Green supplier selection is always one of the most important challenges in all of supply chain management, especially for production companies. The purpose is to have reliable suppliers which can fulfill all requests and be flexible in any supply chain stage. The aim of this paper is to create an adequate and strong MCDM (multicriteria decision making) model for the evaluation and selection of suppliers in a real environment. The main contribution of this study is proposing a novel fuzzy–rough MCDM model containing extension stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and additive ratio assessment (ARAS) methods with fuzzy–rough numbers (FRN). The integrated FRN SWARA–FRN ARAS model was implemented in a case study of eco-friendly material production. The FRN SWARA method was used to calculate the weights of 10 green criteria, while using FRN ARAS, 6 suppliers were evaluated. The results of the applied model show that supplier S3 received the highest ranking, followed by supplier S2, while supplier S5 performed the poorest. In order to verify the strengths of the developed fuzzy–rough approach, we created a comparative analysis, sensitivity analysis, and dynamic matrix, which confirm the robustness of our model.

Psychedelic drugs can aid fast and lasting remission from various neuropsychiatric disorders, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Preclinical studies suggest serotonergic psychedelics enhance neuronal plasticity, but whether neuroplastic changes can also be seen at cognitive and behavioural levels is unexplored. Here we show that a single dose of the psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine ((±)-DOI) affects structural brain plasticity and cognitive flexibility in young adult mice beyond the acute drug experience. Using ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging, we show increased volumes of several sensory and association areas one day after systemic administration of 2mgkg−1 (±)-DOI. We then demonstrate lasting effects of (±)-DOI on cognitive flexibility in a two-step probabilistic reversal learning task where 2mgkg−1 (±)-DOI improved the rate of adaptation to a novel reversal in task structure occurring one-week post-treatment. Strikingly, (±)-DOI-treated mice started learning from reward omissions, a unique strategy not typically seen in mice in this task, suggesting heightened sensitivity to previously overlooked cues. Crucially, further experiments revealed that (±)-DOI’s effects on cognitive flexibility were contingent on the timing between drug treatment and the novel reversal, as well as on the nature of the intervening experience. (±)-DOI’s facilitation of both cognitive adaptation and novel thinking strategies may contribute to the clinical benefits of psychedelic-assisted therapy, particularly in cases of perseverative behaviours and a resistance to change seen in depression, anxiety, or addiction. Furthermore, our findings highlight the crucial role of time-dependent neuroplasticity and the influence of experiential factors in shaping the therapeutic potential of psychedelic interventions for impaired cognitive flexibility.

Introduction: Cholelithiasis is occurance of one or several gallstones in the gallbladder. It can be complicated with choledocholithiasis, acute or chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis, biliary pancreatitis, biliary ileus, etc. Causes for this disorder in pediatric population can be hemolytic (hereditary spherocytosis, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia) or non hemolytic - other hereditary disorders as cystic fybrosis, Wilson's disease or ileum disordes, total parenteral nutrition, usage of certain medicaments, choledochal cysts, organ transplantation and, in adolescency, those similar to adult patients (obesity). Mostly gallstones found in children are cholesterol ones or pigmented gallstones. There are many diagnostic imaging methods for objectifying gallstones and its complications (as choledocholithiasis that requires ERCP). There is also some differential dyagnoses that should be taken in consideration before the tretment (billary dyskinesion, Odii sphincter dysfunction, neonatal jaundice, cholestasis, pediatric cholecystitis, pediatric pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocysts as well as pediatric pyelonephritis). First line of treatment of cholelithiasis is with diet, saline infusions and medicaments and if cholelithiasis is symptomatic and/or complicated then cholecystectomy is recomended. Having in mind operative approach it can be open procedure of laparascopic one. Some study show that injuries of bile ducts are more common in laparascopic tretment of pediatric cholelithiasis but nevertheless it is shown that with experienced team and good preparation this is the golden standard in the treatment of pediatric cholelithiasis. Objectives. Hereby we present a comprehensive review of literature for the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and management of cholelithiasis in pediatric population. Methods: Between 2010. and 2022, retrospectively, we explored data points of children who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy reviewed with included demographics properties, indication for cholecystectomy, used surgical technique, operative time, complications, and length of hospital stay. We performed 37 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (due to cholelithiasis and one case of cholecystitis without calculi) with 2 conversions to open procedures and via open approach we treated 3 cholecystes in this period. Male to female distribution was: 12 male patients and 25 female patients Results: Thirty-seven children (12 male patients and 25 female patients with ages ranging from 7 to 18 years, mean: 11,9 years) underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The indication for surgery was associated to symptomatic cholelithiasis in almost all patients. The surgery was performed under general anesthesia and classical 4-port approach was done in twenty-two patients, and 2-port approach in combination with 2 portless 2.3-mm percutaneous graspers was used in two patients. The operating time ranged between 45 and 120 minutes (mean: 77 minutes). Two patients were treated by open surgery. Only one patient had leakage due to choledocholithiasis, and open surgery and ERCP had to be performed. Median of hospital stay for all patients was 3-4 days. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and effective in children, and shows the same advantages reported in adult series.

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de hipovitaminose D em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal a partir de dados coletados entre janeiro e agosto de 2019, por meio de prontuários de pacientes de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico de LES, idade de 18 a 80 anos e dosagem sérica de calcidiol (25(OH)D). Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, teste t, ANOVA e quiquadrado (p<0,005).  O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Houve predomínio do sexo feminino 96,43% na amostra, com idade média de 48 ± 13 anos. Apenas 32% dos pacientes apresentaram valores de 25(OH)D adequado. A concentração média de 25(OH)D foi de 26,06 ng/dL.  Conclusão: Foi constatado alta prevalência de níveis inadequados de vitamina D sérica tanto em pacientes com LES, quanto na população saudável. Tal fato é relevante devido a existência de recomendação específica para valor de vitamina D entre 30 e 60 ng/mL em pacientes com LES, superior ao da população em geral, e pela peculiaridade que eles têm de não poderem se expor aos raios solares.

This article aims to highlight the core educational/upbringing processes of Islamic Religious Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina maktabs, based on the theoretical framework and qualitative research using interview methods. A short framework of the development and status of maktabs in Bosnia and Herzegovina as basic nonformal institutions of Islamic education among Muslims is provided in the introduction. The aim of the research is to examine the attitudes and experiences of muallims regarding the possibilities of realizing the fundamental areas of religious education/upbringing, and the use of approaches, methods, and forms of religious education of children in maktabs. This part of the research also aims to examine the perceptions of muallims about the importance of the principles of religious upbringing of children. The findings show that through methodical/didactical religious education work with children, it is possible to develop all areas of education and that this process runs simultaneously, building a complete personality of the child. It is also apparent that muallims respect the basic educational principles, with a note that the certain educational principles are difficult to fully implement due to numerous limitations. When it comes to educational approaches and methods, it is evident that the prevalent approach is directed towards positive transformation and the encouragement of pupils, which stimulates the internalization of universal and Islamic values.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common viral infections in sexually active population worldwide, and is the main cause of cervical cancer, which is the fourth most common cancer among women. Serbia ranks third in incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in Europe. We conducted a cross-sectional study considering parents’ motivation for the HPV vaccination of their children. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model. We found that the strongest motive was “Recommendation from paediatrician” (20.2%), followed by the attitude that HPV vaccine protects against cancers in different localization (15.4%), the motive “It is better to vaccinate a child than expose them to potential risk of HPV infection” (13.3%) and “Feeling anxiety due to a possible infection and cancer in the child” (13.1%). For those parents that vaccinated their child for some other strongest motive, reasons like “Vaccine is free of charge”, “Recommendation from friends and family” and motive „My child received all obligatory vaccines, so I want to receive this one as well“, were significantly more frequently selected. In the group where paediatricians’ recommendation was not a motive for accepting the HPV vaccine, the largest percentage of parents (89.6%) selected motive “HPV vaccine protects against cancers in different localization” and the motive “It is better to vaccinate a child than expose them to potential risk of HPV infection” (78.1%). Paediatrician’s recommendation is very important for parents’ decision to vaccinate, however, other motives also influenced and had significance in making the parents’ decision to vaccinate their children against HPV. Encouraging trust in public health authorities in Serbia, highlighting the advantages of the HPV vaccine and further encouraging healthcare workers to give stronger recommendations can increase the HPV vaccine uptake. Finally, we provided the basis to create more targeted messages that will empower parents to vaccinate their children.

Decarbonization of the energy sector is a necessary but long-term process. It includes at least partial substitution of fossil fuels using renewable and alternative fuels. However, this substitution, apart from not always being possible, is often accompanied by limitations and unknowns. Those unknowns are dominantly related to the possibility of establishing stable, highly efficient and low-waste combustion as a fundamental process of primary energy conversion from fuel. Such situations are very common considering the necessity of decarbonization in a very large number of fossil fuel-based energy plants, especially coal-based ones. The possibility of establishing an energetically, economically and environmentally acceptable combustion process is a function of a number of variables, of which the collective properties of the fuel, including the ash from that fuel, are dominant in this sense. With the motive of a scientific contribution to the energy transition, and with the aim of obtaining new knowledge about the characteristics of the combustion of lignite coals with different types of biomass, a set of laboratory research was carried out. Various mixtures of lignite, waste woody biomass and Miscanthus as a fast-growing energy crop were subjected to combustion. With a change in the composition of the fuel mixture, the tests were performed at a process temperature of 1250 °C and with a staged supply of combustion air.  With these combustion conditions, the emission of undesirable components into the environment, the efficiency of combustion and the ash estimated tendency of fouling of the boiler heating surfaces were determined. It has been shown that even with co-firing at a temperature of 1250 °C, it is possible to establish a efficient process with an acceptable content of unburnt carbon in the slag (unburnt carbon content, UBC<4%) as well as CO emissions (eCO≤340 mg/mn3), a relatively low emission of nitrogen oxides eNOx≤670 mg/mn3. Also, the process proved to be well controlled from the aspect of possible ash slagging in the furnace. The net emission of CO2 decreases in proportion to the share of biomass in the mixture, while the emission of SO2 is high, at the level of eSO2≤2500 mg/mn3.  

Radiomics-based systems could improve the management of oncological patients by supporting cancer diagnosis, treatment planning, and response assessment. However, one of the main limitations of these systems is the generalizability and reproducibility of results when they are applied to images acquired in different hospitals by different scanners. Normalization has been introduced to mitigate this issue, and two main approaches have been proposed: one rescales the image intensities (image normalization), the other the feature distributions for each center (feature normalization). The aim of this study is to evaluate how different image and feature normalization methods impact the robustness of 93 radiomics features acquired using a multicenter and multi-scanner abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) dataset. To this scope, 88 rectal MRIs were retrospectively collected from 3 different institutions (4 scanners), and for each patient, six 3D regions of interest on the obturator muscle were considered. The methods applied were min-max, 1st-99th percentiles and 3-Sigma normalization, z-score standardization, mean centering, histogram normalization, Nyul-Udupa and ComBat harmonization. The Mann-Whitney U-test was applied to assess features repeatability between scanners, by comparing the feature values obtained for each normalization method, including the case in which no normalization was applied. Most image normalization methods allowed to reduce the overall variability in terms of intensity distributions, while worsening or showing unpredictable results in terms of feature robustness, except for the z-score, which provided a slight improvement by increasing the number of statistically similar features from 9/93 to 10/93. Conversely, feature normalization methods positively reduced the overall variability across the scanners, in particular, 3sigma, z_score and ComBat that increased the number of similar features (79/93). According to our results, it emerged that none of the image normalization methods was able to strongly increase the number of statistically similar features.

Background: Llamas are becoming increasingly popular as livestock and as companion animals and their blood samples may require transportation over long distances and storage for extended periods prior to hematological analyses. Hematological parameters are influenced by a range of factors, including age, sex, diet and environment. Examining how these parameters change over time in stored blood samples can provide insights into the natural variation of these parameters in llamas, which can inform future research on the health and biology of these animals. This study sought to evaluate the stability of hematological markers at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 hours of storage in blood samples of llamas (Lama glama) stored at 4°C. Methods: The study was conducted on blood from eight clinically healthy llamas captivated at Sarajevo Zoo-Pionirska dolina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The effect of storage was observed on the following hematological parameters: Red Blood Cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Reticulocyte count (RETIC), White Blood Cell (WBC). White blood cell differentiation, absolute white blood cell counts, platelet count (PLT) and mean platelet volume (MPV) are also included. Result: During 42 hours of storage at 4°C, it was discovered that red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, mean cell hemoglobin and reticulocyte, as well as the differentiation of white blood cells and measurement of their absolute values, remained stable. However, hematocrit increased at 12 h, while mean cell hemoglobin concentration decreased at 12 h when stored at 4°C.

In this work, human life and life processes are thematized. The thinking subject should be instructed to establish order in life and the world, that is, life forms on which the life world is built.

Tolerance is understood as a value that makes peace possible and as such contributes to a culture of peace and thus reduces the possibility of conflict, in essence is similar to what Socrates meant by ethical principles, how should I live, which can be understood as allowing different opinions and respectthe rights of others . In this way justify our fundamental question: Can we go through the determinants of Socrates ethical identity to speak of tolerance, and the respect that excludes suffering? Is it possible to say that we were Socrates, through the principles of its ethical philosophy, taught the principles of tolerance? In what way, if at all is tolerance a virtue and whether the Socrates ethical philosophy and construction of ethical identity can identify lines that correspond to the period of the current tolerance?

The aim of primary considerations in this paper is not the presentation of socialism even as the idea of absolute success, on the one hand, neither as the idea of absolute failure, on the other hand, as well as not taking a position with which the advocate of socialism or deny same. As any other idea, the idea of socialism has its victories as well as its defeats, and taking into consideration the natural progression of human dimension always celebrated the idea of victory. Therefore, the aim of this review is a modest attempt at an overview of the principles and character of socialism to attempt interpretation and understanding of the principles and aspirations of the art and the reigning world techniques. It is of paramount importance to point out here that the term does not mean the world of technology systems in the field of our everyday life in which technical devices means without which the contemporary man lives almost unthinkable, but the question about the world of the art shell be understood in the light of Heideggerian, that is a question of technique and of such a world refers to what is, so to speak, "the other side" area that is in terms of the area of observe, observer, he demonstrates, this is what is the nature of things first (first in terms of the significance of our existence).