Genocide Convention. This inconsistency within the ruling has led to considerable uncertainty regarding the legal contours of the obligation to prevent genocide. While the judgment does provide some degree of clarification, it ultimately leaves unresolved critical aspects of how the duty should be interpreted and implemented in practice. The case, therefore, remains a subject of ongoing debate in both legal scholarship and international political discourse, highlighting the continuing need for greater precision in defining states’ preventive obligations under international law.

The Western Balkan Six economies have advanced structural reforms to boost economic growth, create new jobs, and bring living standards closer to those in Europe. However, the Western Balkan residents continue to be encouraged to look for career and educational possibilities outside of the region due to the slow rate of convergence and the significant development gap with other European nations. Over the past ten years, the Western Balkan emigration rate has increased by 10%, and as a result, about one-fifth of the population now lives outside of the region. The high levels of emigration that continue can be extremely challenging for development. They may cause skill shortages and labor market distortions, which may discourage potential investors from making investments because they are unable to find the necessary skills. Gaining competitiveness, attracting investment, and navigating the area's ecological and digital transition all depend on human capital and a competent workforce that can meet the labor market's skill requirements and spur innovation. They are also important pillars of an economy's resilience and prosperity, which is important in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the changing nature of the global environment. The goal of this paper is to examine how immigrants contribute to innovation in Western Balkans. Using Total Factor Productivity as a measure of innovation. The focus is on the Western Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia). The relationship between migration and innovation is examined not only at regional, but also at sectoral level. This makes it possible to quantify the direct impact of immigrants in the industry where they are really employed. To address the potential endogeneity of migration we adopt instrumental variable technique originally devised by Card (2001). Moreover, we carried out the analysis of human capital composition across sectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The offered recommendations can be used by policy makers when designing future policies. 

<p>The changes in pH and conductivity during the rinsing of the pumpkin peel and the biosorption of Cu²⁺ ions were the subject of this work. The obtained data showed that the pH value of the solutions increased during the rinsing of the biosorbent, as a result of the transfer of H⁺ ions from the aqueous phase into the structure of the pumpkin peel. An increase in the conductivity value was observed in the initial period of rinsing the pumpkin peel, followed by a decrease. The increase in conductivity in the initial phase contributed to the self-leaching of the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions from the structure of the pumpkin peel, which were transferred into the aqueous phase. The further decrease in conductivity is a result of the dilution of the aqueous phase. The pH value decreased during the biosorption of Cu²⁺ ions, as hydrogen ions were transferred from the pumpkin peel structure into the solution, and then exchanged with Cu²⁺ ions. The conductivity value increased during the biosorption process, with a rapid increase in the initial period of 5 minutes, due to the transfer of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions into the solution.</p>

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of impacted canines among the orthodontic patients, and to examine the distribution of impactions in relation to gender (male vs. female), affected jaw (upper vs. lower), type of impaction (unilateral vs. bilateral) and affected side of the jaw (right vs. left). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using digital panoramic radiographs of 3432 patients (1467 males and 1965 females) who attended the Department of Orthodontics, University of Sarajevo – Faculty of Dentistry with Dental Clinical Center. The radiographs were screened to determine the position of the canines, its angulation and relationship with adjacent teeth and surrounding structures. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and differences between categorical variables, (such as gender /male and female/, affected jaw /upper vs. lower/, type of impaction/unilateral vs. bilateral/, and affected side of the jaw /right vs. left/) were tested using the chi-squared and Z-test. Results: In the sample of orthodontic patients, impacted canines were found in 3.82% subjects. The prevalence was higher in females (2.24%) compared to males (1.57%). The majority of the impacted canines were unilateral (3.29%) compared to bilateral (0.52%). The ratio of maxillary to mandibular impaction was 17.714:1 in favor of maxillary impactions. Conclusion: Impacted canines were found in 131 out of 3432 patients (3.82%). Females (2.24%) demonstrated a higher impaction rate than males (1.57%). However, the difference was not statistically significant.

Root canal instrumentation is essential for the success of endodontic treatment. Among the various factors that influence the effectiveness of instrumentation, torque is particularly important. Adjusting the torque during root canal instrumentation not only improves dentin cutting efficiency but also decreases the potential for instrument fracture, canal transportation, or perforation. This paper explores the role of torque in endodontics, including its definition, measuring methods, effects on instrumentation, and implications for clinical outcomes. It specifically examines the parameters that influence torque generation during root canal instrumentation.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of initial periodontal therapy on the periodontal status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. A total of 60 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease underwent initial periodontal therapy. Relevant data on HbA1c laboratory test results and periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline and again three months later. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software package (version 13.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). To compare periodontal indices between the initial and follow-up examinations, the General Linear Model – Repeated Measures (GLM-RM) was used. Additional variables that could potentially influence the outcome (therapeutic option, HbA1c levels, and presence of diabetes mellitus) were included as covariates. Descriptive statistics are presented as absolute values (n), relative values (%), and as means with standard deviations or interquartile ranges. Comparisons between variables were conducted using the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon test, depending on the distribution of the data. Based on our study, it can be concluded that initial periodontal therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, when analyzed in correlation with HbA1c levels, resulted in a reduction in clinical periodontal inflammatory parameters. The duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus and HbA1c levels did not have a statistically significant effect on the periodontal indices monitored in this study.

Herbal medicine has long been essential in preventing and treating oral health issues, dating back to prehistoric times. Over the centuries, different cultures have developed advanced herbal remedies for conditions such as toothaches, gingivitis, oral ulcers, and bad breath. Recent research highlights the therapeutic benefits of plants like sage, aloe vera, miswak, clove, neem, chamomile, and mint, many of which are now incorporated into modern oral care products. The combination of ancient wisdom with contemporary scientific research reinforces the ongoing role of phytotherapy in modern dental practice.