Limonene (1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene) is one of the most widespread monocyclic terpenes, being both a natural and industrial compound. It is widely present in the environment, including in water supplies. Therefore, it may be subjected to aqueous chlorination at water treatment stations during drinking water preparation. Besides, being a component of numerous body care and cosmetic products, it may present at high levels in swimming pool waters and could also be subjected to aqueous chlorination. Laboratory experiments with aqueous chlorination of D-limonene demonstrated the prevalence of the conjugated electrophilic addition of HOCl molecule to the double bonds of the parent molecule as the primary reaction. The reaction obeys the Markovnikov rule, as the levels of the corresponding products were higher than those of the alternative ones. Fragmentation pattern in conditions of electron ionization enabled the assigning of the structures for four primary products. The major products of the chlorination are formed by the addition of two HOCl molecules to limonene. The reactions of electrophilic addition are usually accompanied by the reactions of elimination. Thus, the loss of water molecules from the products of various generations results in the reproduction of the double bond, which immediately reacts further. Thus, a cascade of addition-elimination reactions brings the most various isomeric polychlorinated species. At a ratio of limonene/active chlorine higher than 1:10, the final products of aqueous chlorination (haloforms) start forming, while brominated haloforms represent a notable portion of these products due to the presence of bromine impurities in the used NaOCl. It is worth mentioning that the bulk products of aqueous chlorination are less toxic in the bioluminescence test on V. fischeri than the parent limonene.

A UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is an unmanned aerial vehicle or aircraft that can be monitored remotely or flown independently using a pre-programmed flight plan. Simply, a drone is a selfpropelled vehicle heavier than air. From their beginnings and first forms to modern drones as we know them today, people have discovered many areas for their application. As the power and carrying capacity of drones has grown, so does the possibility of using them for different purposes such as logistics and postal services. The main advantage of drones in urban areas is the independence from road infrastructure and fast delivery, but several challenges need to be addressed for this type of delivery to be competitive with other modes. Many projects have dealt with this topic, but none of them has widespread use to this day. In this paper, we will present the basic challenges that arise in the use of drones for shipment delivery. The paper will present activities that should be prioritized to make a competitive type of service. The paper will present also the advantages over other types of shipment delivery and the current limitation with a future possible research area.

Abstract This study explores the mechanism of influence of total quality management (TQM) practices on a company’s financial performance (FP), considering innovation performance (IP) as a mediator variable. In addition, the proposed model seeks to determine whether the competition intensity (CI) moderates the relationship between TQM practices and FP. Based on the sample of 593 companies from various sectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina, structural equation modeling is used to analyze the relationships between the variables in the model. The results of this paper reveal the implicit and often omitted impact of IP on FP taking into account TQM practices, suggesting that the impact of TQM practices is manifested through full mediation of IP. The moderating effect of CI in the relationship between TQM practices and FP was not supported. The results indicate the role and the importance of IP in the mechanism of influence of TQM practices.

The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) anticipates frequent synthesis and optimization of different architectural design decisions (ADDs) – such as deployment of software components to hardware components, service composition, production planning, and topology (plant layout) synthesis. The frequent manual search for valid and optimal architectural designs is a time- and cognition-consuming task for an engineer. This asks for automating the process of deriving different ADDs. Although automating different ADDs is intensely investigated in other domains, the current research works 1) require higher engineering effort for specifying architecture optimization problems; 2) conduct (only) sequential ADDs, leading to lower solution quality (i.e., sub-optimal production); 3) neglect re-configurability and reliability of architectures, and, thereby, offer no solution for production downtime; 4) neglect event-based execution semantics while considering timing-related issues. Therefore, I propose a Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT)-based framework for joint synthesis and optimization of multi-dimensional ADDs using industrial automation domain models (e.g., plant topology, product recipes, stations capabilities, etc.). This research should bring following benefits for the practitioners and researchers: 1) reduction of engineering effort for conducting different ADDs; 2) improvement of different quality attributes (e.g., production performance, reconfigurability, reliability, etc.); 3) guideline/support for a practitioner in choosing ADDs workflow to improve given quality attributes.

Self-adaptive systems offer several attack surfaces due to the communication via different channels and the different sensors required to observe the environment. Often, attacks cause safety to be compromised as well, making it necessary to consider these two aspects together. Furthermore, the approaches currently used for safety and security analysis do not sufficient take into account the intermediate steps of an adaptation. Current work in this area ignores the fact that a self-adaptive system also reveals possible vulnerabilities (even if only temporarily) during the adaptation. To address this issue, we propose a modeling approach that takes into account the different relevant aspects of a system, its adaptation process, as well as safety hazards and security attacks. We present several models that describe different aspects of a self-adaptive system and we outline our idea of how these models can then be combined into an Attack-Fault Tree. This allows modeling aspects of the system on different levels of abstraction and co-evolve the models using transformations according to the adaptation of the system. Finally, analyses can then be performed as usual on the resulting Attack-Fault Tree.CCS CONCEPTS• Software and its engineering → System description languages; Fault tree analysis; • Computer systems organization → Embedded and cyber-physical systems; Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks.

Digitization of transport requires the transformation of the transport system from a physical to a cybernetic physical system. Digitization of transport includes the application of information and communication technologies and artificial intelligence in the transport system. This leads to the transformation of transport processes, but also to a change in the behavior of users and their views on transport and transport services. This creates the conditions for the development of new services and new solutions in the transport system that enable more efficient, economical, safer and more environmentally friendly transport.

The current market situation indicates an intensive increase in services offered by the logistics sector. To fulfill the growing demand, the logistics sector in the department of distribution of goods has several challenges, such as increasing fleet, increased mileage, difficulty in achieving an environmentally-friendly distribution chain. Each of these challenges requires organizational and managerial interventions in the process of functioning of the logistics sector. Given the needs of the market, environmental restrictions at the global level, the global issue of conventional fuels, research in this paper will focus on one of the elements for achieving an environmentally friendly and sustainable distribution chain. This paper targets to point out the challenges and advantages of replacing conventional vehicle vehicles with more environmentally-friendly vehicles. In the concept of Green Logistic, the basis for achieving an environmentally friendly logistics distribution chain are electric vehicles. The paper will identify the impact of logistics operations on the environment on the example of the vehicle fleet of a logistics operator in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which provides goods distribution services, using European models for assessing the environmental performance of vehicles. Research and application of scientific methods will determine the advantages, challenges, and possibilities of introducing electric vehicles in logistics operator’s fleet.

Simple Summary Boar spermatozoa can be exposed to many harmful factors. The low antioxidant capacity of spermatozoa makes them susceptible to reactive oxygen species. The protection of spermatozoa from these harmful effects lies in the seminal plasma, which is enriched by antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed to measure the antioxidant status of boar seminal plasma, and to determine spermatozoa DNA status, and the total number of motile spermatozoa after the concurrent joint application in the boars’ diet of two commercial products with antioxidative potential. Abstract The study was conducted on a commercial pig farm located in Serbia. Thirty Duroc or Landrace breed boars were randomly selected for this study. The experimental group was fed a compound feed with added organic selenium and Oxynat 3D. The antioxidant status parameters of boar seminal plasma were evaluated using a biochemical analyzer and commercial Randox kits. The sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) using flow cytometry (FC) provided information about spermatozoa’s DNA status. Additionally, the total number of motile spermatozoa and spermatozoa kinematic parameters were measured using the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. The aim of this study was to improve the parameters of semen by combining two preparations that have a potential antioxidant effect, but also to establish the level of various antioxidant enzymes in native sperm. There was no statistically significant difference in total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity in the seminal plasma obtained from the experimental and control groups of boars. Regarding the superoxide dismutase activity, the research results showed a difference in the control group compared to the experimental one. Moreover, spermatozoa DNA fragmentation and the total number of motile spermatozoa showed statistically significant lower and higher values, respectively, in experimental compared to the control groups. The combination of these two preparations shows significantly enhanced vital parameters of semen. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in which the ejaculate parameters were examined after the application of a combination of these two antioxidant supplements.

Objectives To evaluate the sleep patterns among young West Balkan adults during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design and setting Cross-sectional study conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire based on established sleep questionnaires Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (February–August 2021). Participants Young adults of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia. Results Of 1058 subjects, mean age was 28.19±9.29 years; majority were women (81.4%) and students (61.9%). Compared with before the pandemic, 528 subjects (49.9%) reported a change in sleeping patterns during the pandemic, with 47.3% subjects reporting sleeping less. Mean sleeping duration during the COVID-19 pandemic was 7.71±2.14 hours with median sleep latency of 20 (10.0–30.0) min. Only 91 (8.6%) subjects reported consuming sleeping medications. Of all, 574 (54.2%) subjects had ISI score >7, with majority (71.2%) having subthreshold insomnia, and 618 (58.4%) PSQI score ≥5, thus indicating poor sleep quality. Of 656 (62.0%) tested subjects, 464 (43.9%) were COVID-19 positive (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) who were 48.8%, next to women (70%), more likely to have insomnia symptoms; and 66.9% were more likely to have poor sleep quality. Subjects using sleep medication were 44 times, and subjects being positive to ISI 15.36 times more likely to have poor sleep quality. In contrast, being a student was a negative independent predictor for both insomnia symptoms and poor sleep quality, and mental labour and not working were negative independent predictors for insomnia symptoms. Conclusions During the third wave of the pandemic, sleep patterns were impaired in about half of young West Balkan adults, with COVID-19-positive subjects and being women as positive independent predictors and being a student as negative independent predictor of impaired sleep pattern. Due to its importance in long-term health outcomes, sleep quality in young adults, especially COVID-19-positive ones, should be thoroughly assessed.

Introduction: The early approaches to prevent the spread of COVID-19 included lockdown and social distancing measures, leading to university closures. These measures forced unparalleled changes to the delivery of healthcare education. Concerns included the preparedness of faculty and students to e-learning as well as the routine availability and funding of equipment and internet bundles. This needed addressing with fully trained healthcare professionals required given rising inappropriate use of antibiotics in India, growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases as well as an increasing number of patients with joint comorbidities. Consequently, there is a need to ascertain the current impact of the pandemic on healthcare student education across India. Materials and Methods: This was a pilot study among 10 purposely selected healthcare educators in both private and public universities. The questionnaire built on published studies. Results: Identified challenges included a lack of familiarity with online education, no bedside teaching, lack of equipment and affordability of internet bundles, poor internet connectivity and postponed examinations. Ways forward included training faculty on e-learning, providing students with loans and other financial support to purchase equipment and internet bundles, establishing COVID-19 prevention protocols and protective equipment, recording lectures and tutorials to make up for lost time and simulated methods to teach clinical aspects. Conclusion: Despite challenges, there was a rapid move to online learning among surveyed universities. Alongside this, courses to address lack of familiarity with e-learning approaches with hybrid teaching approaches here to stay. The next step will be to undertake a wider study and to use the combined findings to provide future guidance.